Use this package, it just works: https://github.com/jdunck/python-unicodecsv.
Here is an alternative way of doing this using the not in
operator:
# define an empty dict
years_dict = dict()
for line in list:
# here define what key is, for example,
key = line[0]
# check if key is already present in dict
if key not in years_dict:
years_dict[key] = []
# append some value
years_dict[key].append(some.value)
type Services
at search, then start Services
then start all VM services
In Python >= 3.6 you can use new string literal feature:
with open('hst.txt', 'a') as fd:
fd.write(f'\n{name}')
Please notice using 'with statment' will automatically close the file when 'fd' runs out of scope
If you use Unix system, you can solve your problem in two commands. Where the first initialize configs and the second alters file with a file to ignore.
$ git config --global core.excludesfile ~/.gitignore
$ echo '.idea' >> ~/.gitignore
I believe this should work fine for any DataFrame columns list.
def column_list(x):
column_list_df = []
for col_name in x.columns:
y = col_name, len(x[col_name].unique())
column_list_df.append(y)
return pd.DataFrame(column_list_df)
column_list_df.rename(columns={0: "Feature", 1: "Value_count"})
The function "column_list" checks the columns names and then checks the uniqueness of each column values.
From the man git-stash
page:
The modifications stashed away by this command can be listed with git stash list, inspected with git stash show
show [<stash>]
Show the changes recorded in the stash as a diff between the stashed state and
its original parent. When no <stash> is given, shows the latest one. By default,
the command shows the diffstat, but it will accept any format known to git diff
(e.g., git stash show -p stash@{1} to view the second most recent stash in patch
form).
To list the stashed modifications
git stash list
To show files changed in the last stash
git stash show
So, to view the content of the most recent stash, run
git stash show -p
To view the content of an arbitrary stash, run something like
git stash show -p stash@{1}
Call Path.GetFullPath
; it will throw exceptions if the path is invalid.
To disallow relative paths (such as Word
), call Path.IsPathRooted
.
Just to complement the answer given by Thibaut Barrère.
I used
wget -r -nH --cut-dirs=5 -nc ftp://user:pass@server//absolute/path/to/directory
Note the double slash after the server name. If you don't put an extra slash the path is relative to the home directory of user.
-nH
avoids the creation of a directory named after the server name-nc
avoids creating a new file if it already exists on the destination (it is just skipped)--cut-dirs=5
allows to take the content of /absolute/path/to/directory and to put it in the directory where you launch wget. The number 5 is used to filter out the 5 components of the path. The double slash means an extra component.on the p element, add 3 styling rules.
.myCenteredPElement{
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
text-align: center;
}
you said:
my id coloumn is auto increment i have to get the id and convert it to another base.So i need to get the next id before insert cause converted code will be inserted too.
what you're asking for is very dangerous and will lead to a race condition. if your code is run twice at the same time by different users, they will both get 6 and their updates or inserts will step all over each other.
i suggest that you instead INSERT
in to the table, get the auto_increment value using LAST_INSERT_ID()
, and then UPDATE
the row to set whatever value you have that depends on the auto_increment value.
You could us the 'net use' command:
var p = System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("net.exe", "use K: \\\\Server\\path");
var isCompleted = p.WaitForExit(5000);
If that does not work in a service, try the Winapi and PInvoke WNetAddConnection2
Edit: Obviously I misunderstood you - you can not change the sourcecode of the service, right? In that case I would follow the suggestion by mdb, but with a little twist: Create your own service (lets call it mapping service) that maps the drive and add this mapping service to the dependencies for the first (the actual working) service. That way the working service will not start before the mapping service has started (and mapped the drive).
<?php
$test1='2010-04-19 18:31:27';
echo date('d/m/Y',strtotime($test1));
?>
try this
Cleanly read in a couple prompted values:
// Create a single reader which can be called multiple times
reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
// Prompt and read
fmt.Print("Enter text: ")
text, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
fmt.Print("Enter More text: ")
text2, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
// Trim whitespace and print
fmt.Printf("Text1: \"%s\", Text2: \"%s\"\n",
strings.TrimSpace(text), strings.TrimSpace(text2))
Here's a run:
Enter text: Jim
Enter More text: Susie
Text1: "Jim", Text2: "Susie"
<form name="input" action="some.php" method="post">
<input type="text" name="user" id="mytext">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
<script>
var w = someValue;
document.getElementById("mytext").value = w;
</script>
//php on some.php page
echo $_POST['user'];
About looping through a hash:
$Q = @{"ONE"="1";"TWO"="2";"THREE"="3"}
$Q.GETENUMERATOR() | % { $_.VALUE }
1
3
2
$Q.GETENUMERATOR() | % { $_.key }
ONE
THREE
TWO
C90 does not support the boolean data type.
C99 does include it with this include:
#include <stdbool.h>
$.ajax({
type:"POST",
url: "<?php echo admin_url('admin-ajax.php'); ?>",
data: associated_buildsorprojects_form,
success:function(data){
// do console.log(data);
console.log(data);
// you'll find that what exactly inside data
// I do not prefer alter(data); now because, it does not
// completes requirement all the time
// After that you can easily put if condition that you do not want like
// if(data != '')
// if(data == null)
// or whatever you want
},
error: function(errorThrown){
alert(errorThrown);
alert("There is an error with AJAX!");
}
});
Uhm, what's wrong with this:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(int, char **)
{
char c = 'A';
int x = c; // Look ma! No cast!
cout << "The character '" << c << "' has an ASCII code of " << x << endl;
return 0;
}
You'll have to do this in two steps:
If you don't have an internal repository, and you're just trying to add your JAR to your local repository, you can install it as follows, using any arbitrary groupId/artifactIds:
mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=com.stackoverflow... -DartifactId=yourartifactid... -Dversion=1.0 -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=/path/to/jarfile
You can also deploy it to your internal repository if you have one, and want to make this available to other developers in your organization. I just use my repository's web based interface to add artifacts, but you should be able to accomplish the same thing using mvn deploy:deploy-file ...
