Programs & Examples On #Design patterns

Principled Design of the Modern Web Architecture by Roy T. Fielding and Richard N. Taylor, i.e. sequence of works from all REST terminology came from, contains definition of client-server interaction:

All REST interactions are stateless. That is, each request contains all of the information necessary for a connector to understand the request, independent of any requests that may have preceded it.

This restriction accomplishes four functions, 1st and 3rd are important in this particular case:

• 1st: it removes any need for the connectors to retain application state between requests, thus reducing consumption of physical resources and improving scalability;
• 3rd: it allows an intermediary to view and understand a request in isolation, which may be necessary when services are dynamically rearranged;

And now lets go back to your security case. Every single request should contains all required information, and authorization/authentication is not an exception. How to achieve this? Literally send all required information over wires with every request.

One of examples how to archeive this is hash-based message authentication code or HMAC. In practice this means adding a hash code of current message to every request. Hash code calculated by cryptographic hash function in combination with a secret cryptographic key. Cryptographic hash function is either predefined or part of code-on-demand REST conception (for example JavaScript). Secret cryptographic key should be provided by server to client as resource, and client uses it to calculate hash code for every request.

There are a lot of examples of HMAC implementations, but I'd like you to pay attention to the following three:

• Authenticating REST Requests for Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)
• Answer by Mauriceless on quiestion: "How to implement HMAC Authentication in a RESTful WCF API"
• crypto-js: JavaScript implementations of standard and secure cryptographic algorithms

How it works in practice

If client knows the secret key, then it's ready to operate with resources. Otherwise he will be temporarily redirected (status code 307 Temporary Redirect) to authorize and to get secret key, and then redirected back to the original resource. In this case there is no need to know beforehand (i.e. hardcode somewhere) what the URL to authorize the client is, and it possible to adjust this schema with time.

Hope this will helps you to find the proper solution!

I don't really see the need, as a module with functions (and not a class) would serve well as a singleton. All its variables would be bound to the module, which could not be instantiated repeatedly anyway.

If you do wish to use a class, there is no way of creating private classes or private constructors in Python, so you can't protect against multiple instantiations, other than just via convention in use of your API. I would still just put methods in a module, and consider the module as the singleton.

Injecting Strongly Typed ViewModels into the View using MVC

1. The controller is responsible for newing up the ViewModel and injecting it into the View. (for get requests)
2. The ViewModel is the container for DataContext and view state such as the last selected item etc.
3. The Model contains DB entities and is very close to the DB Schema it does the queries and filtering. (I like EF and LINQ for this)
4. The Model should also consider repositories and or projection of results into strong types (EF has a great method... EF.Database.Select(querystring, parms) for direct ADO access to inject queries and get back strong types. This addresses the EF is slow argument. EF is NOT SLOW!
5. The ViewModel gets the data and does the business rules and validation
6. The controller on post back will cal the ViewModel Post method and wait for results.
7. The controller will inject the newly updated Viewmodel to the View. The View uses only strong type binding.
8. The view merely renders the data, and posts events back to the controller. (see examples below)
9. MVC intercepts the inbound request and routes it to proper controller with strong data type

In this model there is no more HTTP level contact with the request or response objects as MSFT's MVC machine hides it from us.

In clarification of item 6 above (by request)...

Assume a ViewModel like this:

public class myViewModel{
     public string SelectedValue {get;set;}
public void Post(){
    //due to MVC model binding the SelectedValue string above will be set by MVC model binding on post back.
    //this allows you to do something with it.
    DoSomeThingWith(SelectedValue);
    SelectedValue = "Thanks for update!";
 }
}

The controller method of the post will look like this (See below), note that the instance of mvm is automatically instanciated by the MVC binding mechanisms. You never have to drop down to the query string layer as a result! This is MVC instantiating the ViewModel for you based on the query strings!

[HTTPPOST]   
public ActionResult MyPostBackMethod (myViewModel mvm){
         if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
               // Immediately call the only method needed in VM...
               mvm.Post()
        }
      return View(mvm);
}

Note that in order for this actionmethod above to work as you intend, you must have a null CTOR defined that intializes things not returned in the post. The post back must also post back name/value pairs for those things which changed. If there are missing name/value pairs the MVC binding engine does the proper thing which is simply nothing! If this happens you might find yourself saying "I'm losing data on post backs"...

The advantage of this pattern is the ViewModel does all the "clutter" work interfacing to the Model/Buisness logic, the controller is merely a router of sorts. It is SOC in action.

a wrapper is class which is used to communicate between two different application between different platform

Actually the problem is with the compression options. The trick is the pipe the tar result to a compressor instead of using the built-in options. Incidentally that can also give you better compression, since you can set extra compresion options.

Minimal tar:

tar --exclude=*.tar* -cf workspace.tar .

Pipe to a compressor of your choice. This example is verbose and uses xz with maximum compression:

tar --exclude=*.tar* -cv . | xz -9v >workspace.tar.xz

Solution was tested on Ubuntu 14.04 and Cygwin on Windows 7. It's a community wiki answer, so feel free to edit if you spot a mistake.

In the new 2013 book named "Functional Programming Patterns- in Scala and Clojure" the author Michael.B. Linn does a decent job comparing and providing replacements in many cases for the GoF patterns and also discusses the newer functional patterns like 'tail recursion', 'memoization', 'lazy sequence', etc.

This book is available on Amazon. I found it very informative and encouraging when coming from an OO background of a couple of decades.

The aggregate root is a complex name for a simple idea.

General idea

Well designed class diagram encapsulates its internals. Point through which you access this structure is called aggregate root.

Internals of your solution may be very complicated, but users of this hierarchy will just use root.doSomethingWhichHasBusinessMeaning().

Example

Check this simple class hierarchy

How do you want to ride your car? Chose better API

Option A (it just somehow works):

car.ride();

Option B (user has access to class inernals):

if(car.getTires().getUsageLevel()< Car.ACCEPTABLE_TIRE_USAGE)
    for (Wheel w: car:getWheels()){
        w.spin();
    }
}

If you think that option A is better then congratulations. You get the main reason behind aggregate root.

Aggregate root encapsulates multiple classes. you can manipulate the whole hierarchy only through the main object.

I completely agree with @Peter Rasmussen.

Design patterns provide general solution to commonly occurring design problem.

I would like you to follow below approach.

1. Understand intent of each pattern
2. Understand checklist or use case of each pattern
3. Think of solution to your problem and check if your solution falls into checklist of particular pattern
4. If not, simply ignore the design-patterns and write your own solution.

Useful links:

sourcemaking : Explains intent, structure and checklist beautifully in multiple languages including C++ and Java

wikipedia : Explains structure, UML diagram and working examples in multiple languages including C# and Java .

Check list and Rules of thumb in each sourcemakding design-pattern provides alram bell you are looking for.

My two cents for such and old question

Some people already mentioned, practice and refactoring. I believe the right order to learn about patterns is this:

1. Learn Test Driven Development (TDD)
2. Learn refactoring
3. Learn patterns

Most people ignore 1, many believe they can do 2, and almost everybody goes straight for 3.

For me the key to improve my software skills was learning TDD. It might be a long time of painful and slow coding, but writing your tests first certainly makes you think a lot about your code. If a class needs too much boilerplate or breaks easily you start noticing bad smells quite fast

The main benefit of TDD is that you lose your fear of refactoring your code and force you to write classes that are highly independent and cohesive. Without a good set of tests, it is just too painful to touch something that is not broken. With safety net you will really adventure into drastic changes to your code. That is the moment when you can really start learning from practice.

Now comes the point where you must read books about patterns, and to my opinion, it is a complete waste of time trying too hard. I only understood patterns really well after noticing I did something similar, or I could apply that to existing code. Without the safety tests, or habits of refactoring, I would have waited until a new project. The problem of using patterns in a fresh project is that you do not see how they impact or change a working code. I only understood a software pattern once I refactored my code into one of them, never when I introduced one fresh in my code.

Why not just raise an event in the VM and subscribe to the event in the view? This would keep the application logic and the view seperate and still allow you to use a child window for dialogs.

Singleton:

Ensure a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

The singleton pattern limits the number of instances of a particular object to just one. This single instance is called the singleton.

• defines getInstance() which returns the unique instance.
• responsible for creating and managing the instance object.

The singleton object is implemented as an immediate anonymous function. The function executes immediately by wrapping it in brackets followed by two additional brackets. It is called anonymous because it doesn't have a name.

Sample Program

var Singleton = (function () {
    var instance;

    function createInstance() {
        var object = new Object("I am the instance");
        return object;
    }

    return {
        getInstance: function () {
            if (!instance) {
                instance = createInstance();
            }
            return instance;
        }
    };
})();

function run() {

    var instance1 = Singleton.getInstance();
    var instance2 = Singleton.getInstance();

    alert("Same instance? " + (instance1 === instance2));
}

run()

The heart of a state machine is the transition table, which takes a state and a symbol (what you're calling an event) to a new state. That's just a two-index array of states. For sanity and type safety, declare the states and symbols as enumerations. I always add a "length" member in some way (language-specific) for checking array bounds. When I've hand-coded FSM's, I format the code in row and column format with whitespace fiddling. The other elements of a state machine are the initial state and the set of accepting states. The most direct implementation of the set of accepting states is an array of booleans indexed by the states. In Java, however, enumerations are classes, and you can specify an argument "accepting" in the declaration for each enumerated value and initialize it in the constructor for the enumeration.

For the machine type, you can write it as a generic class. It would take two type arguments, one for the states and one for the symbols, an array argument for the transition table, a single state for the initial. The only other detail (though it's critical) is that you have to call Enum.ordinal() to get an integer suitable for indexing the transition array, since you there's no syntax for directly declaring an array with a enumeration index (though there ought to be).

To preempt one issue, EnumMap won't work for the transition table, because the key required is a pair of enumeration values, not a single one.

enum State {
    Initial( false ),
    Final( true ),
    Error( false );
    static public final Integer length = 1 + Error.ordinal();

    final boolean accepting;

    State( boolean accepting ) {
        this.accepting = accepting;
    }
}

enum Symbol {
    A, B, C;
    static public final Integer length = 1 + C.ordinal();
}

State transition[][] = {
    //  A               B               C
    {
        State.Initial,  State.Final,    State.Error
    }, {
        State.Final,    State.Initial,  State.Error
    }
};

Facebook is using LAMP structure. Facebook’s back-end services are written in a variety of different programming languages including C++, Java, Python, and Erlang and they are used according to requirement. With LAMP Facebook uses some technologies ,to support large number of requests, like

1. Memcache - It is a memory caching system that is used to speed up dynamic database-driven websites (like Facebook) by caching data and objects in RAM to reduce reading time. Memcache is Facebook’s primary form of caching and helps alleviate the database load. Having a caching system allows Facebook to be as fast as it is at recalling your data.

2. Thrift (protocol) - It is a lightweight remote procedure call framework for scalable cross-language services development. Thrift supports C++, PHP, Python, Perl, Java, Ruby, Erlang, and others.

3. Cassandra (database) - It is a database management system designed to handle large amounts of data spread out across many servers.

4. HipHop for PHP - It is a source code transformer for PHP script code and was created to save server resources. HipHop transforms PHP source code into optimized C++. After doing this, it uses g++ to compile it to machine code.

If we go into more detail, then answer to this question go longer. We can understand more from following posts:

1. How Does Facebook Work?
2. Data Management, Facebook-style
3. Facebook database design?
4. Facebook wall's database structure
5. Facebook "like" data structure

Observer a.k.a callback is registered at Observable.

It is used for informing e.g. about events that happened at some point of time. It is widely used in Swing, Ajax, GWT for dispatching operations on e.g. UI events (button clicks, textfields changed etc).

In Swing you find methods like addXXXListener(Listener l), in GWT you have (Async)callbacks.

As list of observers is dynamic, observers can register and unregister during runtime. It is also a good way do decouple observable from observers, as interfaces are used.

The approach I would take is: when reading the chapters from the database, instead of a collection of chapters, use a collection of books. This will have your chapters organised into books and you'll be able to use information from both classes to present the information to the user (you can even present it in a hierarchical way easily when using this approach).

I use it for an object encapsulating command-line parameters when dealing with pluggable modules. The main program doesn't know what the command-line parameters are for modules that get loaded (and doesn't always even know what modules are being loaded). e.g., main loads A, which doesn't need any parameters itself (so why it should take an extra pointer / reference / whatever, I'm not sure - looks like pollution), then loads modules X, Y, and Z. Two of these, say X and Z, need (or accept) parameters, so they call back to the command-line singleton to tell it what parameters to accept, and the at runtime they call back to find out if the user actually has specified any of them.

In many ways, a singleton for handling CGI parameters would work similarly if you're only using one process per query (other mod_* methods don't do this, so it'd be bad there - thus the argument that says you shouldn't use singletons in the mod_cgi world in case you port to the mod_perl or whatever world).

I have used the struts framework and find it fairly easy to learn. When using the struts framework each page of your site will have the following items.

1) An action which is used is called every time the HTML page is refreshed. The action should populate the data in the form when the page is first loaded and handles interactions between the web UI and the business layer. If you are using the jsp page to modify a mutable java object a copy of the java object should be stored in the form rather than the original so that the original data doesn't get modified unless the user saves the page.

2) The form which is used to transfer data between the action and the jsp page. This object should consist of a set of getter and setters for attributes that need to be accessible to the jsp file. The form also has a method to validate data before it gets persisted.

3) A jsp page which is used to render the final HTML of the page. The jsp page is a hybrid of HTML and special struts tags used to access and manipulate data in the form. Although struts allows users to insert Java code into jsp files you should be very cautious about doing that because it makes your code more difficult to read. Java code inside jsp files is difficult to debug and can not be unit tested. If you find yourself writing more than 4-5 lines of java code inside a jsp file the code should probably be moved to the action.

Its simply creating a wrapper to call multiple methods . You have an A class with method x() and y() and B class with method k() and z(). You want to call x, y, z at once , to do that using Facade pattern you just create a Facade class and create a method lets say xyz(). Instead of calling each method (x,y and z) individually you just call the wrapper method (xyz()) of the facade class which calls those methods .

Similar pattern is repository but it s mainly for the data access layer.

Here is a mockable singleton using CRTP. It relies on a little helper to enforce a single object at any one time (at most). To enforce a single object over program execution, remove the reset (which we find useful for tests).

A ConcreteSinleton can be implemented like this:

class ConcreteSingleton : public Singleton<ConcreteSingleton>
{
public:
  ConcreteSingleton(const Singleton<ConcreteSingleton>::PrivatePass&)
      : Singleton<StandardPaths>::Singleton{pass}
  {}
  
  // ... concrete interface
  int f() const {return 42;}

};

And then used with

ConcreteSingleton::instance().f();

Didn't feel like doing it by hand as in bobince's answer, so I just completely ripped off jQuery's plugin options pattern.

Here's the constructor:

//default constructor for Preset 'class'
function Preset(params) {
    var properties = $.extend({
        //these are the defaults
        id: null,
        name: null,
        inItems: [],
        outItems: [],
    }, params);

    console.log('Preset instantiated');
    this.id = properties.id;
    this.name = properties.name;
    this.inItems = properties.inItems;
    this.outItems = properties.outItems;
}

Here's different ways of instantiation:

presetNoParams = new Preset(); 
presetEmptyParams = new Preset({});
presetSomeParams = new Preset({id: 666, inItems:['item_1', 'item_2']});
presetAllParams = new Preset({id: 666, name: 'SOpreset', inItems: ['item_1', 'item_2'], outItems: ['item_3', 'item_4']});

And here's what that made:

presetNoParams
Preset {id: null, name: null, inItems: Array[0], outItems: Array[0]}

presetEmptyParams
Preset {id: null, name: null, inItems: Array[0], outItems: Array[0]}

presetSomeParams
Preset {id: 666, name: null, inItems: Array[2], outItems: Array[0]}

presetAllParams
Preset {id: 666, name: "SOpreset", inItems: Array[2], outItems: Array[2]}

simple decorator that easy to write when you need

function one(func) {
  return function () {
     func && func.apply(this, arguments);
     func = null;
  }
}

using:

var initializer= one( _ =>{
      console.log('initializing')
  })

initializer() // 'initializing'
initializer() // nop
initializer() // nop

pytest fixtures all based on DI (source)

They're actually the same. There's one difference I can see. With Application class you can initialize your variables in Application.onCreate() and destroy them in Application.onTerminate(). With singleton you have to rely VM initializing and destroying statics.

A complex construction is when the object to be constructed is composed of different other objects which are represented by abstractions.

Consider a menu in McDonald's. A menu contains a drink, a main and a side. Depending on which descendants of the individual abstractions are composed together, the created menu has another representation.

1. Example: Cola, Big Mac, French Fries
2. Example: Sprite, Nuggets, Curly Fries

There, we got two instances of the menu with different representations. The process of construction in turn remains the same. You create a menu with a drink, a main and a side.

By using the builder pattern, you separate the algorithm of creating a complex object from the different components used to create it.

In terms of the builder pattern, the algorithm is encapsulated in the director whereas the builders are used to create the integral parts. Varying the used builder in the algorithm of the director results in a different representation because other parts are composed to a menu. The way a menu is created remains the same.

Being au fait with patterns as defined by (say) the GOF book, and naming objects after these gets me a long way in naming classes, organising them and communicating intent. Most people will understand this nomenclature (or at least a major part of it).

I'm not going to comment on the good/evil argument, but I haven't used them since Spring came along. Using dependency injection has pretty much removed my requirements for singleton, servicelocators and factories. I find this a much more productive and clean environment, at least for the type of work I do (Java-based web applications).

object cannot be defined staticly but this works

final Class B{
  static $var;
  static function init(){
    self::$var = new A();
}
B::init();

All these patterns, MVC, MVVM, MVP, and Presentation Model, can be applied to Android apps, but without a third-party framework, it is not easy to get well-organized structure and clean code.

MVVM is originated from PresentationModel. When we apply MVC, MVVM, and Presentation Model to an Android app, what we really want is to have a clear structured project and more importantly easier for unit tests.

