JavaScript pattern for multiple constructors

Question

I need different constructors for my instances  What is a common pattern for that

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Sometimes  default values for parameters is enough for multiple constructors  And when that doesn t suffice  I try to wrap most of the constructor functionality into an init other-params  function that is called afterwards  Also consider using the factory concept to make an object that can effectively create the other objects you want   http   en wikipedia org w index php title Factory method pattern amp oldid 363482142 Javascript

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This is the example given for multiple constructors in Programming in HTML5 with JavaScript and CSS3 - Exam Ref   function Book           just creates an empty book      function Book title  length  author        this title   title      this Length   length      this author   author     Book prototype         ISBN          Length  -1      genre          covering          author          currentPage  0      title           flipTo  function FlipToAPage pNum            this currentPage   pNum              turnPageForward  function turnForward             this flipTo this currentPage                 turnPageBackward  function turnBackward             this flipTo this currentPage--             var books   new Array new Book    new Book  First Edition   350   Random

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I believe there are two answers  One using  pure  Javascript with IIFE function to hide its auxiliary construction functions  And the other using a NodeJS module to also hide its auxiliary construction functions  I will show only the example with a NodeJS module  Class Vector2d js            Implement a class of type Vetor2d with three types of constructors          If a constructor function is successfully executed     must have its value changed to  true  let global wasExecuted   false    global wasExecuted   false        Tests whether number value is a numeric type function isNumber number value             let hasError     typeof number value      number       isFinite number value        if  hasError     false           hasError   isNaN number value              return  hasError        Object with  x  and  y  properties associated with its values  function vector x y       return   x   x   y   y        constructor in case x and y are  undefined  function new vector zero x  y        if  x     undefined  amp  amp  y     undefined           global wasExecuted   true          return new vector 0 0              constructor in case x and y are numbers function new vector numbers x  y        let x isNumber   isNumber x       let y isNumber   isNumber y        if  x isNumber  amp  amp  y isNumber           global wasExecuted   true          return new vector x y              constructor in case x is an object and y is any   thing  he is ignored   function new vector object x  y        let x ehObject   typeof x      object         ignore y type      if  x ehObject              assigns the object only for clarity of code         let x object   x             tests whether x object has the properties  x  and  y          if   x  in x object  amp  amp   y  in x object                global wasExecuted   true                              we only know that x object has the properties  x  and  y               now we will test if the property values   are valid              calling the class constructor again                                         return new Vector2d x object x  x object y                          Function that returns an array of constructor functions function constructors        let c           c push new vector zero       c push new vector numbers       c push new vector object                   Your imagination is the limit          Create as many construction functions as you want                  return c     class Vector2d        constructor x  y              returns an array of constructor functions         let my constructors   constructors              global wasExecuted   false             variable for the return of the  vector  function         let new vector                  traverses the array executing its corresponding constructor function         for  let index   0  index  lt  my constructors length  index                     execute a function added by the  constructors  function             new vector   my constructors index  x y                            if  global wasExecuted                                 this x   new vector x                  this y   new vector y                   break                                        toString            return   x    this x   y    this y                 Only the  Vector2d  class will be visible externally module exports   Vector2d      The useVector2d js file uses the Vector2d js module  const Vector   require    Vector2d     let v1   new Vector  x  2  y  3    console log  v1     v1 toString        let v2   new Vector 1  5 2   console log  v2     v2 toString        let v3   new Vector    console log  v3     v3 toString         Terminal output  v1    x  2  y  3  v2    x  1  y  5 2  v3    x  0  y  0   With this we avoid dirty code  many if s and switch s spread throughout the code   difficult to maintain and test  Each building function knows which conditions to test  Increasing and   or decreasing your building functions is now simple

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JavaScript doesn t have function overloading  including for methods or constructors   If you want a function to behave differently depending on the number and types of parameters you pass to it  you ll have to sniff them manually  JavaScript will happily call a function with more or fewer than the declared number of arguments   function foo a  b        if  b   undefined     parameter was omitted in call         b   some default value        if  typeof a     string           this  constructInSomeWay a  b       else if  a instanceof MyType          this  constructInSomeOtherWay a  b       You can also access arguments as an array-like to get any further arguments passed in   If you need more complex arguments  it can be a good idea to put some or all of them inside an object lookup   function bar argmap        if   optionalparam  in argmap          this  constructInSomeWay argmap param  argmap optionalparam              bar  param  1  optionalparam  2     Python demonstrates how default and named arguments can be used to cover the most use cases in a more practical and graceful way than function overloading  JavaScript  not so much

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How do you find this one  function Foobar foobar        this foobar   foobar     Foobar prototype         foobar  null     Foobar fromComponents   function foo  bar        var foobar   foo   bar      return new Foobar foobar         usage  the following two lines give the same result var x   Foobar fromComponents  Abc    Cde    var y   new Foobar  AbcDef

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export default class Order        static fromCart cart            var newOrder   new Order            newOrder items   cart items          newOrder sum   cart sum           return newOrder             static fromOrder id  order            var newOrder   new Order            newOrder id   id          newOrder items   order items          newOrder sum   order sum           return newOrder            Useges     var newOrder   Order fromCart cart    var newOrder   Order fromOrder id  oldOrder

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Going further with eruciform s answer  you can chain your new call into your init method   function Foo          this bar    baz      Foo prototype init 1   function  bar        this bar   bar      return this      Foo prototype init 2   function  baz        this bar    something to do with   baz      return this      var a   new Foo   init 1  constructor 1    var b   new Foo   init 2  constructor 2

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you can use class with static methods that return an instance of that class      class MyClass           constructor a b c d               this a   a             this b   b             this c   c             this d   d                   static BAndCInstance b c               return new MyClass null b c                    static BAndDInstance b d               return new MyClass null b  null d                         new Instance just with a and other is nul this can       use for other params that are first in constructor     const myclass new MyClass a         an Instance that has b and c params     const instanceWithBAndC   MyClass BAndCInstance b c         another example for b and d     const instanceWithBAndD   MyClass BAndDInstance b d    with this pattern you can create multi constructor

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Didn t feel like doing it by hand as in bobince s answer  so I just completely ripped off jQuery s plugin options pattern   Here s the constructor     default constructor for Preset  class  function Preset params        var properties     extend             these are the defaults         id  null          name  null          inItems              outItems             params        console log  Preset instantiated        this id   properties id      this name   properties name      this inItems   properties inItems      this outItems   properties outItems      Here s different ways of instantiation   presetNoParams   new Preset     presetEmptyParams   new Preset      presetSomeParams   new Preset  id  666  inItems   item 1    item 2      presetAllParams   new Preset  id  666  name   SOpreset   inItems    item 1    item 2    outItems    item 3    item 4        And here s what that made   presetNoParams Preset  id  null  name  null  inItems  Array 0   outItems  Array 0    presetEmptyParams Preset  id  null  name  null  inItems  Array 0   outItems  Array 0    presetSomeParams Preset  id  666  name  null  inItems  Array 2   outItems  Array 0    presetAllParams Preset  id  666  name   SOpreset   inItems  Array 2   outItems  Array 2

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Answering because this question is returned first in   google but the answers are now outdated    You can use Destructuring objects as constructor parameters in ES6  Here s the pattern    You can t have multiple constructors  but you can use destructuring and default values to do what you want   export class myClass      constructor   myArray    1  2  3   myString    Hello World                          And you can do this if you want to support a  parameterless  constructor   export class myClass          constructor  myArray    1  2  3   myString    Hello World

[javascript] JavaScript pattern for multiple constructors

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