.
Then update the dependency in the pom.xml of the projects that use the JAR by adding the following to the element:
<dependencies>
...
<dependency>
<groupId>com.stackoverflow...</groupId>
<artifactId>artifactId...</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
...
</dependencies>
I faced the same issue although i added [System.Web.Mvc.AllowHtml]
to the concerning property as described in some answers.
In my case, i have an UnhandledExceptionFilter
class that accesses the Request object before MVC validation takes place (and therefore AllowHtml has not effect) and this access raises a [HttpRequestValidationException] A potentially dangerous Request.Form value was detected from the client
.
This means, accessing certain properties of a Request object implicitly fires validation (in my case its the Params
property).
A solution to prevent validation is documented on MSDN
To disable request validation for a specific field in a request (for example, for an input element or query string value), call the Request.Unvalidated method when you get the item, as shown in the following example
Therefore, if you have code like this
var lParams = aRequestContext.HttpContext.Request.Params;
if (lParams.Count > 0)
{
...
change it to
var lUnvalidatedRequest = aRequestContext.HttpContext.Request.Unvalidated;
var lForm = lUnvalidatedRequest.Form;
if (lForm.Count > 0)
{
...
or just use the Form
property which does not seem to fire validation
var lForm = aRequestContext.HttpContext.Request.Form;
if (lForm.Count > 0)
{
...
I updated extension method from @AminRostami to return IAsyncEnumerable (so LINQ filtering can be applied) and it's mapping Model Column name of records returned from DB to models (Tested with EF Core 5):
Extension itself:
public static class QueryHelper
{
private static string GetColumnName(this MemberInfo info)
{
List<ColumnAttribute> list = info.GetCustomAttributes<ColumnAttribute>().ToList();
return list.Count > 0 ? list.Single().Name : info.Name;
}
/// <summary>
/// Executes raw query with parameters and maps returned values to column property names of Model provided.
/// Not all properties are required to be present in model (if not present - null)
/// </summary>
public static async IAsyncEnumerable<T> ExecuteQuery<T>(
[NotNull] this DbContext db,
[NotNull] string query,
[NotNull] params SqlParameter[] parameters)
where T : class, new()
{
await using DbCommand command = db.Database.GetDbConnection().CreateCommand();
command.CommandText = query;
command.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
if (parameters != null)
{
foreach (SqlParameter parameter in parameters)
{
command.Parameters.Add(parameter);
}
}
await db.Database.OpenConnectionAsync();
await using DbDataReader reader = await command.ExecuteReaderAsync();
List<PropertyInfo> lstColumns = new T().GetType()
.GetProperties(BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic).ToList();
while (await reader.ReadAsync())
{
T newObject = new();
for (int i = 0; i < reader.FieldCount; i++)
{
string name = reader.GetName(i);
PropertyInfo prop = lstColumns.FirstOrDefault(a => a.GetColumnName().Equals(name));
if (prop == null)
{
continue;
}
object val = await reader.IsDBNullAsync(i) ? null : reader[i];
prop.SetValue(newObject, val, null);
}
yield return newObject;
}
}
}
Model used (note that Column names are different than actual property names):
public class School
{
[Key] [Column("SCHOOL_ID")] public int SchoolId { get; set; }
[Column("CLOSE_DATE", TypeName = "datetime")]
public DateTime? CloseDate { get; set; }
[Column("SCHOOL_ACTIVE")] public bool? SchoolActive { get; set; }
}
Actual usage:
public async Task<School> ActivateSchool(int schoolId)
{
// note that we're intentionally not returning "SCHOOL_ACTIVE" with select statement
// this might be because of certain IF condition where we return some other data
return await _context.ExecuteQuery<School>(
"UPDATE SCHOOL SET SCHOOL_ACTIVE = 1 WHERE SCHOOL_ID = @SchoolId; SELECT SCHOOL_ID, CLOSE_DATE FROM SCHOOL",
new SqlParameter("@SchoolId", schoolId)
).SingleAsync();
}
I guess the easy way may be is using QueryDSL, that comes with the Spring-Data.
Using to your question the answer can be
JPAQuery query = new JPAQuery(entityManager);
List<Tuple> result = query.from(projects).list(project.projectId, project.projectName);
for (Tuple row : result) {
System.out.println("project ID " + row.get(project.projectId));
System.out.println("project Name " + row.get(project.projectName));
}}
The entity manager can be Autowired and you always will work with object and clases without use *QL language.