At the moment, without an third-party framework, you usually have lots of code (like addXXListener(), findViewById(), etc.), which does not add any business value. What's more, you have to run Android unit tests instead of normal JUnit tests, which take ages to run and make unit tests somewhat impractical.

For these reasons, some years ago we started an open source project, RoboBinding - A data-binding Presentation Model framework for the Android platform. RoboBinding helps you write UI code that is easier to read, test, and maintain. RoboBinding removes the need of unnecessary code like addXXListener or so, and shifts UI logic to the Presentation Model, which is a POJO and can be tested via normal JUnit tests. RoboBinding itself comes with more than 300 JUnit tests to ensure its quality.

Answer:

Use a Singleton if:

• You need to have one and only one object of a type in system

Do not use a Singleton if:

• You want to save memory
• You want to try something new
• You want to show off how much you know
• Because everyone else is doing it (See cargo cult programmer in wikipedia)
• In user interface widgets
• It is supposed to be a cache
• In strings
• In Sessions
• I can go all day long

How to create the best singleton:

• The smaller, the better. I am a minimalist
• Make sure it is thread safe
• Make sure it is never null
• Make sure it is created only once
• Lazy or system initialization? Up to your requirements
• Sometimes the OS or the JVM creates singletons for you (e.g. in Java every class definition is a singleton)
• Provide a destructor or somehow figure out how to dispose resources
• Use little memory

I think you can usually do what you need in a loop, which is much better than many onClick methods if it can be done.

Check out this answer for a demonstration of how to use a loop for a similar problem. How you construct your loop will depend on the needs of your onClick functions and how similar they are to one another. The end result is much less repetitive code that is easier to maintain.

(1) UPDATE 2019: ES7 Version

class Singleton {
    static instance;

    constructor() {
        if (instance) {
            return instance;
        }

        this.instance = this;
    }

    foo() {
        // ...
    }
}

console.log(new Singleton() === new Singleton());

(2) ES6 Version

class Singleton {
    constructor() {
        const instance = this.constructor.instance;
        if (instance) {
            return instance;
        }

        this.constructor.instance = this;
    }

    foo() {
        // ...
    }
}

console.log(new Singleton() === new Singleton());

Best solution found: http://code.google.com/p/jslibs/wiki/JavascriptTips#Singleton_pattern

function MySingletonClass () {

  if (arguments.callee._singletonInstance) {
    return arguments.callee._singletonInstance;
  }

  arguments.callee._singletonInstance = this;

  this.Foo = function () {
    // ...
  };
}

var a = new MySingletonClass();
var b = MySingletonClass();
console.log( a === b ); // prints: true

For those who want the strict version:

(function (global) {
  "use strict";
  var MySingletonClass = function () {

    if (MySingletonClass.prototype._singletonInstance) {
      return MySingletonClass.prototype._singletonInstance;
    }

    MySingletonClass.prototype._singletonInstance = this;

    this.Foo = function() {
      // ...
    };
  };

var a = new MySingletonClass();
var b = MySingletonClass();
global.result = a === b;

} (window));

console.log(result);

MVC (Model View Controller)

The input is directed at the Controller first, not the view. That input might be coming from a user interacting with a page, but it could also be from simply entering a specific url into a browser. In either case, its a Controller that is interfaced with to kick off some functionality. There is a many-to-one relationship between the Controller and the View. That’s because a single controller may select different views to be rendered based on the operation being executed. Note the one way arrow from Controller to View. This is because the View doesn’t have any knowledge of or reference to the controller. The Controller does pass back the Model, so there is knowledge between the View and the expected Model being passed into it, but not the Controller serving it up.

MVP (Model View Presenter)

The input begins with the View, not the Presenter. There is a one-to-one mapping between the View and the associated Presenter. The View holds a reference to the Presenter. The Presenter is also reacting to events being triggered from the View, so its aware of the View its associated with. The Presenter updates the View based on the requested actions it performs on the Model, but the View is not Model aware.

For more Reference

My solution is very rude but works: being my fragments dynamically created from retained data, I simply remove all fragment from the PageAdapter before calling super.onSaveInstanceState() and then recreate them on activity creation:

@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    outState.putInt("viewpagerpos", mViewPager.getCurrentItem() );
    mSectionsPagerAdapter.removeAllfragments();
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
}

You can't remove them in onDestroy(), otherwise you get this exception:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Can not perform this action after onSaveInstanceState

Here the code in the page adapter:

public void removeAllfragments()
{
    if ( mFragmentList != null ) {
        for ( Fragment fragment : mFragmentList ) {
            mFm.beginTransaction().remove(fragment).commit();
        }
        mFragmentList.clear();
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }
}

I only save the current page and restore it in onCreate(), after the fragments have been created.

if (savedInstanceState != null)
    mViewPager.setCurrentItem( savedInstanceState.getInt("viewpagerpos", 0 ) );  

It does not make sense to put your business layer in the Model for an MVC project.

Say that your boss decides to change the presentation layer to something else, you would be screwed! The business layer should be a separate assembly. A Model contains the data that comes from the business layer that passes to the view to display. Then on post for example, the model binds to a Person class that resides in the business layer and calls PersonBusiness.SavePerson(p); where p is the Person class. Here's what I do (BusinessError class is missing but would go in the BusinessLayer too):

Switch is not a good way to go as it breaks the Open Close Principal. This is how I do it.

public class Animal
{
       public abstract void Speak();
}


public class Dog : Animal
{
   public virtual void Speak()
   {
       Console.WriteLine("Hao Hao");
   }
}

public class Cat : Animal
{
   public virtual void Speak()
   {
       Console.WriteLine("Meauuuu");
   }
}

And here is how to use it (taking your code):

foreach (var animal in zoo) 
{
    echo animal.speak();
}

Basically what we are doing is delegating the responsibility to the child class instead of having the parent decide what to do with children.

You might also want to read up on "Liskov Substitution Principle".

The reason for your confusion is probably that the Visitor is a fatal misnomer. Many (prominent¹!) programmers have stumbled over this problem. What it actually does is implement double dispatching in languages that don't support it natively (most of them don't).

¹⁾ My favourite example is Scott Meyers, acclaimed author of “Effective C++”, who called this one of his most important C++ aha! moments ever.

I personally prefer to use the other approach, when you have 2 different classes. So you don't need any static class. This is basically to avoid write Class.Builder when you has to create a new instance.

public class Person {
    private String attr1;
    private String attr2;
    private String attr3;

    // package access
    Person(PersonBuilder builder) {
        this.attr1 = builder.getAttr1();
        // ...
    }

    // ...
    // getters and setters 
}

public class PersonBuilder (
    private String attr1;
    private String attr2;
    private String attr3;

    // constructor with required attribute
    public PersonBuilder(String attr1) {
        this.attr1 = attr1;
    }

    public PersonBuilder setAttr2(String attr2) {
        this.attr2 = attr2;
        return this;
    }

    public PersonBuilder setAttr3(String attr3) {
        this.attr3 = attr3;
        return this;
    }

    public Person build() {
        return new Person(this);
    }
    // ....
}

So, you can use your builder like this:

Person person = new PersonBuilder("attr1")
                            .setAttr2("attr2")
                            .build();

Observer-Observable: it is used in ApplicationContext's event mechanism

In some cases, a binding annotation may be just what you're looking for:

https://github.com/google/guice/wiki/BindingAnnotations

Or if you don't want to depend on Guice, just a regular annotation might do.

Efran Cobisi's suggestion of using an Auto Mapper is a good one. I have used Auto Mapper for a while and it worked well, until I found the much faster alternative, Mapster.

Given a large list or IEnumerable, Mapster outperforms Auto Mapper. I found a benchmark somewhere that showed Mapster being 6 times as fast, but I could not find it again. You could look it up and then, if it is suits you, use Mapster.

public class Singleton {

    private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();

    private Singleton() {
        if (INSTANCE != null)
            throw new IllegalStateException(“Already instantiated...”);
        }


    public synchronized static Singleton getInstance() {
        return INSTANCE;
    }

}

As we have added the Synchronized keyword before getInstance, we have avoided the race condition in the case when two threads call the getInstance at the same time.

• have names, unlike constructors, which can clarify code.
• do not need to create a new object upon each invocation - objects can be cached and reused, if necessary.
• can return a subtype of their return type - in particular, can return an object whose implementation class is unknown to the caller. This is a very valuable and widely used feature in many frameworks which use interfaces as the return type of static factory methods.

fromhttp://www.javapractices.com/topic/TopicAction.do?Id=21

Some basic differences can be written in short:

MVC:

Traditional MVC is where there is a

1. Model: Acts as the model for data
2. View : Deals with the view to the user which can be the UI
3. Controller: Controls the interaction between Model and View, where view calls the controller to update model. View can call multiple controllers if needed.

MVP:

Similar to traditional MVC but Controller is replaced by Presenter. But the Presenter, unlike Controller is responsible for changing the view as well. The view usually does not call the presenter.

MVVM

The difference here is the presence of View Model. It is kind of an implementation of Observer Design Pattern, where changes in the model are represented in the view as well, by the VM. Eg: If a slider is changed, not only the model is updated but the data which may be a text, that is displayed in the view is updated as well. So there is a two-way data binding.

Well, when writing it out to file, you do know what class T is, so you can store that in dump. Then, when reading it back in, you can dynamically call it using reflection.

public JSONObject dump() throws JSONException {
    JSONObject result = new JSONObject();
    JSONArray a = new JSONArray();
    for(T i : items){
        a.put(i.dump());
        // inside this i.dump(), store "class-name"
    }
    result.put("items", a);
    return result;
}

public void load(JSONObject obj) throws JSONException {
    JSONArray arrayItems = obj.getJSONArray("items");
    for (int i = 0; i < arrayItems.length(); i++) {
        JSONObject item = arrayItems.getJSONObject(i);
        String className = item.getString("class-name");
        try {
            Class<?> clazzy = Class.forName(className);
            T newItem = (T) clazzy.newInstance();
            newItem.load(obj);
            items.add(newItem);
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            // whatever
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            // whatever
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // whatever
        }
    }

As a summary, I would describe the wider impact of the repository pattern. It allows all of your code to use objects without having to know how the objects are persisted. All of the knowledge of persistence, including mapping from tables to objects, is safely contained in the repository.

Very often, you will find SQL queries scattered in the codebase and when you come to add a column to a table you have to search code files to try and find usages of a table. The impact of the change is far-reaching.

With the repository pattern, you would only need to change one object and one repository. The impact is very small.

Perhaps it would help to think about why you would use the repository pattern. Here are some reasons:

• You have a single place to make changes to your data access

• You have a single place responsible for a set of tables (usually)

• It is easy to replace a repository with a fake implementation for testing - so you don't need to have a database available to your unit tests

There are other benefits too, for example, if you were using MySQL and wanted to switch to SQL Server - but I have never actually seen this in practice!

The Difference Between The Two

The main difference between a "factory method" and an "abstract factory" is that the factory method is a method, and an abstract factory is an object. I think a lot of people get these two terms confused, and start using them interchangeably. I remember that I had a hard time finding exactly what the difference was when I learnt them.

Because the factory method is just a method, it can be overridden in a subclass, hence the second half of your quote:

... the Factory Method pattern uses inheritance and relies on a subclass to handle the desired object instantiation.

The quote assumes that an object is calling its own factory method here. Therefore the only thing that could change the return value would be a subclass.

The abstract factory is an object that has multiple factory methods on it. Looking at the first half of your quote:

... with the Abstract Factory pattern, a class delegates the responsibility of object instantiation to another object via composition ...

What they're saying is that there is an object A, who wants to make a Foo object. Instead of making the Foo object itself (e.g., with a factory method), it's going to get a different object (the abstract factory) to create the Foo object.

Code Examples

To show you the difference, here is a factory method in use:

class A {
    public void doSomething() {
        Foo f = makeFoo();
        f.whatever();   
    }

    protected Foo makeFoo() {
        return new RegularFoo();
    }
}

class B extends A {
    protected Foo makeFoo() {
        //subclass is overriding the factory method 
        //to return something different
        return new SpecialFoo();
    }
}

And here is an abstract factory in use:

class A {
    private Factory factory;

    public A(Factory factory) {
        this.factory = factory;
    }

    public void doSomething() {
        //The concrete class of "f" depends on the concrete class
        //of the factory passed into the constructor. If you provide a
        //different factory, you get a different Foo object.
        Foo f = factory.makeFoo();
        f.whatever();
    }
}

interface Factory {
    Foo makeFoo();
    Bar makeBar();
    Aycufcn makeAmbiguousYetCommonlyUsedFakeClassName();
}

//need to make concrete factories that implement the "Factory" interface here

With the Factory pattern, you produce instances of implementations (Apple, Banana, Cherry, etc.) of a particular interface -- say, IFruit.

With the Abstract Factory pattern, you provide a way for anyone to provide their own factory. This allows your warehouse to be either an IFruitFactory or an IJuiceFactory, without requiring your warehouse to know anything about fruits or juices.

protected  static $_instance;

public static function getInstance()
{
    if(is_null(self::$_instance))
    {
        self::$_instance = new self();
    }
    return self::$_instance;
}

This code can apply for any class without caring about its class name.

I used builder in home-grown messaging library. The library core was receiving data from the wire, collecting it with Builder instance, then, once Builder decided it've got everything it needed to create a Message instance, Builder.GetMessage() was constructing a message instance using the data collected from the wire.

1. Flyweight is used with some values of Byte, Short, Integer, Long and String.
2. Facade is used in many place but the most obvious is Scripting interfaces.
3. Singleton - java.lang.Runtime comes to mind.
4. Abstract Factory - Also Scripting and JDBC API.
5. Command - TextComponent's Undo/Redo.
6. Interpreter - RegEx (java.util.regex.) and SQL (java.sql.) API.
7. Prototype - Not 100% sure if this count, but I thinkg clone() method can be used for this purpose.

Use __new__ when you need to control the creation of a new instance.

Use __init__ when you need to control initialization of a new instance.

__new__ is the first step of instance creation. It's called first, and is responsible for returning a new instance of your class.

In contrast, __init__ doesn't return anything; it's only responsible for initializing the instance after it's been created.

In general, you shouldn't need to override __new__ unless you're subclassing an immutable type like str, int, unicode or tuple.

From April 2008 post: When to use __new__ vs. __init__? on mail.python.org.

You should consider that what you are trying to do is usually done with a Factory and that's the best way to do it. Using __new__ is not a good clean solution so please consider the usage of a factory. Here you have a good factory example.

This article is a good one for the state pattern (though it is C++, not specifically C).

If you can put your hands on the book "Head First Design Patterns", the explanation and example are very clear.

For an in-depth discussion of the singleton pattern in Objective-C, look here:

Using the Singleton Pattern in Objective-C

From a client perspective, static behavior is known to the client but Singleton behavior can be completed hidden from a client. Client may never know that there only one single instance he's playing around with again and again.

Depends what you mean by a pattern. If you're thinking Person/Company/Transaction/Product and such, then yes - there are a lot of generic database schemas already available.

If you're thinking Factory, Singleton... then no - you don't need any of these as they're too low level for DB programming.

If you're thinking database object naming, then it's under the category of conventions, not design per se.

BTW, S.Lott, one-to-many and many-to-many relationships aren't "patterns". They're the basic building blocks of the relational model.

I think it will depend of loose coupling degree that you want to bring to your code.

Factory method decouples things very well but factory class no.

In other words, it's easier to change things if you use factory method than if you use a simple factory (known as factory class).

Look into this example: https://connected2know.com/programming/java-factory-pattern/ . Now, imagine that you want to bring a new Animal. In Factory class you need to change the Factory but in the factory method, no, you only need to add a new subclass.

![mvc architecture][1]

Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern for implementing user interfaces. It divides a given software application into three interconnected parts, so as to separate internal representations of information from the ways that information is presented to or accepted from the user.

Model View Controller (MVC)

Description:

• When we have to main large projects in the software development, MVC is generally used because it’s a universal way of organizing the projects.
• New developers can quickly adapt to the project
• Helps in development of big projects and cross platform too.

The MVC pattern is essentially this:

• Model: What to display. This can be the data source (Ex: Server, Raw data in the app)
• View: How it’s displayed. This can be the xml. It is thus acting as a presentation filter. A view is attached to its model (or model part) and gets the data necessary for the presentation.
• Controller: Handling events like user input. This be the activity

Important feature of MVC: We can modify Either the Model or View or Controller still not affecting the other ones

• Say we change the color in the view, size of the view or the position of the view. By doing so it won’t affect the model or the controller
• Say we change the model (instead of data fetched from the server fetch data from assets ) still it won’t affect the view and controller
• Say we change the Controller(Logic in the activity) it won’t affect the model and the view

In this Java best practices book by Joshua Bloch, you can find explained why you should enforce the Singleton property with a private constructor or an Enum type. The chapter is quite long, so keeping it summarized:

Making a class a Singleton can make it difficult to test its clients, as it’s impossible to substitute a mock implementation for a singleton unless it implements an interface that serves as its type. Recommended approach is implement Singletons by simply make an enum type with one element:

// Enum singleton - the preferred approach
public enum Elvis {
INSTANCE;
public void leaveTheBuilding() { ... }
}

This approach is functionally equivalent to the public field approach, except that it is more concise, provides the serialization machinery for free, and provides an ironclad guarantee against multiple instantiation, even in the face of sophisticated serialization or reflection attacks.

While this approach has yet to be widely adopted, a single-element enum type is the best way to implement a singleton.

Reflection resistant Singleton pattern:

public sealed class Singleton
{
    public static Singleton Instance => _lazy.Value;
    private static Lazy<Singleton, Func<int>> _lazy { get; }

    static Singleton()
    {
        var i = 0;
        _lazy = new Lazy<Singleton, Func<int>>(() =>
        {
            i++;
            return new Singleton();
        }, () => i);
    }

    private Singleton()
    {
        if (_lazy.Metadata() == 0 || _lazy.IsValueCreated)
            throw new Exception("Singleton creation exception");
    }

    public void Run()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Singleton called");
    }
}

I've seen many variants of this problem. One of the main differences (that determines the difficulty) is whether there is some centralized attempt to have a "smart and efficient system" that would have load balancing (e.g., send more idle elevators to lobby in morning). If that is the case, the design will include a whole subsystem with really fun design.