As you can see in the link the last choice seems, almost for me, more elegant, that is, using DTO for store the result. Apply to your example that will be:
JPAQuery query = new JPAQuery(entityManager);
QProject project = QProject.project;
List<ProjectDTO> dtos = query.from(project).list(new QProjectDTO(project.projectId, project.projectName));
Defining ProjectDTO as:
class ProjectDTO {
private long id;
private String name;
@QueryProjection
public ProjectDTO(long projectId, String projectName){
this.id = projectId;
this.name = projectName;
}
public String getProjectId(){ ... }
public String getProjectName(){....}
}
You have to add header,or you will get http 400 error. The code works well on python2.6,centos5.4
code:
import urllib2,json
url = 'http://www.google.com/someservice'
postdata = {'key':'value'}
req = urllib2.Request(url)
req.add_header('Content-Type','application/json')
data = json.dumps(postdata)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req,data)
lvalue
means "left value" -- it should be assignable. You cannot change the value of text
since it is an array, not a pointer.
Either declare it as char pointer (in this case it's better to declare it as const char*
):
const char *text;
if(number == 2)
text = "awesome";
else
text = "you fail";
Or use strcpy:
char text[60];
if(number == 2)
strcpy(text, "awesome");
else
strcpy(text, "you fail");
Try this one http://jsfiddle.net/Husamuddin/ByNa3/
it works fine with me,
css
.table {
width:100%;
height:100%;
position:absolute;
display:table;
}
.cell {
display:table-cell;
vertical-align:middle;
width:100%;
height:100%:
}
and the html
<div class="table">
<div class="cell">Hello, I'm in the middle</div>
</div>
You can set your hash directly to URL too.
window.location.hash = "YourHash";
The result : http://url#YourHash
var datep = $('#datepicker').val();
if(Date.parse(datep)-Date.parse(new Date())<0)
{
// do something
}
I found out why this happening.
After looking at my settings on my wamp, i did not check http headers, since activated this, it now works.
Thank you everyone for trying to solve this. :)
You do not have permision to view this directory or page using the credentials that you supplied.
This happened despite the fact the user is already authenticated via Active Directory.
There can be many causes to Access Denied error, but if you think you’ve already configured everything correctly from your web application, there might be a little detail that’s forgotten. Make sure you give the proper permission to Authenticated Users to access your web application directory.
Here are the steps I took to solve this issue.
Right-click on the directory where the web application is stored and select Properties and click on Security tab.
Click on Click on Edit…, then Add… button. Type in Authenticated Users in the Enter the object names to select., then Add button. Type in Authenticated Users in the Enter the object names to select.
Click OK and you should see Authenticated Users as one of the user names. Give proper permissions on the Permissions for Authenticated Users box on the lower end if they’re not checked already.
Click OK twice to close the dialog box. It should take effect immediately, but if you want to be sure, you can restart IIS for your web application.
Refresh your browser and it should display the web page now.
Hope this helps!
for /f "tokens=* delims= " %%f in (myfile) do
This reads a file line-by-line, removing leading spaces (thanks, jeb).
set line=%%f
sets then the line
variable to the line just read and
call :procesToken
calls a subroutine that does something with the line
:processToken
is the start of the subroutine mentioned above.
for /f "tokens=1* delims=/" %%a in ("%line%") do
will then split the line at /
, but stopping tokenization after the first token.
echo Got one token: %%a
will output that first token and
set line=%%b
will set the line
variable to the rest of the line.
if not "%line%" == "" goto :processToken
And if line
isn't yet empty (i.e. all tokens processed), it returns to the start, continuing with the rest of the line.
This is the proper method of redirecting HTTP to HTTPS using .htaccess according to GoDaddy.com. The first line of code is self-explanatory. The second line of code checks to see if HTTPS is off, and if so it redirects HTTP to HTTPS by running the third line of code, otherwise the third line of code is ignored.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
https://www.godaddy.com/help/redirect-http-to-https-automatically-8828
Theres no shorthand way in vue 2.
Jeff's method seems already deprecated in vue 2.
Heres another way u can achieve your goal.
var app = new Vue({_x000D_
el:'#app',_x000D_
methods: { _x000D_
showMyDiv() {_x000D_
console.log(this.$refs.myDiv);_x000D_
}_x000D_
}_x000D_
_x000D_
});
_x000D_
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/vue.js"></script>_x000D_
<div id='app'>_x000D_
<div id="myDiv" ref="myDiv"></div>_x000D_
<button v-on:click="showMyDiv" >Show My Div</button>_x000D_
</div>
_x000D_
If you are on SQL Server 2008 or later you can use the date datatype:
SELECT *
FROM [User] U
WHERE CAST(U.DateCreated as DATE) = '2014-02-07'
It should be noted that if date column is indexed then this will still utilise the index and is SARGable. This is a special case for dates and datetimes.
You can see that SQL Server actually turns this into a > and < clause:
I've just tried this on a large table, with a secondary index on the date column as per @kobik's comments and the index is still used, this is not the case for the examples that use BETWEEN or >= and <:
SELECT *
FROM [User] U
WHERE CAST(U.DateCreated as DATE) = '2016-07-05'
The .before
argument in dplyr::add_row
can be used to specify the row.
dplyr::add_row(
cars,
speed = 0,
dist = 0,
.before = 3
)
#> speed dist
#> 1 4 2
#> 2 4 10
#> 3 0 0
#> 4 7 4
#> 5 7 22
#> 6 8 16
#> ...
To change the background color and not the tint the following piece of code will work:
[self.navigationController.navigationBar setBarTintColor:[UIColor greenColor]];
[self.navigationController.navigationBar setTranslucent:NO];
I've put this answer on a similar question that was marked as a duplicate of this question. The answer has helped a decent amount of people so I thought I'd add it here too in just in case.
This doesn't exactly answer the question but for anyone using AngularJS trying to achieve this, the answer is slightly different. And actually the normal answer won't work (at least it didn't for me).
Your html will look pretty similar to the normal radio button:
<input type='radio' name='group' ng-model='mValue' value='first' />First
<input type='radio' name='group' ng-model='mValue' value='second' /> Second
In your controller you'll have declared the mValue
that is associated with the radio buttons. To have one of these radio buttons preselected, assign the $scope
variable associated with the group to the desired input's value:
$scope.mValue="second"
This makes the "second" radio button selected on loading the page.
Since the accepted answer from "nsdel" is only avilable with one stylesheet in a document this is the adapted full working solution:
/**
* Gets styles by a classname
*
* @notice The className must be 1:1 the same as in the CSS
* @param string className_
*/
function getStyle(className_) {
var styleSheets = window.document.styleSheets;
var styleSheetsLength = styleSheets.length;
for(var i = 0; i < styleSheetsLength; i++){
var classes = styleSheets[i].rules || styleSheets[i].cssRules;
if (!classes)
continue;
var classesLength = classes.length;
for (var x = 0; x < classesLength; x++) {
if (classes[x].selectorText == className_) {
var ret;
if(classes[x].cssText){
ret = classes[x].cssText;
} else {
ret = classes[x].style.cssText;
}
if(ret.indexOf(classes[x].selectorText) == -1){
ret = classes[x].selectorText + "{" + ret + "}";
}
return ret;
}
}
}
}
Notice: The selector must be the same as in the CSS.
The error message explains it pretty well:
ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous.
Use a.any() or a.all()
What should bool(np.array([False, False, True]))
return? You can make several plausible arguments:
(1) True
, because bool(np.array(x))
should return the same as bool(list(x))
, and non-empty lists are truelike;
(2) True
, because at least one element is True
;
(3) False
, because not all elements are True
;
and that's not even considering the complexity of the N-d case.
So, since "the truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous", you should use .any()
or .all()
, for example:
>>> v = np.array([1,2,3]) == np.array([1,2,4])
>>> v
array([ True, True, False], dtype=bool)
>>> v.any()
True
>>> v.all()
False
and you might want to consider np.allclose
if you're comparing arrays of floats:
>>> np.allclose(np.array([1,2,3+1e-8]), np.array([1,2,3]))
True
You can use the CultureInfo to get the month name. You can even get the short month name as well as other fun things.
I would suggestion you put these into extension methods, which will allow you to write less code later. However you can implement however you like.
Here is an example of how to do it using extension methods:
using System;
using System.Globalization;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToMonthName());
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToShortMonthName());
Console.Read();
}
}
static class DateTimeExtensions
{
public static string ToMonthName(this DateTime dateTime)
{
return CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.DateTimeFormat.GetMonthName(dateTime.Month);
}
public static string ToShortMonthName(this DateTime dateTime)
{
return CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.DateTimeFormat.GetAbbreviatedMonthName(dateTime.Month);
}
}
Hope this helps!
Look at the traceback:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\bottle.py", line 821, in _cast
out = iter(out)
TypeError: 'bool' object is not iterable
Your code isn't iterating the value, but the code receiving it is.
The solution is: return an iterable. I suggest that you either convert the bool to a string (str(False)
) or enclose it in a tuple ((False,)
).
Always read the traceback: it's correct, and it's helpful.
Try this:
var value;
for (var key in dictionary) {
value = dictionary[key];
// your code here...
}
You can instruct tesseract to use only digits, and if that is not accurate enough then best chance of getting better results is to go trough training process: http://www.resolveradiologic.com/blog/2013/01/15/training-tesseract/
If you want to only get the unique elements and remove the elements which repeats even once, you can do this:
let array = [2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 8, 1, 1, 2, 9, 3, 5, 3, 4, 8, 4];
function removeDuplicates(inputArray) {
let output = [];
let countObject = {};
for (value of array) {
countObject[value] = (countObject[value] || 0) + 1;
}
for (key in countObject) {
if (countObject[key] === 1) {
output.push(key);
}
}
return output;
}
console.log(removeDuplicates(array));
_x000D_
Network tracing also available for next objects (see article on msdn)
Put next lines of code to the configuration file
<configuration>
<system.diagnostics>
<sources>
<source name="System.Net" tracemode="includehex" maxdatasize="1024">
<listeners>
<add name="System.Net"/>
</listeners>
</source>
<source name="System.Net.Cache">
<listeners>
<add name="System.Net"/>
</listeners>
</source>
<source name="System.Net.Http">
<listeners>
<add name="System.Net"/>
</listeners>
</source>
<source name="System.Net.Sockets">
<listeners>
<add name="System.Net"/>
</listeners>
</source>
<source name="System.Net.WebSockets">
<listeners>
<add name="System.Net"/>
</listeners>
</source>
</sources>
<switches>
<add name="System.Net" value="Verbose"/>
<add name="System.Net.Cache" value="Verbose"/>
<add name="System.Net.Http" value="Verbose"/>
<add name="System.Net.Sockets" value="Verbose"/>
<add name="System.Net.WebSockets" value="Verbose"/>
</switches>
<sharedListeners>
<add name="System.Net"
type="System.Diagnostics.TextWriterTraceListener"
initializeData="network.log"
/>
</sharedListeners>
<trace autoflush="true"/>
</system.diagnostics>
</configuration>
Change your directive definition from app.module
to app.directive
. Apart from that everything looks fine.