A full design is obviously too much to present here and there are many altenatives. The breadth is also not clear. In an interview, they'll try to figure out how you would think. However, these are some of the things you would need:

1. Representation of the central controller (assuming there is one).

2. Representations of elevators

3. Representations of the interface units of the elevator (these may be different from elevator to elevator). Obviously also call buttons on every floor, etc.

4. Representations of the arrows or indicators on each floor (almost a "view" of the elevator model).

5. Representation of a human and cargo (may be important for factoring in maximal loads)

6. Representation of the building (in some cases, as certain floors may be blocked at times, etc.)

One disadvantage of DI is that it can not initialize objects with logic. For example, when I need to create a character that has random name and age, DI is not the choice over factory pattern. With factories, we can easily encapsulate the random algorithm from object creation, which supports one of the design patterns called "Encapsulate what varies".

You can read a very good solution in: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/363338/Factory-Pattern-in-Cplusplus

The best solution is on the "comments and discussions", see the "No need for static Create methods".

From this idea, I've done a factory. Note that I'm using Qt, but you can change QMap and QString for std equivalents.

#ifndef FACTORY_H
#define FACTORY_H

#include <QMap>
#include <QString>

template <typename T>
class Factory
{
public:
    template <typename TDerived>
    void registerType(QString name)
    {
        static_assert(std::is_base_of<T, TDerived>::value, "Factory::registerType doesn't accept this type because doesn't derive from base class");
        _createFuncs[name] = &createFunc<TDerived>;
    }

    T* create(QString name) {
        typename QMap<QString,PCreateFunc>::const_iterator it = _createFuncs.find(name);
        if (it != _createFuncs.end()) {
            return it.value()();
        }
        return nullptr;
    }

private:
    template <typename TDerived>
    static T* createFunc()
    {
        return new TDerived();
    }

    typedef T* (*PCreateFunc)();
    QMap<QString,PCreateFunc> _createFuncs;
};

#endif // FACTORY_H

Sample usage:

Factory<BaseClass> f;
f.registerType<Descendant1>("Descendant1");
f.registerType<Descendant2>("Descendant2");
Descendant1* d1 = static_cast<Descendant1*>(f.create("Descendant1"));
Descendant2* d2 = static_cast<Descendant2*>(f.create("Descendant2"));
BaseClass *b1 = f.create("Descendant1");
BaseClass *b2 = f.create("Descendant2");

Creating an object within class is called tight coupling, Spring removes this dependency by following a design pattern(DI/IOC). In which object of class in passed in constructor rather than creating in class. More over we give super class reference variable in constructor to define more general structure.

The GuidToBinary routine posted by KCD should be tweaked to account for the bit layout of the timestamp in the GUID string. If the string represents a version 1 UUID, like those returned by the uuid() mysql routine, then the time components are embedded in letters 1-G, excluding the D.

12345678-9ABC-DEFG-HIJK-LMNOPQRSTUVW
12345678 = least significant 4 bytes of the timestamp in big endian order
9ABC     = middle 2 timestamp bytes in big endian
D        = 1 to signify a version 1 UUID
EFG      = most significant 12 bits of the timestamp in big endian

When you convert to binary, the best order for indexing would be: EFG9ABC12345678D + the rest.

You don't want to swap 12345678 to 78563412 because big endian already yields the best binary index byte order. However, you do want the most significant bytes moved in front of the lower bytes. Hence, EFG go first, followed by the middle bits and lower bits. Generate a dozen or so UUIDs with uuid() over the course of a minute and you should see how this order yields the correct rank.

select uuid(), 0
union 
select uuid(), sleep(.001)
union 
select uuid(), sleep(.010)
union 
select uuid(), sleep(.100)
union 
select uuid(), sleep(1)
union 
select uuid(), sleep(10)
union
select uuid(), 0;

/* output */
6eec5eb6-9755-11e4-b981-feb7b39d48d6
6eec5f10-9755-11e4-b981-feb7b39d48d6
6eec8ddc-9755-11e4-b981-feb7b39d48d6
6eee30d0-9755-11e4-b981-feb7b39d48d6
6efda038-9755-11e4-b981-feb7b39d48d6
6f9641bf-9755-11e4-b981-feb7b39d48d6
758c3e3e-9755-11e4-b981-feb7b39d48d6 

The first two UUIDs were generated closest in time. They only vary in the last 3 nibbles of the first block. These are the least significant bits of the timestamp, which means we want to push them to the right when we convert this to an indexable byte array. As a counter example, the last ID is the most current, but the KCD's swapping algorithm would put it before the 3rd ID (3e before dc, last bytes from the first block).

The correct order for indexing would be:

1e497556eec5eb6... 
1e497556eec5f10... 
1e497556eec8ddc... 
1e497556eee30d0... 
1e497556efda038... 
1e497556f9641bf... 
1e49755758c3e3e... 

See this article for supporting information: http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/uuid

*** note that I don't split the version nibble from the high 12 bits of the timestamp. This is the D nibble from your example. I just throw it in front. So my binary sequence ends up being DEFG9ABC and so on. This implies that all my indexed UUIDs start with the same nibble. The article does the same thing.

Xamarin.iOS version for UICollectionView of the accepted answer for ease in copying and pasting

var bottomOffset = new CGPoint (0, CollectionView.ContentSize.Height - CollectionView.Frame.Size.Height + CollectionView.ContentInset.Bottom);          
CollectionView.SetContentOffset (bottomOffset, false);

The best and most accurate method I found was to download the bfg.jar file: https://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/

Then run the commands:

git clone --bare https://project/repository project-repository
cd project-repository
java -jar bfg.jar --delete-folders DIRECTORY_NAME
git reflog expire --expire=now --all && git gc --prune=now --aggressive
git push --mirror https://project/new-repository

If you want to delete files then use the delete-files option instead:

java -jar bfg.jar --delete-files *.pyc

For me this problem only exists as long as there are Android library projects involved in my project. So when I remove all the libraries and do as you said I can run my app again. If there are libraries involved even the bin-removal-trick trick won' work.

I don't get why this bug first appeared today since I'm using ADT 14 for several days now. Well there were other bugs that kept me happy though.

Simple solution, not much smart:

Temporarily block a part of a script:

if false; then
    while you respect syntax a bit, please
    do write here (almost) whatever you want.
    but when you are
    done # write
fi

A bit sophisticated version:

time_of_debug=false # Let's set this variable at the beginning of a script

if $time_of_debug; then # in a middle of the script  
    echo I keep this code aside until there is the time of debug!
fi

To simply redirect a browser using javascript:

window.location.href = "http://example.com/new_url";

To redirect AND submit a form (i.e. login details), requires no javascript:

<form action="/new_url" method="POST">
   <input name="username">
   <input type="password" name="password">
   <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

In your Execute SQL Task, make sure SQLSourceType is set to Direct Input, then your SQL Statement is the name of the stored proc, with questionmarks for each paramter of the proc, like so:

Click the parameter mapping in the left column and add each paramter from your stored proc and map it to your SSIS variable:

Now when this task runs it will pass the SSIS variables to the stored proc.

You can't compare a specific point in time (such as "right now") against an unfixed, recurring event (8am happens every day).

You can check if now is before or after today's 8am:

>>> import datetime
>>> now = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> today8am = now.replace(hour=8, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
>>> now < today8am
True
>>> now == today8am
False
>>> now > today8am
False

If you are using Angular 1.x you can include a directive that will allow you to fallback to any number of images. The fallback attribute supports a single url, multiple urls inside an array, or an angular expression using scope data:

<img ng-src="myFirstImage.png" fallback="'fallback1.png'" />
<img ng-src="myFirstImage.png" fallback="['fallback1.png', 'fallback2.png']" />
<img ng-src="myFirstImage.png" fallback="myData.arrayOfImagesToFallbackTo" />

Add a new fallback directive to your angular app module:

angular.module('app.services', [])
    .directive('fallback', ['$parse', function ($parse) {
        return {
            restrict: 'A',
            link: function (scope, element, attrs) {
                var errorCount = 0;

                // Hook the image element error event
                angular.element(element).bind('error', function (err) {
                    var expressionFunc = $parse(attrs.fallback),
                        expressionResult,
                        imageUrl;

                    expressionResult = expressionFunc(scope);

                    if (typeof expressionResult === 'string') {
                        // The expression result is a string, use it as a url
                        imageUrl = expressionResult;
                    } else if (typeof expressionResult === 'object' && expressionResult instanceof Array) {
                        // The expression result is an array, grab an item from the array
                        // and use that as the image url
                        imageUrl = expressionResult[errorCount];
                    }

                    // Increment the error count so we can keep track
                    // of how many images we have tried
                    errorCount++;
                    angular.element(element).attr('src', imageUrl);
                });
            }
        };
    }])

Well, why don't you store the current selected value, and when the selected item is changed you will have the old value stored? (and you can update it again as you wish)

There is a good solution

if (AllocConsole() == 0)
{
    // Handle error here. Use ::GetLastError() to get the error.
}

// Redirect CRT standard input, output and error handles to the console window.
FILE * pNewStdout = nullptr;
FILE * pNewStderr = nullptr;
FILE * pNewStdin = nullptr;

::freopen_s(&pNewStdout, "CONOUT$", "w", stdout);
::freopen_s(&pNewStderr, "CONOUT$", "w", stderr);
::freopen_s(&pNewStdin, "CONIN$", "r", stdin);

// Clear the error state for all of the C++ standard streams. Attempting to accessing the streams before they refer
// to a valid target causes the stream to enter an error state. Clearing the error state will fix this problem,
// which seems to occur in newer version of Visual Studio even when the console has not been read from or written
// to yet.
std::cout.clear();
std::cerr.clear();
std::cin.clear();

std::wcout.clear();
std::wcerr.clear();
std::wcin.clear();

Standard input - this is the file handle that your process reads to get information from you.

Standard output - your process writes conventional output to this file handle.

Standard error - your process writes diagnostic output to this file handle.

That's about as dumbed-down as I can make it :-)

Of course, that's mostly by convention. There's nothing stopping you from writing your diagnostic information to standard output if you wish. You can even close the three file handles totally and open your own files for I/O.

When your process starts, it should already have these handles open and it can just read from and/or write to them.

By default, they're probably connected to your terminal device (e.g., /dev/tty) but shells will allow you to set up connections between these handles and specific files and/or devices (or even pipelines to other processes) before your process starts (some of the manipulations possible are rather clever).

An example being:

my_prog <inputfile 2>errorfile | grep XYZ

which will:

• create a process for my_prog.
• open inputfile as your standard input (file handle 0).
• open errorfile as your standard error (file handle 2).
• create another process for grep.
• attach the standard output of my_prog to the standard input of grep.

Re your comment:

When I open these files in /dev folder, how come I never get to see the output of a process running?

It's because they're not normal files. While UNIX presents everything as a file in a file system somewhere, that doesn't make it so at the lowest levels. Most files in the /dev hierarchy are either character or block devices, effectively a device driver. They don't have a size but they do have a major and minor device number.

When you open them, you're connected to the device driver rather than a physical file, and the device driver is smart enough to know that separate processes should be handled separately.

The same is true for the Linux /proc filesystem. Those aren't real files, just tightly controlled gateways to kernel information.

I found the below snippet helpful. Taken from: http://jeromeblog-jerome.blogspot.com/2007/10/how-to-unlock-record-on-oracle.html

select
owner||'.'||object_name obj ,
oracle_username||' ('||s.status||')' oruser ,
os_user_name osuser ,
machine computer ,
l.process unix ,
s.sid||','||s.serial# ss ,
r.name rs ,
to_char(s.logon_time,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') time
from v$locked_object l ,
dba_objects o ,
v$session s ,
v$transaction t ,
v$rollname r
where l.object_id = o.object_id
and s.sid=l.session_id
and s.taddr=t.addr
and t.xidusn=r.usn
order by osuser, ss, obj
;

Then ran:

Alter System Kill Session '<value from ss above>'
;

To kill individual sessions.

In most cases simply switching the virtual machine network adapter to bridged mode is enough to make the guest machine accessible from outside.

Sometimes it's possible for the guest machine to not automatically receive an IP which matches the host's IP range after switching to bridged mode (even after rebooting the guest machine). This is often caused by a malfunctioning or badly configured DHCP on the host network.

For example, if the host IP is 192.168.1.1 the guest machine needs to have an IP in the format 192.168.1.* where only the last group of numbers is allowed to be different from the host IP.

You can use a terminal (shell) and type ifconfig (ipconfig for Windows guests) to check what IP is assigned to the guest machine and change it if required.

If the host and guest IPs do not match simply setting a static IP for the guest machine explicitly should resolve the issue.

http://www.hcidata.info/base64.htm

Encoding "Mary had" to Base 64

In this example we are using a simple text string ("Mary had") but the principle holds no matter what the data is (e.g. graphics file). To convert each 24 bits of input data to 32 bits of output, Base 64 encoding splits the 24 bits into 4 chunks of 6 bits. The first problem we notice is that "Mary had" is not a multiple of 3 bytes - it is 8 bytes long. Because of this, the last group of bits is only 4 bits long. To remedy this we add two extra bits of '0' and remember this fact by putting a '=' at the end. If the text string to be converted to Base 64 was 7 bytes long, the last group would have had 2 bits. In this case we would have added four extra bits of '0' and remember this fact by putting '==' at the end.

no need for the padding or the corners.

here's a sample:

<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:shape="oval" >
    <gradient android:startColor="#FFFF0000" android:endColor="#80FF00FF"
        android:angle="270"/>
</shape>

based on :

https://stackoverflow.com/a/10104037/878126

You're looking for the .filter() function:

  $scope.appIds = $scope.applicationsHere.filter(function(obj) {
    return obj.selected;
  });

That'll produce an array that contains only those objects whose "selected" property is true (or truthy).

edit sorry I was getting some coffee and I missed the comments - yes, as jAndy noted in a comment, to filter and then pluck out just the "id" values, it'd be:

  $scope.appIds = $scope.applicationsHere.filter(function(obj) {
    return obj.selected;
  }).map(function(obj) { return obj.id; });

Some functional libraries (like Functional, which in my opinion doesn't get enough love) have a .pluck() function to extract property values from a list of objects, but native JavaScript has a pretty lean set of such tools.

Pillow is new version

PIL-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.x installers are available at

http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pil

Try downloading apache-jmeter-2.6.zip from http://www.apache.org/dist/jmeter/binaries/

This contains the proper ApacheJMeter.jar that is needed to initiate.

Go to bin folder in the command prompt and try java -jar ApacheJMeter.jar if the download is correct this should open the GUI.

Edit on 23/08/2018:

• The correct answer as of current modern JMeter versions is https://stackoverflow.com/a/51973791/460802

Use group_concat method in mysql

Simple use this to show the alert message box in code behind.

ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(this, this.GetType(), "script", "alert('Record Saved Sucessfully');", true);

Note that textarea[readonly="readonly"] works if you set readonly="readonly" in HTML but it does NOT work if you set the readOnly-attribute to true or "readonly" via JavaScript.

For the CSS selector to work if you set readOnly with JavaScript you have to use the selector textarea[readonly].

Same behavior in Firefox 14 and Chrome 20.

To be on the safe side, i use both selectors.

textarea[readonly="readonly"], textarea[readonly] {
...
}

You should be able to set your credentials like this:

git remote set-url origin https://<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@bitbucket.org/path/to/repo.git

You can get the remote url like this:

git config --get remote.origin.url

I'd like to plug in some (shallow) reasons I have experienced as follows:

1. we may have updated our dictionary(for NLP tasks) but the model and the prepared data used a different one.
2. we may have reprocessed our data(binary tf_record) but we loaded the old model. The reprocessed data may conflict with the previous one.
3. we may should train the model from scratch but we forgot to delete the checkpoints and the model loaded the latest parameters automatically.

Hope that helps.

Found this in another thread that helped me: Use xp_cmdshell and sqlcmd Is it possible to execute a text file from SQL query? - by Gulzar Nazim

EXEC xp_cmdshell  'sqlcmd -S ' + @DBServerName + ' -d  ' + @DBName + ' -i ' + @FilePathName

SevenZipSharp is another solution. Creates 7-zip archives...

You can use relative positioning to overlap your elements. However, the space they would normally occupy will still be reserved for the element:

<div style="background-color:#f00;width:200px;height:100px;">
    DEFAULT POSITIONED
</div>
<div style="background-color:#0f0;width:200px;height:100px;position:relative;top:-50px;left:50px;">
    RELATIVE POSITIONED
</div>
<div style="background-color:#00f;width:200px;height:100px;">
    DEFAULT POSITIONED
</div>

In the example above, there will be a block of white space between the two 'DEFAULT POSITIONED' elements. This is caused, because the 'RELATIVE POSITIONED' element still has it's space reserved.

If you use absolute positioning, your elements will not have any space reserved, so your element will actually overlap, without breaking your document:

<div style="background-color:#f00;width:200px;height:100px;">
    DEFAULT POSITIONED
</div>
<div style="background-color:#0f0;width:200px;height:100px;position:absolute;top:50px;left:50px;">
    ABSOLUTE POSITIONED
</div>
<div style="background-color:#00f;width:200px;height:100px;">
    DEFAULT POSITIONED
</div>

Finally, you can control which elements are on top of the others by using z-index:

<div style="z-index:10;background-color:#f00;width:200px;height:100px;">
    DEFAULT POSITIONED
</div>
<div style="z-index:5;background-color:#0f0;width:200px;height:100px;position:absolute;top:50px;left:50px;">
    ABSOLUTE POSITIONED
</div>
<div style="z-index:0;background-color:#00f;width:200px;height:100px;">
    DEFAULT POSITIONED
</div>

According to the man page of wget, there are a couple of options related to timeouts -- and there is a default read timeout of 900s -- so I say that, yes, it could timeout.

Here are the options in question :

-T seconds
--timeout=seconds

Set the network timeout to seconds seconds. This is equivalent to specifying --dns-timeout, --connect-timeout, and --read-timeout, all at the same time.

And for those three options :

--dns-timeout=seconds

Set the DNS lookup timeout to seconds seconds.
DNS lookups that don't complete within the specified time will fail.
By default, there is no timeout on DNS lookups, other than that implemented by system libraries.

--connect-timeout=seconds

Set the connect timeout to seconds seconds.
TCP connections that take longer to establish will be aborted.
By default, there is no connect timeout, other than that implemented by system libraries.

--read-timeout=seconds

Set the read (and write) timeout to seconds seconds.
The "time" of this timeout refers to idle time: if, at any point in the download, no data is received for more than the specified number of seconds, reading fails and the download is restarted.
This option does not directly affect the duration of the entire download.

I suppose using something like

wget -O - -q -t 1 --timeout=600 http://www.example.com/cron/run

should make sure there is no timeout before longer than the duration of your script.

(Yeah, that's probably the most brutal solution possible ^^ )

for (var k in target){
    if (target.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
         alert("Key is " + k + ", value is " + target[k]);
    }
}

hasOwnProperty is used to check if your target really has that property, rather than having inherited it from its prototype. A bit simpler would be:

for (var k in target){
    if (typeof target[k] !== 'function') {
         alert("Key is " + k + ", value is" + target[k]);
    }
}

It just checks that k is not a method (as if target is array you'll get a lot of methods alerted, e.g. indexOf, push, pop,etc.)

Don't overlook the preservation of white space. If you want to process 'fred flinstone' and you get 'Fred Flinstone' instead of 'Fred Flinstone', you've corrupted your white space. Some of the above solutions will lose white space. Here's a solution that's good for Python 2 and 3 and preserves white space.

def propercase(s):
    return ''.join(map(''.capitalize, re.split(r'(\s+)', s)))

If you don't want to implement your connector customizer, you can build and import the library (https://github.com/ycavatars/spring-boot-https-kit) which provides predefined connector customizer. According to the README, you only have to create your keystore, configure connector.https.*, import the library and add @ComponentScan("org.ycavatars.sboot.kit"). Then you'll have HTTPS connection.

Add this to you PHP file or main controller

header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://localhost:9000");

Safely returned default value via generics and LINQ.

public T ReadAppSetting<T>(string searchKey, T defaultValue, StringComparison compare = StringComparison.Ordinal)
{
    if (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.AllKeys.Any(key => string.Compare(key, searchKey, compare) == 0)) {
        try
        { // see if it can be converted.
            var converter = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(T));
            if (converter != null) defaultValue = (T)converter.ConvertFromString(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.GetValues(searchKey).First());
        }
        catch { } // nothing to do just return the defaultValue
    }
    return defaultValue;
}

Used as follows:

string LogFileName = ReadAppSetting("LogFile","LogFile");
double DefaultWidth = ReadAppSetting("Width",1280.0);
double DefaultHeight = ReadAppSetting("Height",1024.0);
Color DefaultColor = ReadAppSetting("Color",Colors.Black);

For writing:

 private <T> void storeData(String key, T data) {
    ByteArrayOutputStream serializedData = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

    try {
        ObjectOutputStream serializer = new ObjectOutputStream(serializedData);
        serializer.writeObject(data);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(TAG, 0);
    SharedPreferences.Editor edit = sharedPreferences.edit();

    edit.putString(key, Base64.encodeToString(serializedData.toByteArray(), Base64.DEFAULT));
    edit.commit();
}

For reading:

private <T> T getStoredData(String key) {
    SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(TAG, 0);
    String serializedData = sharedPreferences.getString(key, null);
    T storedData = null;
    try {
        ByteArrayInputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(Base64.decode(serializedData, Base64.DEFAULT));
        ObjectInputStream inputStream = new ObjectInputStream(input);
        storedData = (T)inputStream.readObject();
    } catch (IOException|ClassNotFoundException|java.lang.IllegalArgumentException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return storedData;
}

The error is indeed fixed by inserting this with a type annotation as the first callback parameter. My attempt to do that was botched by simultaneously changing the callback into an arrow-function:

foo.on('error', (this: Foo, err: any) => { // DON'T DO THIS

It should've been this:

foo.on('error', function(this: Foo, err: any) {

or this:

foo.on('error', function(this: typeof foo, err: any) {

A GitHub issue was created to improve the compiler's error message and highlight the actual grammar error with this and arrow-functions.

In order to move to D drive in windows use, C:\Users\Balaji>d:

In order to move to E drive use, C:\Users\Balaji>e:

same will be applicable for other drives.

For comprehensive SFTP support in .NET try edtFTPnet/PRO. It's been around a long time with support for many different SFTP servers.

We also sell an SFTP server for Windows, CompleteFTP, which is an inexpensive way to get support for SFTP on your Windows machine. Also has FTP and FTPS.

As the main question:

Anybody know why this is not allowed?

is still not answered, I did a quick search and found a relatively new addition from a MySQL developer at MySQL Bugs:

[17 Mar 2017 15:11] Ståle Deraas

Posted by developer:

This is indeed a valid feature request, and at first glance it might seem trivial to add. But TEXT/BLOBS values are not stored directly in the record buffer used for reading/updating tables. So it is a bit more complex to assign default values for them.

This is no definite answer, but at least a starting point for the why question.

In the mean time, I'll just code around it and either make the column nullable or explicitly assign a (default '') value for each insert from the application code...

Since we are talking about having every element exactly once, a "set" makes more sense to me.

Example with classes and IEqualityComparer implemented:

 public class Product
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public Product(int x, string y)
        {
            Id = x;
            Name = y;
        }
    }

    public class ProductCompare : IEqualityComparer<Product>
    {
        public bool Equals(Product x, Product y)
        {  //Check whether the compared objects reference the same data.
            if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, y)) return true;

            //Check whether any of the compared objects is null.
            if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, null) || Object.ReferenceEquals(y, null))
                return false;

            //Check whether the products' properties are equal.
            return x.Id == y.Id && x.Name == y.Name;
        }
        public int GetHashCode(Product product)
        {
            //Check whether the object is null
            if (Object.ReferenceEquals(product, null)) return 0;

            //Get hash code for the Name field if it is not null.
            int hashProductName = product.Name == null ? 0 : product.Name.GetHashCode();

            //Get hash code for the Code field.
            int hashProductCode = product.Id.GetHashCode();

            //Calculate the hash code for the product.
            return hashProductName ^ hashProductCode;
        }
    }

Now

List<Product> originalList = new List<Product> {new Product(1, "ad"), new Product(1, "ad")};
var setList = new HashSet<Product>(originalList, new ProductCompare()).ToList();

setList will have unique elements

I thought of this while dealing with .Except() which returns a set-difference

Try following if your looking for while loop implementation.

List<String> myString = new ArrayList<String>();

// How you add your data in string list
myString.add("Test 1");
myString.add("Test 2");
myString.add("Test 3");
myString.add("Test 4");

int i = 0;
while (i < myString.size()) {
    System.out.println(myString.get(i));
    i++;
}

Another simple way would be using a root explorer app on your phone.

Then go to /data/data/package name/shared preferences folder/name of your preferences.xml, you can use ES File explorer, and go to the root of your device, not sd card.

To remove rows based on Nan value of particular column:

d= pd.DataFrame([[2,3],[4,None]])   #creating data frame
d
Output:
    0   1
0   2   3.0
1   4   NaN

d = d[np.isfinite(d[1])]  #Select rows where value of 1st column is not nan
d

Output:
    0   1
0   2   3.0

To change the stacking order for series in charts under Excel for Mac 2011:

1. select the chart,
2. select the series (easiest under Ribbon>Chart Layout>Current Selection),
3. click Chart Layout>Format Selection or Menu>Format>Data Series …,
4. on popup menu Format Data Series click Order, then click individual series and click Move Up or Move Down buttons to adjust the stacking order on the Axis for the subject series. This changes the order for the plot and for the legend, but may not change the order number in the Series formula.

I had a three series plot on the secondary axis, and the series I wanted on top was stuck on the bottom in defiance of the Move Up and Move Down buttons. It happened to be formatted as markers only. I inserted a line, and presto(!), I could change its order in the plot. Later I could remove the line and sometimes it could still be ordered, but sometimes not.

UPDATE table
SET A = IF(A > 0 AND A < 1, 1, IF(A > 1 AND A < 2, 2, A))
WHERE A IS NOT NULL;

you might want to use CEIL() if A is always a floating point value > 0 and <= 2

For php5 on Ubuntu 14.04

sudo apt-get install php5-intl

For php7 on Ubuntu 16.04

sudo apt-get install php7.0-intl

For php7.2 on Ubuntu 18.04

sudo apt-get install php7.2-intl

Anyway restart your apache after

sudo service apache2 restart

IMPORTANT NOTE: Keep in mind that your php in your terminal/command line has NOTHING todo with the php used by the apache webserver!

If the extension is already installed you should try to enable it. Either in the php.ini file or from command line.

Syntax:

php:

phpenmod [mod name]

apache:

a2enmod [mod name]

A couple of issues arise when trying to reload/source ~/.profile file. [This refers to Ubuntu linux - in some cases the details of the commands will be different]

1. Are you running this directly in terminal or in a script?
2. How do you run this in a script?

Ad. 1)

Running this directly in terminal means that there will be no subshell created. So you can use either two commands:

source ~/.bash_profile

or

. ~/.bash_profile

In both cases this will update the environment with the contents of .profile file.

Ad 2) You can start any bash script either by calling

sh myscript.sh 

or

. myscript.sh

In the first case this will create a subshell that will not affect the environment variables of your system and they will be visible only to the subshell process. After finishing the subshell command none of the exports etc. will not be applied. THIS IS A COMMON MISTAKE AND CAUSES A LOT OF DEVELOPERS TO LOSE A LOT OF TIME.

In order for your changes applied in your script to have effect for the global environment the script has to be run with

.myscript.sh

command.

In order to make sure that you script is not runned in a subshel you can use this function. (Again example is for Ubuntu shell)

#/bin/bash

preventSubshell(){
  if [[ $_ != $0 ]]
  then
    echo "Script is being sourced"
  else
    echo "Script is a subshell - please run the script by invoking . script.sh command";
    exit 1;
  fi
}

I hope this clears some of the common misunderstandings! :D Good Luck!

We can answer this according to java standard

Referring to JSR-330, which is now supported by spring, you can only use @Named to define a bean (Somehow @Named=@Component). So according to this standard, there seems that there is no use to define stereotypes (like @Repository, @Service, @Controller) to categories beans.

But spring user these different annotations in different for the specific use, for example:

1. Help developers define a better category for the competent. This categorizing may become helpful in some cases. (For example when you are using aspect-oriented, these can be a good candidate for pointcuts)
2. @Repository annotation will add some functionality to your bean (some automatic exception translation to your bean persistence layer).
3. If you are using spring MVC, the @RequestMapping can only be added to classes which are annotated by @Controller.

You can try it by adding  

Had the same problem. I was passing a non-const reference of custom class and the constructor complained (some tuple template errors). Replaced the reference with pointer and it worked.

You can use the set() function to convert an iterable into a set, and then use standard set update operator (|=) to add the unique values from your new set into the existing one.

>>> a = { 1, 2, 3 }
>>> b = ( 3, 4, 5 )
>>> a |= set(b)
>>> a
set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

this is my take on a random number in a range, as in I wanted to get a random number within a range of base to exponent. e.g. base = 10, exponent = 2, gives a random number from 0 to 100, ideally, and so on.

if it helps use it, here it is:

// get random number within provided base + exponent
// by Goran Biljetina --> 2012

function isEmpty(value){
    return (typeof value === "undefined" || value === null);
}
var numSeq = new Array();
function add(num,seq){
    var toAdd = new Object();
     toAdd.num = num;
     toAdd.seq = seq;
     numSeq[numSeq.length] = toAdd;
}
function fillNumSeq (num,seq){
    var n;
    for(i=0;i<=seq;i++){
        n = Math.pow(num,i);
        add(n,i);
    }
}
function getRandNum(base,exp){
    if (isEmpty(base)){
        console.log("Specify value for base parameter");
    }
    if (isEmpty(exp)){
        console.log("Specify value for exponent parameter");
    }
    fillNumSeq(base,exp);
    var emax;
    var eseq;
    var nseed;
    var nspan;
    emax = (numSeq.length);
    eseq = Math.floor(Math.random()*emax)+1;
    nseed = numSeq[eseq].num;
    nspan = Math.floor((Math.random())*(Math.random()*nseed))+1;
    return Math.floor(Math.random()*nspan)+1;
}

console.log(getRandNum(10,20),numSeq);
//testing:
//getRandNum(-10,20);
//console.log(getRandNum(-10,20),numSeq);
//console.log(numSeq);

You better use array_shift(). That will return the first element of the array, remove it from the array and re-index the array. All in one efficient method.

Using Function || stateless component

Parent Component

 import React from "react";
 import ChildComponent from "./childComponent";

 export default function Parent(){

 const handleParentFun = (value) =>{
   console.log("Call to Parent Component!",value);
 }
 return (<>
           This is Parent Component
           <ChildComponent 
             handleParentFun={(value)=>{
               console.log("your value -->",value);
               handleParentFun(value);
             }}
           />
        </>);
}

Child Component

import React from "react";


export default function ChildComponent(props){
  return(
         <> This is Child Component 
          <button onClick={props.handleParentFun("YoureValue")}>
            Call to Parent Component Function
          </button>
         </>
        );
}

Here is another example that return's a boolean value using try/catch.

private boolean doSomeThing(int index){
    try {
        if(index%2==0) 
            return true; 
    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
    }finally {
        System.out.println("Finally!!! ;) ");
    }
    return false; 
}

Below is an example of a method in a Java controller.

@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public HttpStatus something(@RequestBody MyModel myModel) 
{
    return HttpStatus.OK;
}

By using @RequestBody annotation you will get your values mapped with the model you created in your system for handling any specific call. While by using @ResponseBody you can send anything back to the place from where the request was generated. Both things will be mapped easily without writing any custom parser etc.

function filesModelDirective(){
  return {
    controller: function($parse, $element, $attrs, $scope){
      var exp = $parse($attrs.filesModel);
      $element.on('change', function(){
        exp.assign($scope, this.files[0]);
        $scope.$apply();
      });
    }
  };
}
app.directive('filesModel', filesModelDirective);

Please look at the weightSum of LinearLayout and the layout_weight of each View. android:weightSum="4" android:layout_weight="2" android:layout_weight="2" Their layout_height are both 0px, but I am not sure it is relevan

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:weightSum="4">

<fragment android:name="com.example.SettingFragment"
    android:id="@+id/settingFragment"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="0px"
    android:layout_weight="2"
    />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/dummy_button"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="0px"
    android:layout_weight="2"
    android:text="DUMMY"
    />
</LinearLayout>

Try this to find de intersection, the keys that is in both dictionarie, if you want the keys not found on second dictionarie, just use the not in...

intersect = filter(lambda x, dictB=dictB.keys(): x in dictB, dictA.keys())

This is an interesting question, i just want to give another angle by adding a little more info.You can understand why an exception is thrown if you see how static methods operate. These methods can manipulate either static data, local data or data that is sent to it as a parameter.why? because static method can be accessed by any object, from anywhere. So, there can be security issues posed or there can be leaks of information if it can use instance variables.Hence the compiler has to throw such a case out of consideration.

Sub HighlightSpecificValue()

'PURPOSE: Highlight all cells containing a specified values


Dim fnd As String, FirstFound As String
Dim FoundCell As Range, rng As Range
Dim myRange As Range, LastCell As Range

'What value do you want to find?
  fnd = InputBox("I want to hightlight cells containing...", "Highlight")

    'End Macro if Cancel Button is Clicked or no Text is Entered
      If fnd = vbNullString Then Exit Sub

Set myRange = ActiveSheet.UsedRange
Set LastCell = myRange.Cells(myRange.Cells.Count)

enter code here
Set FoundCell = myRange.Find(what:=fnd, after:=LastCell)

'Test to see if anything was found
  If Not FoundCell Is Nothing Then
    FirstFound = FoundCell.Address

  Else
    GoTo NothingFound
  End If

Set rng = FoundCell

'Loop until cycled through all unique finds
  Do Until FoundCell Is Nothing
    'Find next cell with fnd value
      Set FoundCell = myRange.FindNext(after:=FoundCell)







    'Add found cell to rng range variable
      Set rng = Union(rng, FoundCell)

    'Test to see if cycled through to first found cell
      If FoundCell.Address = FirstFound Then Exit Do


  Loop

'Highlight Found cells yellow

  rng.Interior.Color = RGB(255, 255, 0)

  Dim fnd1 As String
  fnd1 = "Rah"
  'Condition highlighting

  Set FoundCell = myRange.FindNext(after:=FoundCell)



  If FoundCell.Value("rah") Then
      rng.Interior.Color = RGB(255, 0, 0)

  ElseIf FoundCell.Value("Nav") Then

    rng.Interior.Color = RGB(0, 0, 255)



    End If





'Report Out Message
  MsgBox rng.Cells.Count & " cell(s) were found containing: " & fnd

Exit Sub

'Error Handler
NothingFound:
  MsgBox "No cells containing: " & fnd & " were found in this worksheet"

End Sub

I use this on my macbook:

" configure expanding of tabs for various file types
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.py set expandtab
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.c set expandtab
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.h set expandtab
au BufRead,BufNewFile Makefile* set noexpandtab

" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" configure editor with tabs and nice stuff...
" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set expandtab           " enter spaces when tab is pressed
set textwidth=120       " break lines when line length increases
set tabstop=4           " use 4 spaces to represent tab
set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4        " number of spaces to use for auto indent
set autoindent          " copy indent from current line when starting a new line

" make backspaces more powerfull
set backspace=indent,eol,start

set ruler                           " show line and column number
syntax on               " syntax highlighting
set showcmd             " show (partial) command in status line

(edited to only show stuff related to indent / tabs)

You can get the column names from a DataReader.