Btw, very rarely do you have to inject a service into a directive. If you are injecting a service ( which usually is a data source or model ) into your directive ( which is kind of part of a view ), you are creating a direct coupling between your view and model. You need to separate them out by wiring them together using a controller.
It does work fine. I am not sure what you are doing which is wrong. Here is a plunk of it working.
This should be easily resolved by importing headers from Angular:
import { Http, Headers } from "@angular/http";
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Test</title>
<style type="text/css">
body
,html
{
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
color: #FFF;
}
#header
{
float: left;
width: 100%;
background: red;
}
#content
{
height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
background: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="content">
<div id="header">
Header
<p>Header stuff</p>
</div>
Content
<p>Content stuff</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
In all sane browsers, you can put the "header" div before the content, as a sibling, and the same CSS will work. However, IE7- does not interpret the height correctly if the float is 100% in that case, so the header needs to be IN the content, as above. The overflow: auto will cause double scroll bars on IE (which always has the viewport scrollbar visible, but disabled), but without it, the content will clip if it overflows.
If appears to me that rows where Visible is set to false won't be accessible, that they are removed from the DOM rather than hidden, so I also used the Display: None approach. In my case, I wanted to have a hidden column that contained the key of the Row. To me, this declarative approach is a little cleaner than some of the other approaches that use code.
<style>
.HiddenCol{display:none;}
</style>
<%--ROW ID--%>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Row ID">
<HeaderStyle CssClass="HiddenCol" />
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="lblROW_ID" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("ROW_ID") %>'></asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
<ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Right" CssClass="HiddenCol" />
<EditItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox ID="txtROW_ID" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("ROW_ID") %>'></asp:TextBox>
</EditItemTemplate>
<FooterStyle CssClass="HiddenCol" />
</asp:TemplateField>
So my question is: Is there a way to tell the compiler that a long long int is the also a int64_t, just like long int is?
This is a good question or problem, but I suspect the answer is NO.
Also, a long int
may not be a long long int
.
# if __WORDSIZE == 64 typedef long int int64_t; # else __extension__ typedef long long int int64_t; # endif
I believe this is libc. I suspect you want to go deeper.
In both 32-bit compile with GCC (and with 32- and 64-bit MSVC), the output of the program will be:
int: 0 int64_t: 1 long int: 0 long long int: 1
32-bit Linux uses the ILP32 data model. Integers, longs and pointers are 32-bit. The 64-bit type is a long long
.
Microsoft documents the ranges at Data Type Ranges. The say the long long
is equivalent to __int64
.
However, the program resulting from a 64-bit GCC compile will output:
int: 0 int64_t: 1 long int: 1 long long int: 0
64-bit Linux uses the LP64
data model. Longs are 64-bit and long long
are 64-bit. As with 32-bit, Microsoft documents the ranges at Data Type Ranges and long long is still __int64
.
There's a ILP64
data model where everything is 64-bit. You have to do some extra work to get a definition for your word32
type. Also see papers like 64-Bit Programming Models: Why LP64?
But this is horribly hackish and does not scale well (actual functions of substance, uint64_t, etc)...
Yeah, it gets even better. GCC mixes and matches declarations that are supposed to take 64 bit types, so its easy to get into trouble even though you follow a particular data model. For example, the following causes a compile error and tells you to use -fpermissive
:
#if __LP64__
typedef unsigned long word64;
#else
typedef unsigned long long word64;
#endif
// intel definition of rdrand64_step (http://software.intel.com/en-us/node/523864)
// extern int _rdrand64_step(unsigned __int64 *random_val);
// Try it:
word64 val;
int res = rdrand64_step(&val);
It results in:
error: invalid conversion from `word64* {aka long unsigned int*}' to `long long unsigned int*'
So, ignore LP64
and change it to:
typedef unsigned long long word64;
Then, wander over to a 64-bit ARM IoT gadget that defines LP64
and use NEON:
error: invalid conversion from `word64* {aka long long unsigned int*}' to `uint64_t*'
I ended up using hexdump to convert the binary files to there hex representation and then opened them in meld / kompare / any other diff tool. Unlike you I was after the differences in the files.
hexdump tmp/Circle_24.png > tmp/hex1.txt
hexdump /tmp/Circle_24.png > tmp/hex2.txt
meld tmp/hex1.txt tmp/hex2.txt
With modern optimizing compilers, it's highly unlikely that a pure C program is going to be all that much faster than compiled .net code, if at all. With the productivity enhancement that frameworks like .net provide the developer, you can do things in a day that used to take weeks or months in regular C. Coupled with the cheap cost of hardware compared to a developer's salary, it's just WAY cheaper to write the stuff in a high-level language and throw hardware at any slowness.
The reason Jeff and Joel talk about C being the "real programmer" language is because there is no hand-holding in C. You must allocate your own memory, deallocate that memory, do your own bounds-checking, etc. There's no such thing as new object(); There's no garbage collection, classes, OOP, entity frameworks, LINQ, properties, attributes, fields, or anything like that. You have to know things like pointer arithmetic and how to dereference a pointer. And, for that matter, know and understand what a pointer is. You have to know what a stack frame is and what the instruction pointer is. You have to know the memory model of the CPU architecture you're working on. There is a lot of implicit understanding of the architecture of a microcomputer (usually the microcomputer you're working on) when programming in C that simply is not present nor necessary when programming in something like C# or Java. All of that information has been off-loaded to the compiler (or VM) programmer.