Here is the important part:

  for (int col = 0; col < SqlReader.FieldCount; col++)
  {
    Console.Write(SqlReader.GetName(col).ToString());         // Gets the column name
    Console.Write(SqlReader.GetFieldType(col).ToString());    // Gets the column type
    Console.Write(SqlReader.GetDataTypeName(col).ToString()); // Gets the column database type
  }

To get country code

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

public String makeServiceCall() {
    String response = null;
    String reqUrl = "https://ipinfo.io/country";
    try {
        URL url = new URL(reqUrl);
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
        // read the response
        InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(conn.getInputStream());
        response = convertStreamToString(in);
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "MalformedURLException: " + e.getMessage());
    } catch (ProtocolException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "ProtocolException: " + e.getMessage());
    } catch (IOException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "IOException: " + e.getMessage());
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "Exception: " + e.getMessage());
    }
    return response;
}

I spent time finding a proper way. This may be useful for others.

Create a UDF and refer in the query -

http://www.geekzilla.co.uk/view5C09B52C-4600-4B66-9DD7-DCE840D64CBD.htm

To further simplify B T's answer: Use refresh tokens when you don't typically want the user to have to type in credentials again, but still want the power to be able to revoke the permissions (by revoking the refresh token)

You cannot revoke an access token, only a refresh token.

Its is not necessary to store commands in variables even as you need to use it later. just execute it as per normal. If you store in variable, you would need some kind of eval statement or invoke some unnecessary shell process to "execute your variable".

Note my use of t.format comes from using Moment.js, it is not part of JavaScript's standard Date prototype.

A Unix timestamp is the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.

The presence of the +0200 means the numeric string is not a Unix timestamp as it contains timezone adjustment information. You need to handle that separately.

If your timestamp string is in milliseconds, then you can use the milliseconds constructor and Moment.js to format the date into a string:

var t = new Date( 1370001284000 );
var formatted = t.format("dd.mm.yyyy hh:MM:ss");

If your timestamp string is in seconds, then use setSeconds:

var t = new Date();
t.setSeconds( 1370001284 );
var formatted = t.format("dd.mm.yyyy hh:MM:ss");

There is all you need:

expected bytes, not str

The leading b makes your string binary.

What version of Python do you use? 2.x or 3.x?

Edit: See http://docs.python.org/release/3.0.1/whatsnew/3.0.html#text-vs-data-instead-of-unicode-vs-8-bit for the gory details of strings in Python 3.x

1. Visual Studio 2010 Professional SP1.
2. .NET Framework 4 Client Profile.
3. PNG image added as resource on project properties.
4. New file in Resources folder automatically created.
5. Build action set to resource.

This worked for me:

<BitmapImage x:Key="MyImageSource" UriSource="Resources/Image.png" />

Python installation folder > Lib > idlelib > idle.pyw

Double click on it and you're good to go.

Because if people can get at your object instance (ie: your this) pointer, then they can also try to lock that same object. Now they might not be aware that you're locking on this internally, so this may cause problems (possibly a deadlock)

In addition to this, it's also bad practice, because it's locking "too much"

For example, you might have a member variable of List<int>, and the only thing you actually need to lock is that member variable. If you lock the entire object in your functions, then other things which call those functions will be blocked waiting for the lock. If those functions don't need to access the member list, you'll be causing other code to wait and slow down your application for no reason at all.

I experienced the same problem while trying to write a code concerning Speech_to_Text.

The solution was very simple. Uninstall the previous pywin32 using the pip method

pip uninstall pywin32

The above will remove the existing one which is by default for 32 bit computers. And install it again using

pip install pywin32

This will install the one for the 64 bit computer which you are using.

In clean Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, MariaDB root login for localhost changed from password style to sudo login style...

so, just do

sudo mysql -u root

since we want to login with password, create another user 'user'

in MariaDB console... (you get in MariaDB console with 'sudo mysql -u root')

use mysql
CREATE USER 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword';
\q

then in bash shell prompt,

mysql-workbench

and you can login with 'user' with 'yourpassword' on localhost

In addition to configuration changes on your WWW server to handle the new subdomain, your code would need to be making changes to your DNS records. So, unless you're running your own BIND (or similar), you'll need to figure out how to access your name server provider's configuration. If they don't offer some sort of API, this might get tricky.

Update: yes, I would check with your registrar if they're also providing the name server service (as is often the case). I've never explored this option before but I suspect most of the consumer registrars do not. I Googled for GoDaddy APIs and GoDaddy DNS APIs but wasn't able to turn anything up, so I guess the best option would be to check out the online help with your provider, and if that doesn't answer the question, get a hold of their support staff.

Some comments on your code

• why would you want to have 2 for loops like for(i='A';i<='Z';i++), if you can check this with a simple if statement ... you loop over a whole range while you can simply check whether it is contained in that range
• even when you found your answer (for example when input is A you will have your result the first time you enter the first loop) you still loop over all the rest
• your System.out.println("Lowercase"); statement (and the uppercase statement) are placed in the wrong loop
• If you are allowed to use it, I suggest to look at the Character class which has for example nice isUpperCase and isLowerCase methods

I leave the rest up to you since it is homework

In my case (curl 7.47.0), it is because I set the header content-length on curl command manually with a value which is calculated by postman (I used postman to generate curl command parameters and copy them to shell). After I delete header content-length, it works normally.

You can delete the folder itself, as well as all its contents, using shutil.rmtree:

import shutil
shutil.rmtree('/path/to/folder')

shutil.rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None)

Delete an entire directory tree; path must point to a directory (but not a symbolic link to a directory). If ignore_errors is true, errors resulting from failed removals will be ignored; if false or omitted, such errors are handled by calling a handler specified by onerror or, if that is omitted, they raise an exception.

I have opened a pull request to Please.js that allows generating a color from a hash.

You can map the string to a color like so:

const color = Please.make_color({
    from_hash: "any string goes here"
});

For example, "any string goes here" will return as "#47291b"
and "another!" returns as "#1f0c3d"

You could create your own .xml animation files to fade in a new Activity and fade out the current Activity:

fade_in.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<alpha xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
           android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_interpolator"
           android:fromAlpha="0.0" android:toAlpha="1.0"
           android:duration="500" />

fade_out.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<alpha xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
           android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_interpolator"
           android:fromAlpha="1.0" android:toAlpha="0.0"
           android:fillAfter="true"
           android:duration="500" />

Use it in code like that: (Inside your Activity)

Intent i = new Intent(this, NewlyStartedActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
overridePendingTransition(R.anim.fade_in, R.anim.fade_out);

The above code will fade out the currently active Activity and fade in the newly started Activity resulting in a smooth transition.

UPDATE: @Dan J pointed out that using the built in Android animations improves performance, which I indeed found to be the case after doing some testing. If you prefer working with the built in animations, use:

overridePendingTransition(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);

Notice me referencing android.R instead of R to access the resource id.

UPDATE: It is now common practice to perform transitions using the Transition class introduced in API level 19.

I shall not repeat the same answer on Copy-on-Write. I think Andrew's answer and Charlie's answer have already made it very clear. I will give you an example from OS world, just to mention how widely this concept is used.

We can use fork() or vfork() to create a new process. vfork follows the concept of copy-on-write. For example, the child process created by vfork will share the data and code segment with the parent process. This speeds up the forking time. It is expected to use vfork if you are performing exec followed by vfork. So vfork will create the child process which will share data and code segment with its parent but when we call exec, it will load up the image of a new executable in the address space of the child process.

Will it warn you if you pass a 32-bit unsigned integer to a %lu format? It should be fine since the conversion is well-defined and doesn't lose any information.

I've heard that some platforms define macros in <inttypes.h> that you can insert into the format string literal but I don't see that header on my Windows C++ compiler, which implies it may not be cross-platform.

Configuring a working email client from localhost is quite a chore, I have spent hours of frustration attempting it. At last I have found this way to send mails (using WAMP, XAMPP, etc.):

Install hMailServer

Configure this hMailServer setting:

1. Open hMailServer Administrator.
2. Click the "Add domain ..." button to create a new domain.
3. Under the domain text field, enter your computer's localhost IP.
   • Example: 127.0.0.1 is your localhost IP.
4. Click the "Save" button.
5. Now go to Settings > Protocols > SMTP and select the "Delivery of Email" tab.
6. Find the localhost field enter "localhost".
7. Click the Save button.

Configure your Gmail account, perform following modification:

1. Go to Settings > Protocols > SMTP and select "Delivery of Email" tab.
2. Enter "smtp.gmail.com" in the Remote Host name field.
3. Enter "465" as the port number.
4. Check "Server requires authentication".
5. Enter your Google Mail address in the Username field.
6. Enter your Google Mail password in the password field.
7. Check mark "Use SSL"
8. Save all changes.

Optional

If you want to send email from another computer you need to allow deliveries from External to External accounts by following steps:

1. Go to Settings > Advanced > IP Ranges and double click on "My Computer" which should have IP address of 127.0.0.1
2. Check the Allow Deliveries from External to External accounts Checkbox.
3. Save settings using Save button.

If all you're doing is keeping a boolean isEven then you can consider checking if a class isEven is on the element then toggling that class.

Using a shared variable like count is kind of bad practice. Ask yourself what is the scope of that variable, think of if you had 10 items that you'd want to toggle on your page, would you create 10 variables, or an array or variables to store their state? Probably not.

Edit:
jQuery has a switchClass method that, when combined with hasClass can be used to animate between the two width you have defined. This is favourable because you can change these sizes later in your stylesheet or add other parameters, like background-color or margin, to transition.

You can loop through all directories including hidden directrories (beginning with a dot) with:

for file in */ .*/ ; do echo "$file is a directory"; done

note: using the list */ .*/ works in zsh only if there exist at least one hidden directory in the folder. In bash it will show also . and ..

Another possibility for bash to include hidden directories would be to use:

shopt -s dotglob;
for file in */ ; do echo "$file is a directory"; done

If you want to exclude symlinks:

for file in */ ; do 
  if [[ -d "$file" && ! -L "$file" ]]; then
    echo "$file is a directory"; 
  fi; 
done

To output only the trailing directory name (A,B,C as questioned) in each solution use this within the loops:

file="${file%/}"     # strip trailing slash
file="${file##*/}"   # strip path and leading slash
echo "$file is the directoryname without slashes"

Example (this also works with directories which contains spaces):

mkdir /tmp/A /tmp/B /tmp/C "/tmp/ dir with spaces"
for file in /tmp/*/ ; do file="${file%/}"; echo "${file##*/}"; done

You can retrieve information about the version of your JBoss EAP installation by running the same script used to start the server with the -V switch. For Linux and Unix installations this script is run.sh and on Microsoft Windows installations it is run.bat. Regardless of platform the script is located in $JBOSS_HOME/bin. Using these scripts to actually start your server is dealt with in Chapter 4, Launching the JBoss EAP Server.

Do you plan to have a squared UIView of width: 100 and Height: 100 centered inside the UIView of an UIViewController? If so, you may try one of the 6 following Auto Layout styles (Swift 5 / iOS 12.2):

1. Using NSLayoutConstraint initializer

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView()
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)

    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    let horizontalConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
    let verticalConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
    let widthConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.width, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: nil, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 100)
    let heightConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.height, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: nil, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 100)
    view.addConstraints([horizontalConstraint, verticalConstraint, widthConstraint, heightConstraint])
}

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView()
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)

    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    let horizontalConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
    let verticalConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
    let widthConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.width, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: nil, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 100)
    let heightConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.height, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: nil, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 100)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate([horizontalConstraint, verticalConstraint, widthConstraint, heightConstraint])
}

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView()
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)

    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, multiplier: 1, constant: 0).isActive = true
    NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, multiplier: 1, constant: 0).isActive = true
    NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.width, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: nil, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 100).isActive = true
    NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.height, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: nil, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 100).isActive = true
}

2. Using Visual Format Language

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView()
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)

    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    let views = ["view": view!, "newView": newView]
    let horizontalConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "H:[view]-(<=0)-[newView(100)]", options: NSLayoutConstraint.FormatOptions.alignAllCenterY, metrics: nil, views: views)
    let verticalConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "V:[view]-(<=0)-[newView(100)]", options: NSLayoutConstraint.FormatOptions.alignAllCenterX, metrics: nil, views: views)
    view.addConstraints(horizontalConstraints)
    view.addConstraints(verticalConstraints)
}

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView()
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)

    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    let views = ["view": view!, "newView": newView]
    let horizontalConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "H:[view]-(<=0)-[newView(100)]", options: NSLayoutConstraint.FormatOptions.alignAllCenterY, metrics: nil, views: views)
    let verticalConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "V:[view]-(<=0)-[newView(100)]", options: NSLayoutConstraint.FormatOptions.alignAllCenterX, metrics: nil, views: views)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate(horizontalConstraints)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate(verticalConstraints)
}

3. Using a mix of NSLayoutConstraint initializer and Visual Format Language

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView()
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)

    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    let views = ["newView": newView]
    let widthConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "H:[newView(100)]", options: NSLayoutConstraint.FormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: nil, views: views)
    let heightConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "V:[newView(100)]", options: NSLayoutConstraint.FormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: nil, views: views)
    let horizontalConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
    let verticalConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
    view.addConstraints(widthConstraints)
    view.addConstraints(heightConstraints)
    view.addConstraints([horizontalConstraint, verticalConstraint])
}

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView()
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)

    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    let views = ["newView": newView]
    let widthConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "H:[newView(100)]", options: NSLayoutConstraint.FormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: nil, views: views)
    let heightConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "V:[newView(100)]", options: NSLayoutConstraint.FormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: nil, views: views)
    let horizontalConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
    let verticalConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate(widthConstraints)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate(heightConstraints)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate([horizontalConstraint, verticalConstraint])
}

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView()
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)

    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    let views = ["newView": newView]
    let widthConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "H:[newView(100)]", options: NSLayoutConstraint.FormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: nil, views: views)
    let heightConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "V:[newView(100)]", options: NSLayoutConstraint.FormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: nil, views: views)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate(widthConstraints)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate(heightConstraints)
    NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerX, multiplier: 1, constant: 0).isActive = true
    NSLayoutConstraint(item: newView, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, relatedBy: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation.equal, toItem: view, attribute: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute.centerY, multiplier: 1, constant: 0).isActive = true
}

4. Using UIView.AutoresizingMask

Note: Springs and Struts will be translated into corresponding auto layout constraints at runtime.

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 100))
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)

    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = true
    newView.center = CGPoint(x: view.bounds.midX, y: view.bounds.midY)
    newView.autoresizingMask = [UIView.AutoresizingMask.flexibleLeftMargin, UIView.AutoresizingMask.flexibleRightMargin, UIView.AutoresizingMask.flexibleTopMargin, UIView.AutoresizingMask.flexibleBottomMargin]
}

5. Using NSLayoutAnchor

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView()
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)
    
    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    let horizontalConstraint = newView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerXAnchor)
    let verticalConstraint = newView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerYAnchor)
    let widthConstraint = newView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100)
    let heightConstraint = newView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100)
    view.addConstraints([horizontalConstraint, verticalConstraint, widthConstraint, heightConstraint])
}

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView()
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)
    
    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    let horizontalConstraint = newView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerXAnchor)
    let verticalConstraint = newView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerYAnchor)
    let widthConstraint = newView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100)
    let heightConstraint = newView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate([horizontalConstraint, verticalConstraint, widthConstraint, heightConstraint])
}

override func viewDidLoad() {
    let newView = UIView()
    newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    view.addSubview(newView)
    
    newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    newView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerXAnchor).isActive = true
    newView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerYAnchor).isActive = true
    newView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100).isActive = true
    newView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100).isActive = true
}

6. Using intrinsicContentSize and NSLayoutAnchor

import UIKit

class CustomView: UIView {
    
    override var intrinsicContentSize: CGSize {
        return CGSize(width: 100, height: 100)
    }
    
}

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        let newView = CustomView()
        newView.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
        view.addSubview(newView)
        
        newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        let horizontalConstraint = newView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerXAnchor)
        let verticalConstraint = newView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerYAnchor)
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([horizontalConstraint, verticalConstraint])
    }
    
}

Result:

Try to follow the advice you see on the screen, and first reset your master's HEAD to the commit it expects.

git update-ref refs/heads/master b918ac16a33881ce00799bea63d9c23bf7022d67

Then, abort the rebase again.

you should try this:

document.documentElement.outerHTML

The following works for me:

composer update --no-scripts

For me / had to be in a new line.

For example

create type emp_t;/

didn't work

but

create type emp_t;

/

worked.

For ease of implementation, it's hard to beat naively searching through an array. Aside from some error checking, this is a complete implementation (untested).

typedef struct dict_entry_s {
    const char *key;
    int value;
} dict_entry_s;

typedef struct dict_s {
    int len;
    int cap;
    dict_entry_s *entry;
} dict_s, *dict_t;

int dict_find_index(dict_t dict, const char *key) {
    for (int i = 0; i < dict->len; i++) {
        if (!strcmp(dict->entry[i], key)) {
            return i;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

int dict_find(dict_t dict, const char *key, int def) {
    int idx = dict_find_index(dict, key);
    return idx == -1 ? def : dict->entry[idx].value;
}

void dict_add(dict_t dict, const char *key, int value) {
   int idx = dict_find_index(dict, key);
   if (idx != -1) {
       dict->entry[idx].value = value;
       return;
   }
   if (dict->len == dict->cap) {
       dict->cap *= 2;
       dict->entry = realloc(dict->entry, dict->cap * sizeof(dict_entry_s));
   }
   dict->entry[dict->len].key = strdup(key);
   dict->entry[dict->len].value = value;
   dict->len++;
}

dict_t dict_new(void) {
    dict_s proto = {0, 10, malloc(10 * sizeof(dict_entry_s))};
    dict_t d = malloc(sizeof(dict_s));
    *d = proto;
    return d;
}

void dict_free(dict_t dict) {
    for (int i = 0; i < dict->len; i++) {
        free(dict->entry[i].key);
    }
    free(dict->entry);
    free(dict);
}

I find a problem with the getDate()/setDate() method is that it too easily turns everything into milliseconds, and the syntax is sometimes hard for me to follow.

Instead I like to work off the fact that 1 day = 86,400,000 milliseconds.

So, for your particular question:

today = new Date()
days = 86400000 //number of milliseconds in a day
fiveDaysAgo = new Date(today - (5*days))

Works like a charm.

I use this method all the time for doing rolling 30/60/365 day calculations.

You can easily extrapolate this to create units of time for months, years, etc.

I think that for your purpose Flex could work better than Container():

new Flex(
    direction: Axis.vertical,
    children: <Widget>[
      Image.asset(asset.background)
    ],
   )

A stack is a collection of elements, which can be stored and retrieved one at a time. Elements are retrieved in reverse order of their time of storage, i.e. the latest element stored is the next element to be retrieved. A stack is sometimes referred to as a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) or First-In-Last-Out (FILO) structure. Elements previously stored cannot be retrieved until the latest element (usually referred to as the 'top' element) has been retrieved.

A queue is a collection of elements, which can be stored and retrieved one at a time. Elements are retrieved in order of their time of storage, i.e. the first element stored is the next element to be retrieved. A queue is sometimes referred to as a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) or Last-In-Last-Out (LILO) structure. Elements subsequently stored cannot be retrieved until the first element (usually referred to as the 'front' element) has been retrieved.

Use FlexBox CSS

Flexbox is a perfect fit for this type of problem. While mostly known for laying out content in the horizontal direction, Flexbox actually works just as well for vertical layout problems. All you have to do is wrap the vertical sections in a flex container and choose which ones you want to expand. They’ll automatically take up all the available space in their container.

From the documentation, you can apparently use either command to keep the file in the project history. Looks like you want remove, since it also deletes the file from the working directory.

From the Mercurial book at http://hgbook.red-bean.com/read/:

Removing a file does not affect its history. It is important to understand that removing a file has only two effects. It removes the current version of the file from the working directory. It stops Mercurial from tracking changes to the file, from the time of the next commit. Removing a file does not in any way alter the history of the file.

The man page hg(1) says this about forget:

Mark the specified files so they will no longer be tracked after the next commit. This only removes files from the current branch, not from the entire project history, and it does not delete them from the working directory.

And this about remove:

Schedule the indicated files for removal from the repository. This only removes files from the current branch, not from the entire project history.

I had the same problem and none of the answers here I tried worked for me either. I am using Intellij and I had checked out a new branch git checkout -b minimalExample to create a "minimal example" on the new branch of some issue by deleting a bunch of files and modifying a bunch of others in the project. Unfortunately, even though I didn't commit any of the changes on the new "minimal example" branch, when I checked out my "original" branch again all of the changes and deletions from the "minimal example" branch had happened in the "original" branch too (or so it appeared). According to git status the deleted files were just gone from both branches.

Fortunately, even though Intellij had warned me "deleting these files may not be fully recoverable", I was able to restore them (on the minimal example branch from which they had actually been deleted) by right-clicking on the project and selecting Local History > Show History (and then Restore on the most recent history item I wanted). After Intellij restored the files in the "minimal example" branch, I pushed the branch to origin. Then I switched back to my "original" local branch and ran git pull origin minimalExample to get them back in the "original" branch too.

After searching a lot I find out that it is possible to create a new folder from the web interface, but it would require you to have at least one file within the folder when creating it.

When using the normal way of creating new files through the web interface, you can type in the folder into the file name to create the file within that new directory.

For example, if I would like to create the file filename.md in a series of sub-folders, I can do this (taken from the GitHub blog):

That response is a Map, with a single element with key '212315952136472'. There's no 'data' key in the Map. If you want to loop through all entries, use something like this:

JSONObject userJson = JSON.parse(jsonResponse)
userJson.each { id, data -> println data.link }

If you know it's a single-element Map then you can directly access the link:

def data = userJson.values().iterator().next()
String link = data.link

And if you knew the id (e.g. if you used it to make the request) then you can access the value more concisely:

String id = '212315952136472'
...
String link = userJson[id].link

append on an ndarray is ambiguous; to which axis do you want to append the data? Without knowing precisely what your data looks like, I can only provide an example using numpy.concatenate that I hope will help:

import numpy as np

pixels = np.array([[3,3]])
pix = [4,4]
pixels = np.concatenate((pixels,[pix]),axis=0)

# [[3 3]
#  [4 4]]

A Mutex is a mutually exclusive flag. It acts as a gate keeper to a section of code allowing one thread in and blocking access to all others. This ensures that the code being controled will only be hit by a single thread at a time. Just be sure to release the mutex when you are done. :)

I was facing the similar issue when using the Channel Factory. it was actually due to wrong Contract specified in the endpoint.

1. Working on IIS 7.5 and Windows 7 i couldnt give permission APPPOOL/Mypool
2. IUSR and IIS_IUSRS permissions not working for me

3. I got to problem this way:

   -Created console application with C#
   -This appliaction using createeventsource like this

   if(!System.Diagnostics.EventLog.SourceExists(sourceName)) System.Diagnostics.EventLog.CreateEventSource(sourceName,logName);

   -Build solution and get .exe file

   -Run exe as administator.This create log file.

NOTE: Dont remember Event viewer must be refresh for see the log.

I hope this solution helps someone :)

Being specific to Angular2 to 5, we can bind image path using property binding as below. Image path is enclosed by the single quotation marks.

Sample example

<img [src]="'assets/img/klogo.png'" alt="image">

The only way I could get this to work is to pass the JSON as a string and then deserialise it using JavaScriptSerializer.Deserialize<T>(string input), which is pretty strange if that's the default deserializer for MVC 4.

My model has nested lists of objects and the best I could get using JSON data is the uppermost list to have the correct number of items in it, but all the fields in the items were null.

This kind of thing should not be so hard.

    $.ajax({
        type: 'POST',
        url: '/Agri/Map/SaveSelfValuation',
        data: { json: JSON.stringify(model) },
        dataType: 'text',
        success: function (data) {

    [HttpPost]
    public JsonResult DoSomething(string json)
    {
        var model = new JavaScriptSerializer().Deserialize<Valuation>(json);

Try this:

Display display   = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay();
Point displaySize = new Point();
display.getSize(displaySize);
int width  = displaySize.x;
int height = displaySize.y;

I made a function which handles arrays as well as single GET or POST values

function subVal($varName, $default=NULL,$isArray=FALSE ){ // $isArray toggles between (multi)array or single mode

    $retVal = "";
    $retArray = array();

    if($isArray) {
        if(isset($_POST[$varName])) {
            foreach ( $_POST[$varName] as $var ) {  // multidimensional POST array elements
                $retArray[]=$var;
            }
        }
        $retVal=$retArray;
    }

    elseif (isset($_POST[$varName]) )  {  // simple POST array element
        $retVal = $_POST[$varName];
    }

    else {
        if (isset($_GET[$varName]) ) {
            $retVal = $_GET[$varName];    // simple GET array element
        }
        else {
            $retVal = $default;
        }
    }

    return $retVal;

}

Examples:

$curr_topdiameter = subVal("topdiameter","",TRUE)[3];
$user_name = subVal("user_name","");

I don't think there is another way other than assigning value to that particular index of that array.

if you got this error when you launch eclipse birt 1- you will go in the file of the eclipse configuration 2- you must open eclipse.init 3- modified the RAM memory, you can increase this, i give an example.

my old information was : -Xmx128m -XX:MaxPermSize=128m

the new modification that i opered :

-Xmx512m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m

this modification will permit me to resolve java heap space when i launch my report in my browser.

Thanks

if you have the property "MyProperty" on your data-class, then you bind the IsChecked like this.... (the converter is optional, but sometimes you need that)

<Window.Resources>
<local:MyBoolConverter x:Key="MyBoolConverterKey"/>
</Window.Resources>
<checkbox IsChecked="{Binding Path=MyProperty, Converter={StaticResource MyBoolConverterKey}}"/>

Quite simple, with a * wildcard.

cp -r Folder1/* Folder2/

But according to your example recursion is not needed so the following will suffice:

cp Folder1/* Folder2/

EDIT:

Or skip the mkdir Folder2 part and just run:

cp -r Folder1 Folder2

How about the following:

unless @players.include?(p.name)
  ....
end

The standard does say this:

Programming languages vary widely on whether they support objects, and if so, what characteristics and constraints the objects offer. The models of object systems can be wildly divergent and are continuing to evolve. JSON instead provides a simple notation for expressing collections of name/value pairs. Most programming languages will have some feature for representing such collections, which can go by names like record, struct, dict, map, hash, or object.

The bug is in node.js at least. This code succeeds in node.js.

try {
     var json = {"name":"n","name":"v"};
     console.log(json); // outputs { name: 'v' }
} catch (e) {
     console.log(e);
}

If you want to reuse in multiple places:

var maxHeight = function(elems){
    return Math.max.apply(null, elems.map(function ()
    {
        return $(this).height();
    }).get());
}

Then you can use:

maxHeight($("some selector"));

Here is how I get two arrays difference. Pure and clean.

It will return a object that contain [add list] and [remove list].

  function getDiff(past, now) {
        let ret = { add: [], remove: [] };
        for (var i = 0; i < now.length; i++) {
          if (past.indexOf(now[i]) < 0)
            ret['add'].push(now[i]);
        }
        for (var i = 0; i < past.length; i++) {
          if (now.indexOf(past[i]) < 0)
            ret['remove'].push(past[i]);
        }
        return ret;
      }

Make sure that in your input data, response[i] and response[i][j], are not undefined/null.

If so, replace them with "".

Here is simple code. You must set an id for your input. Here call it 'myInput':

var myform = document.getElementById('myform');
myform.onsubmit = function(){
    document.getElementById('myInput').value = '1';
    myform.submit();
};

It is changed to : from PIL.Image import core as image for new versions.

Check the node version using node -v. Check the npm version using npm -v. If these commands gave you version number you are good to go with NodeJs development

Time to test node

Create a Directory using mkdir NodeJs. Inside the NodeJs folder create a file using touch index.js. Open your index.js either using vi or in your favourite text editor. Type in console.log('Welcome to NodesJs.') and save it. Navigate back to your saved file and type node index.js. If you see Welcome to NodesJs. you did a nice job and you are up with NodeJs.

In addition to elz answer regarding "figure level" methods that return multi-plot grid objects it is possible to set the figure height and width explicitly (that is without using aspect ratio) using the following approach:

import seaborn as sns 

g = sns.catplot(data=df, x='xvar', y='yvar', hue='hue_bar')
g.fig.set_figwidth(8.27)
g.fig.set_figheight(11.7)

Following commands will connect to any MySQL database

shell> mysql --host=localhost --user=myname --password=mypass mydb

or

shell> mysql -h localhost -u myname -pmypass mydb

Since it shows the password in plain text, you can type password later as prompted. So, the command will be as follows

shell> mysql --host=localhost --user=myname --password mydb
shell> mysql -h localhost -u myname -p mydb

There's much simpler solution today — pem. This tool makes life much easier.

For example, to generate or renew your push notification certificate just enter:

fastlane pem 

and it's done in under a minute. In case you need a sandbox certificate, enter:

fastlane pem --development

And that's pretty it.

If you installed the command line tools separately, delete them using:

sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools

var jsonIssues = []; // new Array
jsonIssues.push( { ID:1, "Name":"whatever" } );
// "push" some more here

E0_copy is not a deep copy. You don't make a deep copy using list() (Both list(...) and testList[:] are shallow copies).

You use copy.deepcopy(...) for deep copying a list.

deepcopy(x, memo=None, _nil=[])
    Deep copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.

See the following snippet -

>>> a = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
>>> b = list(a)
>>> a
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
>>> b
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
>>> a[0][1] = 10
>>> a
[[1, 10, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
>>> b   # b changes too -> Not a deepcopy.
[[1, 10, 3], [4, 5, 6]]

Now see the deepcopy operation

>>> import copy
>>> b = copy.deepcopy(a)
>>> a
[[1, 10, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
>>> b
[[1, 10, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
>>> a[0][1] = 9
>>> a
[[1, 9, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
>>> b    # b doesn't change -> Deep Copy
[[1, 10, 3], [4, 5, 6]]

You can do like this. Open a ts file ad there make an interface with inputs you want and in the page you want to show under export class write

readonly yourinterface = yourinterface
readonly level: number[] = [];

and in your template do like this *ngFor="let yourtype of yourinterface"

in build file change compile files('AF-Android-SDK.jar') to compile files('libs/AF-Android-SDK.jar') it will work

1. Check that you have execute permission on the script. i.e. chmod +x foo.sh
2. Check that the first line of that script is #!/bin/sh or some such.
3. For sudo you are in the wrong directory. check with sudo pwd

How about this?

=IF(ISERROR(MATCH(A1,B:B, 0)), "No Match", INDIRECT(ADDRESS(MATCH(A1,B:B, 0), 3)))

The "3" at the end means for column C.

jQuery has few functions which work with text, if you use text() one, it will do the job for you:

$("#regTitle").text("Hello World");

Also, you can use html() instead, if you have any html tag...

I tried to edit "ade"s answer above, but Stack Overflow wouldn't let me edit after I had initially provided feedback anonymously. This is a less buggy version of the function to pretty-print an ElementTree.

def indent(elem, level=0, more_sibs=False):
    i = "\n"
    if level:
        i += (level-1) * '  '
    num_kids = len(elem)
    if num_kids:
        if not elem.text or not elem.text.strip():
            elem.text = i + "  "
            if level:
                elem.text += '  '
        count = 0
        for kid in elem:
            indent(kid, level+1, count < num_kids - 1)
            count += 1
        if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
            elem.tail = i
            if more_sibs:
                elem.tail += '  '
    else:
        if level and (not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip()):
            elem.tail = i
            if more_sibs:
                elem.tail += '  '

I would suggest you just write a function to do what you're saying probably using drop (to delete columns) and insert to insert columns at a position. There isn't an existing API function to do what you're describing.

I tried the following:

aws s3 ls s3.console.aws.amazon.com/s3/buckets/{bucket name}

This gave me the error:

An error occurred (AccessDenied) when calling the ListObjectsV2 operation: Access Denied

Using this form worked:

aws s3 ls {bucket name}

Answer is YES

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<script language="javascript">
function WriteToFile()
{
var fso = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");
var s = fso.CreateTextFile("C:\\NewFile.txt", true);
var text=document.getElementById("TextArea1").innerText;
s.WriteLine(text);
s.WriteLine('***********************');
s.Close();
}
</script>

<form name="abc">
<textarea name="text">FIFA</textarea>
<button onclick="WriteToFile()">Click to save</Button>  
</form> 

</body>
</html>

I actually have a similar problem. I have a page with multiple radio buttons; each button will set the title and description meta tags of the page, via JavaScript upon change.

For example, if users select the first button, the meta tags will say:

<meta name="title" content="First Title">
<meta name="description" content="First Description">

If the user select the second button, this changes the meta tags to:

<meta name="title" content="Second Title">
<meta name="description" content="Second Description">

... and so on. I have confirmed that the code is working fine via Firebug (i.e. I can see that those two tags were properly changed).

Apparently, Facebook Share only pulls in the title and description meta tags that are available upon page load. The changes to those two tags post page load are completely ignored.

Does anybody have any ideas on how to solve this? That is, to force Facebook to get the latest values that are change after the page loads.

Get a line separator for the current browser:

function getLineSeparator() {
  var textarea = document.createElement("textarea");
  textarea.value = "\n"; 
  return textarea.value;
}

Tracing helped me find what the problem was (Thank you Fabian for that suggestion). I found with further testing that I could get the client certificate to work on another server (Windows Server 2012). I was testing this on my development machine (Window 7) so I could debug this process. So by comparing the trace to an IIS Server that worked and one that did not I was able to pinpoint the relevant lines in the trace log. Here is a portion of a log where the client certificate worked. This is the setup right before the send

System.Net Information: 0 : [17444] InitializeSecurityContext(In-Buffers count=2, Out-Buffer length=0, returned code=CredentialsNeeded).
System.Net Information: 0 : [17444] SecureChannel#54718731 - We have user-provided certificates. The server has not specified any issuers, so try all the certificates.
System.Net Information: 0 : [17444] SecureChannel#54718731 - Selected certificate:

Here is what the trace log looked like on the machine where the client certificate failed.

System.Net Information: 0 : [19616] InitializeSecurityContext(In-Buffers count=2, Out-Buffer length=0, returned code=CredentialsNeeded).
System.Net Information: 0 : [19616] SecureChannel#54718731 - We have user-provided certificates. The server has specified 137 issuer(s). Looking for certificates that match any of the issuers.
System.Net Information: 0 : [19616] SecureChannel#54718731 - Left with 0 client certificates to choose from.
System.Net Information: 0 : [19616] Using the cached credential handle.

Focusing on the line that indicated the server specified 137 issuers I found this Q&A that seemed similar to my issue. The solution for me was not the one marked as an answer since my certificate was in the trusted root. The answer is the one under it where you update the registry. I just added the value to the registry key.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL

Value name: SendTrustedIssuerList Value type: REG_DWORD Value data: 0 (False)

After adding this value to the registry it started to work on my Windows 7 machine. This appears to be a Windows 7 issue.

free is not enough, free just marks the memory as unused, the struct data will be there until overwriting. For safety, set the pointer to NULL after free.

Ex:

if (testPerson) {
    free(testPerson);
    testPerson = NULL;
}

struct is similar like an array, it is a block of memory. You can access to struct member via its offset. The first struct's member is placed at offset 0 so the address of first struct's member is same as the address of struct.

According to the php manual you can do this in two ways. It depends what you need to check.

If you want to check if the given key or index exists in the array use array_key_exists

<?php
$search_array = array('first' => 1, 'second' => 4);
if (array_key_exists('first', $search_array)) {
echo "The 'first' element is in the array";
 }
?>

If you want to check if a value exists in an array use in_array

 <?php
 $os = array("Mac", "NT", "Irix", "Linux");
if (in_array("Irix", $os)) {
echo "Got Irix";
}
?>

Actually something like

function scrollTo(prop){
    $('html,body').animate({scrollTop: $("#"+prop).offset().top +
 parseInt($("#"+prop).css('padding-top'),10) },'slow');
}

will work nicely and support padding. You can also support margins easily - for completion see below

function scrollTo(prop){
    $('html,body').animate({scrollTop: $("#"+prop).offset().top 
+ parseInt($("#"+prop).css('padding-top'),10) 
+ parseInt($("#"+prop).css('margin-top'),10) +},'slow');
}

It's checking the return value ($?) of grep. In this case it's comparing it to 0 (success).