For assigning a keyboard key to button on the sheet you can use this code, just copy this code to the sheet which contain the button.
Here Return
specifies the key and get_detail
is the procedure name.
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range)
Application.OnKey "{RETURN}", "get_detail"
End Sub
Now within this sheet whenever you press Enter button the assigned macro will be called.
For How do I change the overall colors (background and font)?
For MAC : goto Sublime text -> Preferences -> color scheme
To insert into a very long string it is nice to use names for the different arguments, instead of hoping they are in the right positions. This also makes it easier to replace multiple recurrences.
>>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(latitude='37.24N', longitude='-115.81W')
'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'
Taken from Format examples, where all the other Format
-related answers are also shown.
why don't you store your values in HTML5 storage objects such as sessionStorage
or localStorage
, visit HTML5 Storage Doc to get more details. Using this you can store intermediate values temporarily/permanently locally and then access your values later.
To store values for a session:
sessionStorage.getItem('label')
sessionStorage.setItem('label', 'value')
or more permanently:
localStorage.getItem('label')
localStorage.setItem('label', 'value')
So you can store (temporarily) form data between multiple pages using HTML5 storage objects which you can even retain after reload..
Since at this point this question is almost a support group for people who suffer with various reasons on why WhatsApp wouldn't load the image preview, here's what was the root cause for my case, hoping it may help someone eventually:
og:image
content link is using HTTPSWhen I made my website available through https
, I forgot to specifically change the meta tags from http
to https
. Every other social media preview handled the image regardless, except for WhatsApp.
Simply making it https
fixed it for me.
This is slightly an edge case but I think it can add some value to the other answers.
If you add more details to the graph (say an annotation or a line) you'll soon discover that it is relevant when you call legend on the axis: if you call it at the bottom of the script it will capture different handles for the legend elements, messing everything.
For instance the following script:
df = pd.DataFrame({'A':26, 'B':20}, index=['N'])
ax = df.plot(kind='bar')
ax.hlines(23, -.5,.5, linestyles='dashed')
ax.annotate('average',(-0.4,23.5))
ax.legend(["AAA", "BBB"]); #quickfix: move this at the third line
Will give you this figure, which is wrong:
While this a toy example which can be easily fixed by changing the order of the commands, sometimes you'll need to modify the legend after several operations and hence the next method will give you more flexibility. Here for instance I've also changed the fontsize and position of the legend:
df = pd.DataFrame({'A':26, 'B':20}, index=['N'])
ax = df.plot(kind='bar')
ax.hlines(23, -.5,.5, linestyles='dashed')
ax.annotate('average',(-0.4,23.5))
ax.legend(["AAA", "BBB"]);
# do potentially more stuff here
h,l = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
ax.legend(h[:2],["AAA", "BBB"], loc=3, fontsize=12)
This is what you'll get:
Try this test:
any(substring in string for substring in substring_list)
It will return True
if any of the substrings in substring_list
is contained in string
.
Note that there is a Python analogue of Marc Gravell's answer in the linked question:
from itertools import imap
any(imap(string.__contains__, substring_list))
In Python 3, you can use map
directly instead:
any(map(string.__contains__, substring_list))
Probably the above version using a generator expression is more clear though.
You can simply use the toUTCString
(or toISOString
) methods of the date object.
Example:
new Date("Fri Jan 20 2012 11:51:36 GMT-0500").toUTCString()
// Output: "Fri, 20 Jan 2012 16:51:36 GMT"
If you prefer better control of the output format, consider using a library such as date-fns or moment.js.
Also, in your question, you've actually converted the time incorrectly. When an offset is shown in a timestamp string, it means that the date and time values in the string have already been adjusted from UTC by that value. To convert back to UTC, invert the sign before applying the offset.
11:51:36 -0300 == 14:51:36Z
This is another version which work in case you have some tasks to cleanup. Code will leave clean up process in their method.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"os/signal"
"syscall"
)
func main() {
_,done1:=doSomething1()
_,done2:=doSomething2()
//do main thread
println("wait for finish")
<-done1
<-done2
fmt.Print("clean up done, can exit safely")
}
func doSomething1() (error, chan bool) {
//do something
done:=make(chan bool)
c := make(chan os.Signal, 2)
signal.Notify(c, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
go func() {
<-c
//cleanup of something1
done<-true
}()
return nil,done
}
func doSomething2() (error, chan bool) {
//do something
done:=make(chan bool)
c := make(chan os.Signal, 2)
signal.Notify(c, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
go func() {
<-c
//cleanup of something2
done<-true
}()
return nil,done
}
in case you need to clean main function you need to capture signal in main thread using go func() as well.
As was in my case if your sql is generated by concatenating or uses converts then sql at execute need to be prefixed with letter N as below
e.g.
Exec N'Select bla..'
the N defines string literal is unicode.
Extending Jianxun's answer, using set_value
mehtod in pandas. It sets value for a column at given index.
From pandas documentations:
DataFrame.set_value(index, col, value)
To set value at particular index for a column, do:
df.set_value(index, 'COL_NAME', x)
Hope it helps.
==
operator compares the reference of an object in Java. You can use string's equals
method .