Usually when you see something like this (checking the return value of grep) it's checking to see whether the particular string was detected. Although the redirect to /dev/null isn't necessary, the same thing can be accomplished using -q.

Since ForEach-Object is a cmdlet, break and continue will behave differently here than with the foreach keyword. Both will stop the loop but will also terminate the entire script:

break:

0..3 | foreach {
    if ($_ -eq 2) { break }
    $_
}
echo "Never printed"

# OUTPUT:
# 0
# 1

continue:

0..3 | foreach {
    if ($_ -eq 2) { continue }
    $_
}
echo "Never printed"

# OUTPUT:
# 0
# 1

So far, I have not found a "good" way to break a foreach script block without breaking the script, except "abusing" exceptions:

throw:

try {
    0..3 | foreach {
        if ($_ -eq 2) { throw }
        $_
    }
} catch { }
echo "End"

# OUTPUT:
# 0
# 1
# End

The alternative (which is not always possible) would be to use the foreach keyword:

foreach:

foreach ($_ in (0..3)) {
    if ($_ -eq 2) { break }
    $_
}
echo "End"

# OUTPUT:
# 0
# 1
# End

#if DEBUG
   // For Debug in Kestrel
   c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "Web API V1");
#else
   // To deploy on IIS
   c.SwaggerEndpoint("/webapi/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "Web API V1");
#endif

When deployed to IIS webapi(base URL) is the Application Alias. You need to keep Application Alias(base URL) same for all IIS deployments because swagger looks for swagger.json at "/swagger/v1/swagger.json" location but wont prefix application Alias(base URL) that is the reason it wont work.

For Example:

localhost/swagger/v1/swagger.json - Couldn't find swagger.json

Like this: .

The . means any character except newline (which sometimes is but often isn't included, check your regex flavour).

You can rewrite your expression as ^.{1,35}$, which should match any line of length 1-35.

Remove removeProperty

var el=document.getElementById("id");


el.style.removeProperty('display')

console.log("display removed"+el.style["display"])

console.log("color "+el.style["color"])

<div id="id" style="display:block;color:red">s</div>

On advice from http://for-ref-only.blogspot.de/2012/08/installing-beautifulsoup-for-python-3.html, I used the Windows command prompt with:

C:\Python\Scripts\easy_install c:\Python\BeautifulSoup\beautifulsoup4-4.3.1

where BeautifulSoup\beautifulsoup4-4.3.1 is the downloaded and extracted beautifulsoup4-4.3.1.tar file. It works.

You can try this way

javac --release 8 yourClass.java

You want to use the decimal module but you also need to specify the rounding mode. Here's an example:

>>> import decimal
>>> decimal.Decimal('8.333333').quantize(decimal.Decimal('.01'), rounding=decimal.ROUND_UP)
Decimal('8.34')
>>> decimal.Decimal('8.333333').quantize(decimal.Decimal('.01'), rounding=decimal.ROUND_DOWN)
Decimal('8.33')
>>> 

This is an old question, but you can now write using statements without needing to block each one. They will be disposed of in reverse order when the containing block is finished.

using var responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
using var reader = new StreamReader(responseStream);
using var writer = new StreamWriter(filename);

int chunkSize = 1024;
while (!reader.EndOfStream)
{
    char[] buffer = new char[chunkSize];
    int count = reader.Read(buffer, 0, chunkSize);
    if (count != 0)
    {
        writer.Write(buffer, 0, count);
    }
}

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-8.0/using

Then you'd want to do this instead:

print str(int(1.0/3.0*100))+'%'

The .0 denotes them as floats and int() rounds them to integers afterwards again.

MySQL

SELECT FieldA
     , GROUP_CONCAT(FieldB ORDER BY FieldB SEPARATOR ',') AS FieldBs
  FROM TableName
 GROUP BY FieldA
 ORDER BY FieldA;

Oracle & DB2

SELECT FieldA
     , LISTAGG(FieldB, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY FieldB) AS FieldBs
  FROM TableName
 GROUP BY FieldA
 ORDER BY FieldA;

PostgreSQL

SELECT FieldA
     , STRING_AGG(FieldB, ',' ORDER BY FieldB) AS FieldBs
  FROM TableName
 GROUP BY FieldA
 ORDER BY FieldA;

SQL Server

SQL Server ≥ 2017 & Azure SQL

SELECT FieldA
     , STRING_AGG(FieldB, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY FieldB) AS FieldBs
  FROM TableName
 GROUP BY FieldA
 ORDER BY FieldA;

SQL Server ≤ 2016 (CTE included to encourage the DRY principle)

  WITH CTE_TableName AS (
       SELECT FieldA, FieldB
         FROM TableName)
SELECT t0.FieldA
     , STUFF((
       SELECT ',' + t1.FieldB
         FROM CTE_TableName t1
        WHERE t1.FieldA = t0.FieldA
        ORDER BY t1.FieldB
          FOR XML PATH('')), 1, LEN(','), '') AS FieldBs
  FROM CTE_TableName t0
 GROUP BY t0.FieldA
 ORDER BY FieldA;

SQLite

Ordering requires a CTE or subquery

  WITH CTE_TableName AS (
       SELECT FieldA, FieldB
         FROM TableName
        ORDER BY FieldA, FieldB)
SELECT FieldA
     , GROUP_CONCAT(FieldB, ',') AS FieldBs
  FROM CTE_TableName
 GROUP BY FieldA
 ORDER BY FieldA;

Without ordering

SELECT FieldA
     , GROUP_CONCAT(FieldB, ',') AS FieldBs
  FROM TableName
 GROUP BY FieldA
 ORDER BY FieldA;

The best way is sudo apt-get install ruby-compass to install compass.

How about:

df . -B MB | tail -1 | awk {'print $4'} | cut -d'%' -f1

Use the -printcert command like this:

keytool -printcert -file certificate.pem

If the response is not to be consumed, then the request can be aborted using the code below:

// Low level resources should be released before initiating a new request
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

if (entity != null) {
    // Do not need the rest
    httpPost.abort();
}

Reference: http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-ga/tutorial/html/fundamentals.html#d5e143

Apache HttpClient Version: 4.1.3

I use exactly the same sass mixin placeholder as NoDirection wrote. I find it in sass mixins collection here and I'm very satisfied with it. There's a text that explains a mixins option more.

You should import the the project

https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/37008041

This error shows up when there is a module in your project whose .iml file does not contain: external.system.id="GRADLE" Can you please check your .iml files? Also, instead of opening the project, import it, that will completely rewrite your .iml files and you won't see that error again.

Sql server unlike oracle does not need commits unless you are using transactions.
Immediatly after your update statement the table will be commited, don't use the commit command in this scenario.

How does it send the file internally?

The format is called multipart/form-data, as asked at: What does enctype='multipart/form-data' mean?

I'm going to:

• add some more HTML5 references
• explain why he is right with a form submit example

HTML5 references

There are three possibilities for enctype:

• x-www-urlencoded
• multipart/form-data (spec points to RFC2388)
• text-plain. This is "not reliably interpretable by computer", so it should never be used in production, and we will not look further into it.

How to generate the examples

Once you see an example of each method, it becomes obvious how they work, and when you should use each one.

You can produce examples using:

• nc -l or an ECHO server: HTTP test server accepting GET/POST requests
• an user agent like a browser or cURL

Save the form to a minimal .html file:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8"/>
  <title>upload</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="http://localhost:8000" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  <p><input type="text" name="text1" value="text default">
  <p><input type="text" name="text2" value="a&#x03C9;b">
  <p><input type="file" name="file1">
  <p><input type="file" name="file2">
  <p><input type="file" name="file3">
  <p><button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>

We set the default text value to aωb, which means a?b because ? is U+03C9, which are the bytes 61 CF 89 62 in UTF-8.

Create files to upload:

echo 'Content of a.txt.' > a.txt

echo '<!DOCTYPE html><title>Content of a.html.</title>' > a.html

# Binary file containing 4 bytes: 'a', 1, 2 and 'b'.
printf 'a\xCF\x89b' > binary

Run our little echo server:

while true; do printf '' | nc -l 8000 localhost; done

Open the HTML on your browser, select the files and click on submit and check the terminal.

nc prints the request received.

Tested on: Ubuntu 14.04.3, nc BSD 1.105, Firefox 40.

multipart/form-data

Firefox sent:

POST / HTTP/1.1
[[ Less interesting headers ... ]]
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------735323031399963166993862150
Content-Length: 834

-----------------------------735323031399963166993862150
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="text1"

text default
-----------------------------735323031399963166993862150
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="text2"

a?b
-----------------------------735323031399963166993862150
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file1"; filename="a.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain

Content of a.txt.

-----------------------------735323031399963166993862150
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file2"; filename="a.html"
Content-Type: text/html

<!DOCTYPE html><title>Content of a.html.</title>

-----------------------------735323031399963166993862150
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file3"; filename="binary"
Content-Type: application/octet-stream

a?b
-----------------------------735323031399963166993862150--

For the binary file and text field, the bytes 61 CF 89 62 (a?b in UTF-8) are sent literally. You could verify that with nc -l localhost 8000 | hd, which says that the bytes:

61 CF 89 62

were sent (61 == 'a' and 62 == 'b').

Therefore it is clear that:

• Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------735323031399963166993862150 sets the content type to multipart/form-data and says that the fields are separated by the given boundary string.

  But note that the:

  boundary=---------------------------735323031399963166993862150
  

  has two less dadhes -- than the actual barrier

  -----------------------------735323031399963166993862150
  

  This is because the standard requires the boundary to start with two dashes --. The other dashes appear to be just how Firefox chose to implement the arbitrary boundary. RFC 7578 clearly mentions that those two leading dashes -- are required:

  4.1. "Boundary" Parameter of multipart/form-data

  As with other multipart types, the parts are delimited with a boundary delimiter, constructed using CRLF, "--", and the value of the "boundary" parameter.

• every field gets some sub headers before its data: Content-Disposition: form-data;, the field name, the filename, followed by the data.

  The server reads the data until the next boundary string. The browser must choose a boundary that will not appear in any of the fields, so this is why the boundary may vary between requests.

  Because we have the unique boundary, no encoding of the data is necessary: binary data is sent as is.

  TODO: what is the optimal boundary size (log(N) I bet), and name / running time of the algorithm that finds it? Asked at: https://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/39687/find-the-shortest-sequence-that-is-not-a-sub-sequence-of-a-set-of-sequences

• Content-Type is automatically determined by the browser.

  How it is determined exactly was asked at: How is mime type of an uploaded file determined by browser?

application/x-www-form-urlencoded

Now change the enctype to application/x-www-form-urlencoded, reload the browser, and resubmit.

Firefox sent:

POST / HTTP/1.1
[[ Less interesting headers ... ]]
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 51

text1=text+default&text2=a%CF%89b&file1=a.txt&file2=a.html&file3=binary

Clearly the file data was not sent, only the basenames. So this cannot be used for files.

As for the text field, we see that usual printable characters like a and b were sent in one byte, while non-printable ones like 0xCF and 0x89 took up 3 bytes each: %CF%89!

Comparison

File uploads often contain lots of non-printable characters (e.g. images), while text forms almost never do.

From the examples we have seen that:

• multipart/form-data: adds a few bytes of boundary overhead to the message, and must spend some time calculating it, but sends each byte in one byte.

• application/x-www-form-urlencoded: has a single byte boundary per field (&), but adds a linear overhead factor of 3x for every non-printable character.

Therefore, even if we could send files with application/x-www-form-urlencoded, we wouldn't want to, because it is so inefficient.

But for printable characters found in text fields, it does not matter and generates less overhead, so we just use it.

32-bit or not ? I just came with this method in Java after reading "cracking the coding interview" 4th edition exercice 5.5 ( chap 5: Bit Manipulation). If the least significant bit is 1 increment count, then right-shift the integer.

public static int bitCount( int n){
    int count = 0;
    for (int i=n; i!=0; i = i >> 1){
        count += i & 1;
    }
    return count;
}

I think this one is more intuitive than the solutions with constant 0x33333333 no matter how fast they are. It depends on your definition of "best algorithm" .

In iOS10 instead of your code, you should request an authorization for notification with the following: (Don't forget to add the UserNotifications Framework)

if #available(iOS 10.0, *) {
        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().requestAuthorization([.alert, .sound, .badge]) { (granted: Bool, error: NSError?) in
            // Do something here
        }
    }

Also, the correct code for you is (use in the else of the previous condition, for example):

let setting = UIUserNotificationSettings(types: [.alert, .badge, .sound], categories: nil)
UIApplication.shared().registerUserNotificationSettings(setting)
UIApplication.shared().registerForRemoteNotifications()

Finally, make sure Push Notification is activated under target-> Capabilities -> Push notification. (set it on On)

a string is essentially a sequence of characters and so the slicing operation works on it. What you are doing is in fact:

-> get an slice of 'a' from start to end in steps of 1 backward.

byte[] bytes = new byte[100];

Initializes all byte elements with default values, which for byte is 0. In fact, all elements of an array when constructed, are initialized with default values for the array element's type.

I use the following code in my batch scripts:

if not defined MY_ENV_VAR (
    setx MY_ENV_VAR "VALUE" > nul
    set MY_ENV_VAR=VALUE
)
echo %MY_ENV_VAR%

By using SET after SETX it is possible to use the "local" variable directly without restarting the command window. And on the next run, the enviroment variable will be used.

This happened to my because accidentally erase the " @IBAction func... " inside my UIViewcontroller class code, so in the Storyboard was created the Reference Outlet, but at runtime there was any function to process it.

The solution was to delete the Outlet reference inside the property inspector and then recreate it dragging with command key to the class code.

Hope it helps!

You are replacing the starting tag and then putting that back in innerHTML, so the code will be invalid. Make all the replacements before you put the code back in the element:

var html = strMessage1.innerHTML;
html = html.replace( /aaaaaa./g,'<a href=\"http://www.google.com/');
html = html.replace( /.bbbbbb/g,'/world\">Helloworld</a>');
strMessage1.innerHTML = html;

Its because either one of the Java versions(32 bit/64 bit) is missing from your computer. Try installing both the Jdks and run the code.
After installing the Jdks open R and type the code

system("java -version")

This will give you the version of Jdk installed. Then try loading the rJava package. This worked for me.

Here is perhaps the simplest way to obtain the value of a single cell.

document.querySelector("#table").children[0].children[r].children[c].innerText

where r is the row index and c is the column index

Therefore, to obtain all cell data and put it in a multi-dimensional array:

var tableData = [];  
Array.from(document.querySelector("#table").children[0].children).forEach(function(tr){tableData.push(Array.from(tr.children).map(cell => cell.innerText))}); 
var cell = tableData[1][2];//2nd row, 3rd column

To access a specific cell's data in this multi-dimensional array, use the standard syntax: array[rowIndex][columnIndex].

Do not do it. I might want to run my car on monkey blood. I have my reasons, but sometimes it's better to stick with using things the way they were designed even if it doesn't "absolutely perfectly" match the exact look you are driving for.

To back up my argument I submit the following.

• See how this image lacks the status bar at the bottom. This link is using the onclick="location.href" model. (This is a real-life production example from my predecessor) This can make users hesitant to click on the link, since they have no idea where it is taking them, for starters.

You are also making Search engine optimization more difficult IMO as well as making the debugging and reading of your code/HTML more complex. A submit button should submit a form. Why should you(the development community) try to create a non-standard UI?

I had a similar problem with a less complicated formula:

= If (x > A & x <= B) 

and found that I could Remove the AND and join the two comparisons with +

  = (x > A1) + (x <= B1)        [without all the spaces]

Hope this helps others with less complex comparisons.

If you're writing GPLed code and using GNU autotools, then a portable way that takes care of the details on many OSes (including Windows and macOS) is gnulib's relocatable-prog module.

For example css files are in folder named CSS and html files are in folder HTML, and both these are in folder named XYZ means we refer css files in html as

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./../CSS/style.css" />

Here .. moves up to HTML
and . refers to the current directory XYZ

---by this logic you would just reference as:

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="CSS/style.css" />

I would continue your "convert number to string" approach. However, you will realize that your proposed algorithm fails if your ID is a prime and greater than 52.

Theoretical background

You need a Bijective Function f. This is necessary so that you can find a inverse function g('abc') = 123 for your f(123) = 'abc' function. This means:

• There must be no x1, x2 (with x1 ? x2) that will make f(x1) = f(x2),
• and for every y you must be able to find an x so that f(x) = y.

How to convert the ID to a shortened URL

1. Think of an alphabet we want to use. In your case, that's [a-zA-Z0-9]. It contains 62 letters.

2. Take an auto-generated, unique numerical key (the auto-incremented id of a MySQL table for example).

   For this example, I will use 125₁₀ (125 with a base of 10).

3. Now you have to convert 125₁₀ to X₆₂ (base 62).

   125₁₀ = 2×62¹ + 1×62⁰ = [2,1]

   This requires the use of integer division and modulo. A pseudo-code example:

   digits = []
   
   while num > 0
     remainder = modulo(num, 62)
     digits.push(remainder)
     num = divide(num, 62)
   
   digits = digits.reverse
   

   Now map the indices 2 and 1 to your alphabet. This is how your mapping (with an array for example) could look like:

   0  ? a
   1  ? b
   ...
   25 ? z
   ...
   52 ? 0
   61 ? 9
   

   With 2 ? c and 1 ? b, you will receive cb₆₂ as the shortened URL.

   http://shor.ty/cb
   

How to resolve a shortened URL to the initial ID

The reverse is even easier. You just do a reverse lookup in your alphabet.