String s = "Test";
if(s.equals("Test"))
{
System.out.println("Equal");
}
class stack
{ private int top;
private int[] element;
stack()
{element=new int[10];
top=-1;
}
void push(int item)
{top++;
if(top==9)
System.out.println("Overflow");
else
{
top++;
element[top]=item;
}
void pop()
{if(top==-1)
System.out.println("Underflow");
else
top--;
}
void display()
{
System.out.println("\nTop="+top+"\nElement="+element[top]);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
stack s1=new stack();
s1.push(10);
s1.display();
s1.push(20);
s1.display();
s1.push(30);
s1.display();
s1.pop();
s1.display();
}
}
Output
Top=0
Element=10
Top=1
Element=20
Top=2
Element=30
Top=1
Element=20
Thanks everyone, you all helped me learn a lot. This is what I came up with using some of your suggestions
#this is apparently a better way of getting multiple inputs at the same time than the
#way I was doing it
text = raw_input("please give 2 numbers to multiply separated with a comma:")
split_text = text.split(',')
numa = int(split_text[0])
numb = int(split_text[1])
#standing variables
total = 0
if numb > 0:
repeat = numb
else:
repeat = -numb
#for loops work better than while loops and are cheaper
#output the total
for count in range(repeat):
total += numa
#check to make sure the output is accurate
if numb < 0:
total = -total
print total
Thanks for all the help everyone.
You should probably use String.hashCode().
If you really want to implement hashCode yourself:
Do not be tempted to exclude significant parts of an object from the hash code computation to improve performance -- Joshua Bloch, Effective Java
Using only the first five characters is a bad idea. Think about hierarchical names, such as URLs: they will all have the same hash code (because they all start with "http://", which means that they are stored under the same bucket in a hash map, exhibiting terrible performance.
Here's a war story paraphrased on the String hashCode from "Effective Java":
The String hash function implemented in all releases prior to 1.2 examined at most sixteen characters, evenly spaced throughout the string, starting with the first character. For large collections of hierarchical names, such as URLs, this hash function displayed terrible behavior.
// please check below code
public static boolean isDigitsOnly(CharSequence str) {
final int len = str.length();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
Try System.getProperty( "line.separator" )
writer.write(System.getProperty( "line.separator" ));
pathlib
module (python's object-oriented filesystem paths)Just for kicks, this is perhaps the latest pythonic version of the solution.
from pathlib import Path
path = Path(f'{player}.txt')
path.touch() # default exists_ok=True
with path.open('a') as highscore:
highscore.write(f'Username:{player}')
Apparently, gcc doesn't behave like the one described in The C Programming language, where it says that the command cc helloworld.c produces a file called a.out which can be run by typing a.out on the prompt.
A Unix hasn't behaved in that way by default (so you can just write the executable name without ./ at the front) in a long time. It's called a.exe, because else Windows won't execute it, as it gets file types from the extension.
I did this
QDir path("/home/user/");
QStringList _dirs = path.entryList(QDir::Dirs);
std::cout << "_dirs_count = " << _dirs.count() << std::endl;
ui->cmbbox->addItem(Files);
ui->cmbbox->show();
You will see with this that the QStringList named _dirs is structured like an array whose members you can access via an index up to the value returned by _dirs.count()
This sounds like a ClassLoader conflict. I'd bet you have the javax.persistence api 1.x on the classpath somewhere, whereas Spring is trying to access ValidationMode
, which was only introduced in JPA 2.0.
Since you use Maven, do mvn dependency:tree
, find the artifact:
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
And remove it from your setup. (See Excluding Dependencies)
AFAIK there is no such general distribution for JPA 2, but you can use this Hibernate-specific version:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.0-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
OK, since that doesn't work, you still seem to have some JPA-1 version in there somewhere. In a test method, add this code:
System.out.println(EntityManager.class.getProtectionDomain()
.getCodeSource()
.getLocation());
See where that points you and get rid of that artifact.
Ahh, now I finally see the problem. Get rid of this:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jpa</artifactId>
<version>2.0.8</version>
</dependency>
and replace it with
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>3.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
On a different note, you should set all test libraries (spring-test, easymock etc.) to
<scope>test</scope>
Do you really need to load it from a file? If you place it along your classes (in WEB-INF/classes) you can get an InputStream to it using the class loader:
InputStream csv =
SomeClassInTheSamePackage.class.getResourceAsStream("filename.csv");
I recently had this case where I needed to append to a list continuously in one thread, loop through the items and check if the item was ready, it was an AsyncResult in my case and remove it from the list only if it was ready. I could not find any examples that demonstrated my problem clearly Here is an example demonstrating adding to list in one thread continuously and removing from the same list in another thread continuously The flawed version runs easily on smaller numbers but keep the numbers big enough and run a few times and you will see the error
The FLAWED version
import threading
import time
# Change this number as you please, bigger numbers will get the error quickly
count = 1000
l = []
def add():
for i in range(count):
l.append(i)
time.sleep(0.0001)
def remove():
for i in range(count):
l.remove(i)
time.sleep(0.0001)
t1 = threading.Thread(target=add)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=remove)
t1.start()
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
print(l)
Output when ERROR
Exception in thread Thread-63:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/zup/.pyenv/versions/3.6.8/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Users/zup/.pyenv/versions/3.6.8/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 864, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "<ipython-input-30-ecfbac1c776f>", line 13, in remove
l.remove(i)
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
Version that uses locks
import threading
import time
count = 1000
l = []
lock = threading.RLock()
def add():
with lock:
for i in range(count):
l.append(i)
time.sleep(0.0001)
def remove():
with lock:
for i in range(count):
l.remove(i)
time.sleep(0.0001)
t1 = threading.Thread(target=add)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=remove)
t1.start()
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
print(l)
Output
[] # Empty list
Conclusion
As mentioned in the earlier answers while the act of appending or popping elements from the list itself is thread safe, what is not thread safe is when you append in one thread and pop in another
I tried a couple of codes, but end up using something as simple as (in Python 3):
from datetime import datetime
df['difference_in_datetime'] = abs(df['end_datetime'] - df['start_datetime'])
If your start_datetime and end_datetime columns are in datetime64[ns]
format, datetime understands it and return the difference in days + timestamp, which is in timedelta64[ns]
format.