1. e9a₆₂ will be resolved to "4th, 61st, and 0th letter in the alphabet".

   e9a₆₂ = [4,61,0] = 4×62² + 61×62¹ + 0×62⁰ = 19158₁₀

2. Now find your database-record with WHERE id = 19158 and do the redirect.

Example implementations (provided by commenters)

• C++
• Python
• Ruby
• Haskell
• C#
• CoffeeScript
• Perl

Another suggestion. One directive with selector.

HTML:

<button type="button" scroll-to="#catalogSection">Scroll To</button>

Angular:

app.directive('scrollTo', function () {
    return {
        restrict: 'A',
        link: function (scope, element, attrs) {
            element.on('click', function () {

                var target = $(attrs.scrollTo);
                if (target.length > 0) {
                    $('html, body').animate({
                        scrollTop: target.offset().top
                    });
                }
            });
        }
    }
});

Also notice $anchorScroll

for mac cmd+r, cmd+shift+r to need.

function disableF5(e) { if ((e.which || e.keyCode) == 116 || (e.which || e.keyCode) == 82) e.preventDefault(); };

$(document).ready(function(){
$(document).on("keydown", disableF5);
});

String1.scan(/<([^>]*)>/).last.first

scan creates an array which, for each <item> in String1 contains the text between the < and the > in a one-element array (because when used with a regex containing capturing groups, scan creates an array containing the captures for each match). last gives you the last of those arrays and first then gives you the string in it.

If you only want to display the plain text value of each field as its summary, the following code should be the easiest to maintain. It requires only two changes (lines 13 and 21, marked with "change here"):

package com.my.package;

import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.EditTextPreference;
import android.preference.ListPreference;
import android.preference.Preference;
import android.preference.PreferenceActivity;

public class PreferencesActivity extends PreferenceActivity implements OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener {

    private final String[] mAutoSummaryFields = { "pref_key1", "pref_key2", "pref_key3" }; // change here
    private final int mEntryCount = mAutoSummaryFields.length;
    private Preference[] mPreferenceEntries;

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences_file); // change here
        mPreferenceEntries = new Preference[mEntryCount];
        for (int i = 0; i < mEntryCount; i++) {
            mPreferenceEntries[i] = getPreferenceScreen().findPreference(mAutoSummaryFields[i]);
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        for (int i = 0; i < mEntryCount; i++) {
            updateSummary(mAutoSummaryFields[i]); // initialization
        }
        getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences().registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this); // register change listener
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences().unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this); // unregister change listener
    }

    private void updateSummary(String key) {
        for (int i = 0; i < mEntryCount; i++) {
            if (key.equals(mAutoSummaryFields[i])) {
                if (mPreferenceEntries[i] instanceof EditTextPreference) {
                    final EditTextPreference currentPreference = (EditTextPreference) mPreferenceEntries[i];
                    mPreferenceEntries[i].setSummary(currentPreference.getText());
                }
                else if (mPreferenceEntries[i] instanceof ListPreference) {
                    final ListPreference currentPreference = (ListPreference) mPreferenceEntries[i];
                    mPreferenceEntries[i].setSummary(currentPreference.getEntry());
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    public void onSharedPreferenceChanged(SharedPreferences sharedPreferences, String key) {
        updateSummary(key);
    }

}

The one way found is to use the geoXML3 library which is suitable for usage along with KML processor Version 3 of the Google Maps JavaScript API.

• Give every “resource” an ID
• Link things together
• Use standard methods
• Resources with multiple representations
• Communicate statelessly

It is possible to do everything just with POST and GET? Yes, is it the best approach? No, why? because we have standards methods. If you think again, it would be possible to do everything using just GET.. so why should we even bother do use POST? Because of the standards!

For example, today thinking about a MVC model, you can limit your application to respond just to specific kinds of verbs like POST, GET, PUT and DELETE. Even if under the hood everything is emulated to POST and GET, don't make sense to have different verbs for different actions?

If someone is having trouble with installing php-mbstring package in ubuntu do following sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5

Updating:

Using adb shell input:

Insert text:

adb shell input text "insert%syour%stext%shere"

(obs: %s means SPACE)

..

Event codes:

adb shell input keyevent 82

(82 ---> MENU_BUTTON)

"For more keyevents codes see list below"

..

Tap X,Y position:

adb shell input tap 500 1450

To find the exact X,Y position you want to Tap go to:

Settings > Developer Options > Check the option POINTER SLOCATION

..

Swipe X1 Y1 X2 Y2 [duration(ms)]:

adb shell input swipe 100 500 100 1450 100

in this example X1=100, Y1=500, X2=100, Y2=1450, Duration = 100ms

..

LongPress X Y:

adb shell input swipe 100 500 100 500 250

we utilise the same command for a swipe to emulate a long press

in this example X=100, Y=500, Duration = 250ms

..

Event Codes Updated List:

0 -->  "KEYCODE_0" 
1 -->  "KEYCODE_SOFT_LEFT" 
2 -->  "KEYCODE_SOFT_RIGHT" 
3 -->  "KEYCODE_HOME" 
4 -->  "KEYCODE_BACK" 
5 -->  "KEYCODE_CALL" 
6 -->  "KEYCODE_ENDCALL" 
7 -->  "KEYCODE_0" 
8 -->  "KEYCODE_1" 
9 -->  "KEYCODE_2" 
10 -->  "KEYCODE_3" 
11 -->  "KEYCODE_4" 
12 -->  "KEYCODE_5" 
13 -->  "KEYCODE_6" 
14 -->  "KEYCODE_7" 
15 -->  "KEYCODE_8" 
16 -->  "KEYCODE_9" 
17 -->  "KEYCODE_STAR" 
18 -->  "KEYCODE_POUND" 
19 -->  "KEYCODE_DPAD_UP" 
20 -->  "KEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN" 
21 -->  "KEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT" 
22 -->  "KEYCODE_DPAD_RIGHT" 
23 -->  "KEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER" 
24 -->  "KEYCODE_VOLUME_UP" 
25 -->  "KEYCODE_VOLUME_DOWN" 
26 -->  "KEYCODE_POWER" 
27 -->  "KEYCODE_CAMERA" 
28 -->  "KEYCODE_CLEAR" 
29 -->  "KEYCODE_A" 
30 -->  "KEYCODE_B" 
31 -->  "KEYCODE_C" 
32 -->  "KEYCODE_D" 
33 -->  "KEYCODE_E" 
34 -->  "KEYCODE_F" 
35 -->  "KEYCODE_G" 
36 -->  "KEYCODE_H" 
37 -->  "KEYCODE_I" 
38 -->  "KEYCODE_J" 
39 -->  "KEYCODE_K" 
40 -->  "KEYCODE_L" 
41 -->  "KEYCODE_M" 
42 -->  "KEYCODE_N" 
43 -->  "KEYCODE_O" 
44 -->  "KEYCODE_P" 
45 -->  "KEYCODE_Q" 
46 -->  "KEYCODE_R" 
47 -->  "KEYCODE_S" 
48 -->  "KEYCODE_T" 
49 -->  "KEYCODE_U" 
50 -->  "KEYCODE_V" 
51 -->  "KEYCODE_W" 
52 -->  "KEYCODE_X" 
53 -->  "KEYCODE_Y" 
54 -->  "KEYCODE_Z" 
55 -->  "KEYCODE_COMMA" 
56 -->  "KEYCODE_PERIOD" 
57 -->  "KEYCODE_ALT_LEFT" 
58 -->  "KEYCODE_ALT_RIGHT" 
59 -->  "KEYCODE_SHIFT_LEFT" 
60 -->  "KEYCODE_SHIFT_RIGHT" 
61 -->  "KEYCODE_TAB" 
62 -->  "KEYCODE_SPACE" 
63 -->  "KEYCODE_SYM" 
64 -->  "KEYCODE_EXPLORER" 
65 -->  "KEYCODE_ENVELOPE" 
66 -->  "KEYCODE_ENTER" 
67 -->  "KEYCODE_DEL" 
68 -->  "KEYCODE_GRAVE" 
69 -->  "KEYCODE_MINUS" 
70 -->  "KEYCODE_EQUALS" 
71 -->  "KEYCODE_LEFT_BRACKET" 
72 -->  "KEYCODE_RIGHT_BRACKET" 
73 -->  "KEYCODE_BACKSLASH" 
74 -->  "KEYCODE_SEMICOLON" 
75 -->  "KEYCODE_APOSTROPHE" 
76 -->  "KEYCODE_SLASH" 
77 -->  "KEYCODE_AT" 
78 -->  "KEYCODE_NUM" 
79 -->  "KEYCODE_HEADSETHOOK" 
80 -->  "KEYCODE_FOCUS" 
81 -->  "KEYCODE_PLUS" 
82 -->  "KEYCODE_MENU" 
83 -->  "KEYCODE_NOTIFICATION" 
84 -->  "KEYCODE_SEARCH" 
85 -->  "KEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE"
86 -->  "KEYCODE_MEDIA_STOP"
87 -->  "KEYCODE_MEDIA_NEXT"
88 -->  "KEYCODE_MEDIA_PREVIOUS"
89 -->  "KEYCODE_MEDIA_REWIND"
90 -->  "KEYCODE_MEDIA_FAST_FORWARD"
91 -->  "KEYCODE_MUTE"
92 -->  "KEYCODE_PAGE_UP"
93 -->  "KEYCODE_PAGE_DOWN"
94 -->  "KEYCODE_PICTSYMBOLS"
...
122 -->  "KEYCODE_MOVE_HOME"
123 -->  "KEYCODE_MOVE_END"

The complete list of commands can be found on: http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/KeyEvent.html

If you write on Kotlin, you can use:

val firstProcess = ProcessBuilder("echo","hello world").start()
val firstError = firstProcess.errorStream.readBytes().decodeToString()
val firstResult = firstProcess.inputStream.readBytes().decodeToString()

Expanding on the accepted answer:

function mysql_query_or_die($query) {
    $result = mysql_query($query);
    if ($result)
        return $result;
    else {
        $err = mysql_error();
        die("<br>{$query}<br>*** {$err} ***<br>");
    }
}

...
$query = "SELECT * FROM my_table";
$result = mysql_query_or_die($query);
echo("<table>");
$first_row = true;
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    if ($first_row) {
        $first_row = false;
        // Output header row from keys.
        echo '<tr>';
        foreach($row as $key => $field) {
            echo '<th>' . htmlspecialchars($key) . '</th>';
        }
        echo '</tr>';
    }
    echo '<tr>';
    foreach($row as $key => $field) {
        echo '<td>' . htmlspecialchars($field) . '</td>';
    }
    echo '</tr>';
}
echo("</table>");

Benefits:

• Using mysql_fetch_assoc (instead of mysql_fetch_array with no 2nd parameter to specify type), we avoid getting each field twice, once for a numeric index (0, 1, 2, ..), and a second time for the associative key.

• Shows field names as a header row of table.

• Shows how to get both column name ($key) and value ($field) for each field, as iterate over the fields of a row.

• Wrapped in <table> so displays properly.

• (OPTIONAL) dies with display of query string and mysql_error, if query fails.

Example Output:

Id      Name
777     Aardvark
50      Lion
9999    Zebra

The error message is fairly self-explanatory

(a,b,c,d,e) = line.split()

expects line.split() to yield 5 elements, but in your case, it is only yielding 1 element. This could be because the data is not in the format you expect, a rogue malformed line, or maybe an empty line - there's no way to know.

To see what line is causing the issue, you could add some debug statements like this:

if len(line.split()) != 11:
    print line

As Martin suggests, you might also be splitting on the wrong delimiter.

But while mocking read-only properties means properties with getter method only you should declare it as virtual otherwise System.NotSupportedException will be thrown because it is only supported in VB as moq internally override and create proxy when we mock anything.

To expand on persistent's answer, and to provide more of the functionality of NUnit, you can do this:

public bool AssertThrows<TException>(
    Action action,
    Func<TException, bool> exceptionCondition = null)
    where TException : Exception
{
    try
    {
        action();
    }
    catch (TException ex)
    {
        if (exceptionCondition != null)
        {
            return exceptionCondition(ex);
        }
        return true;
    }
    catch
    {
        return false;
    }

    return false;
}

Examples:

// No exception thrown - test fails.
Assert.IsTrue(
    AssertThrows<InvalidOperationException>(
        () => {}));

// Wrong exception thrown - test fails.
Assert.IsTrue(
    AssertThrows<InvalidOperationException>(
        () => { throw new ApplicationException(); }));

// Correct exception thrown - test passes.
Assert.IsTrue(
    AssertThrows<InvalidOperationException>(
        () => { throw new InvalidOperationException(); }));

// Correct exception thrown, but wrong message - test fails.
Assert.IsTrue(
    AssertThrows<InvalidOperationException>(
        () => { throw new InvalidOperationException("ABCD"); },
        ex => ex.Message == "1234"));

// Correct exception thrown, with correct message - test passes.
Assert.IsTrue(
    AssertThrows<InvalidOperationException>(
        () => { throw new InvalidOperationException("1234"); },
        ex => ex.Message == "1234"));

You can easily debug such things when you go through the generated CSS. In this case the pseudo-selector after conversion has to be attached to the class. Which is not the case. Use "&".

http://sass-lang.com/documentation/file.SASS_REFERENCE.html#parent-selector

.class {
    margin:20px;
    &:hover {
        color:yellow;
    }
}

In jQuery there is $.isPlainObject() method for that:

Description: Check to see if an object is a plain object (created using "{}" or "new Object").

Depth-first Search

Depth-first searches are often used in simulations of games (and game-like situations in the real world). In a typical game you can choose one of several possible actions. Each choice leads to further choices, each of which leads to further choices, and so on into an ever-expanding tree-shaped graph of possibilities.

For example in games like Chess, tic-tac-toe when you are deciding what move to make, you can mentally imagine a move, then your opponent’s possible responses, then your responses, and so on. You can decide what to do by seeing which move leads to the best outcome.

Only some paths in a game tree lead to your win. Some lead to a win by your opponent, when you reach such an ending, you must back up, or backtrack, to a previous node and try a different path. In this way you explore the tree until you find a path with a successful conclusion. Then you make the first move along this path.

Breadth-first search

The breadth-first search has an interesting property: It first finds all the vertices that are one edge away from the starting point, then all the vertices that are two edges away, and so on. This is useful if you’re trying to find the shortest path from the starting vertex to a given vertex. You start a BFS, and when you find the specified vertex, you know the path you’ve traced so far is the shortest path to the node. If there were a shorter path, the BFS would have found it already.

Breadth-first search can be used for finding the neighbour nodes in peer to peer networks like BitTorrent, GPS systems to find nearby locations, social networking sites to find people in the specified distance and things like that.

To execute it with Bash, use #!/bin/bash and chmod it to be executable, then use

./choose.sh

Posting parameters Using POST:-

URL url;
URLConnection urlConn;
DataOutputStream printout;
DataInputStream  input;
url = new URL (getCodeBase().toString() + "env.tcgi");
urlConn = url.openConnection();
urlConn.setDoInput (true);
urlConn.setDoOutput (true);
urlConn.setUseCaches (false);
urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/json");   
urlConn.setRequestProperty("Host", "android.schoolportal.gr");
urlConn.connect();  
//Create JSONObject here
JSONObject jsonParam = new JSONObject();
jsonParam.put("ID", "25");
jsonParam.put("description", "Real");
jsonParam.put("enable", "true");

The part which you missed is in the the following... i.e., as follows..

// Send POST output.
printout = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream ());
printout.writeBytes(URLEncoder.encode(jsonParam.toString(),"UTF-8"));
printout.flush ();
printout.close ();

The rest of the thing you can do it.

The problem is somewhere else in your code, because this works:

string line("test\ttest2\ttest3");
vector<string> strs;
boost::split(strs,line,boost::is_any_of("\t"));

cout << "* size of the vector: " << strs.size() << endl;    
for (size_t i = 0; i < strs.size(); i++)
    cout << strs[i] << endl;

and testing your approach, which uses a vector iterator also works:

string line("test\ttest2\ttest3");
vector<string> strs;
boost::split(strs,line,boost::is_any_of("\t"));

cout << "* size of the vector: " << strs.size() << endl;
for (vector<string>::iterator it = strs.begin(); it != strs.end(); ++it)
{
    cout << *it << endl;
}

Again, your problem is somewhere else. Maybe what you think is a \t character on the string, isn't. I would fill the code with debugs, starting by monitoring the insertions on the vector to make sure everything is being inserted the way its supposed to be.

Output:

* size of the vector: 3
test
test2
test3

For most installations, you should not set these variables since they are not needed for Python to run. Python knows where to find its standard library.

The only reason to set PYTHONPATH is to maintain directories of custom Python libraries that you do not want to install in the global default location (i.e., the site-packages directory).

Make sure to read: http://docs.python.org/using/cmdline.html#environment-variables

To connect to a new server, you click on home + add new connection. Put IP or webserver URL in new connection.

I got the same message but my files are decrypted as expected. Please check in your destination path if you could see the output file file.

Type in the command shell:

 df -h 

or

df -m

or

df -k

It will show the list of free disk spaces for each mount point.

You can show/view single column also.

Type:

df -m |awk '{print $3}'

Note: Here 3 is the column number. You can choose which column you need.

I like to use the following method:

var isSafari = /Safari/.test(navigator.userAgent) && /Apple Computer/.test(navigator.vendor);
if (isSafari) { 
  $('head').append('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="path/to/safari.css">') 
};

Using tail:

#dmesg 
...
...
...
[132059.017752] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
[132116.566238] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
[132116.568939] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:
[132116.568942] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[132116.568944] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568945] cfg80211:   (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568947] cfg80211:   (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568948] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568949] cfg80211:   (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132120.288218] cfg80211: Calling CRDA for country: GB
[132120.291143] cfg80211: Regulatory domain changed to country: GB
[132120.291146] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[132120.291148] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291150] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291152] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | head 2
head: cannot open ‘2’ for reading: No such file or directory
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | tail -2
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | tail -5
[132120.291148] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291150] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291152] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | tail -6
[132120.291146] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[132120.291148] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291150] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291152] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$