If you want to see only the difference in days, you can separate only the date portion of the start_datetime and end_datetime by using (also works for the time portion):
df['start_date'] = df['start_datetime'].dt.date
df['end_date'] = df['end_datetime'].dt.date
And then run:
df['difference_in_days'] = abs(df['end_date'] - df['start_date'])
With current projects you may want to use the NS_ENUM()
or NS_OPTIONS()
macros.
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, PlayerState) {
PLAYER_OFF,
PLAYER_PLAYING,
PLAYER_PAUSED
};
To view the request or response HTTP headers in Google Chrome, take the following steps :
See my question: What is the best subversion client for Linux?
I also agree, GUI clients in linux suck.
I use subeclipse in Eclipse and RapidSVN in gnome.
You can query the table msdb.dbo.sysjobactivity to determine if the job is currently running.
Socket.IO allows you to “namespace” your sockets, which essentially means assigning different endpoints or paths.
This might help: http://socket.io/docs/rooms-and-namespaces/
If you are using arrow or if you don't mind using arrow. You can substitute python's time formatting for arrow's one.
import logging
from arrow.arrow import Arrow
class ArrowTimeFormatter(logging.Formatter):
def formatTime(self, record, datefmt=None):
arrow_time = Arrow.fromtimestamp(record.created)
if datefmt:
arrow_time = arrow_time.format(datefmt)
return str(arrow_time)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
default_handler = logging.StreamHandler()
default_handler.setFormatter(ArrowTimeFormatter(
fmt='%(asctime)s',
datefmt='YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss.SSS'
))
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
logger.addHandler(default_handler)
Now you can use all of arrow's time formatting in datefmt
attribute.
I tried using MP4Box for this task, but it couldn't handle the M4V I was dealing with. I had success embedding the SRT as soft subtitles with ffmpeg with the following command line:
ffmpeg -i input.m4v -i input.srt -vcodec copy -acodec copy -scodec copy -map 0:0 -map 0:1 -map 1:0 -y output.mkv
Like you I had to use an MKV output file - I wasn't able to create an M4V file.
I was facing this same issue and initially, I removed the row's right and left -ve margin and it removed the horizontal scroll, but it wasn't good. Then after 45 minutes of inspecting and searching, I found out that I was using container-fluid and was removing the padding and its inner row had left and right negative margins. So I gave container-fluid it's padding back and everything went back to normal.
If you do need to remove container-fluid padding, don't just remove every row's left and right negative margin in your project instead introduce a class and use that on your desired container
Add this link:
/usr/local/lib/*.so.*
The total is:
g++ -o main.out main.cpp -I /usr/local/include -I /usr/local/include/opencv -I /usr/local/include/opencv2 -L /usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/*.so /usr/local/lib/*.so.*
First of all, you should be using json.loads
, not json.dumps
. loads
converts JSON source text to a Python value, while dumps
goes the other way.
After you fix that, based on the JSON snippet at the top of your question, readable_json
will be a list, and so readable_json['firstName']
is meaningless. The correct way to get the 'firstName'
field of every element of a list is to eliminate the playerstuff = readable_json['firstName']
line and change for i in playerstuff:
to for i in readable_json:
.
From this reference:
An int was originally intended to be the "natural" word size of the processor. Many modern processors can handle different word sizes with equal ease.
Also, this bit:
On many (but not all) C and C++ implementations, a long is larger than an int. Today's most popular desktop platforms, such as Windows and Linux, run primarily on 32 bit processors and most compilers for these platforms use a 32 bit int which has the same size and representation as a long.
I had this error. Nothing worked for me until I opened the SQLServer log file in the "MSSQL10_50" Log folder. That clearly stated which file could not be overwritten. It turned out that the .mdf file was being written into the "MSSQL10" data folder. I made sure that folder had the same SQLServer user permissions as the "MSSQL10_50" equivalent folder. Then it all worked.
The issue here is that the error detail is logged but not reported, so check the logs.
Use Fail module.
- fail: msg="The execution has failed because of errors." when: flag == "failed"
Update:
Use register to store the result of a task like you have shown in your example. Then, use a task like this:
- name: Set flag
set_fact: flag = failed
when: "'FAILED' in command_result.stderr"
In Java 8:
Arrays.sort(files, (a, b) -> Long.compare(a.lastModified(), b.lastModified()));
Would like to mention that the jQuery UI DatePicker widget has a very good date validator utility method that checks for format and validity (e.g., no 01/33/2013 dates allowed).
Even if you don't want to use the datepicker widget on your page as a UI element, you can always add its .js library to your page and then call the validator method, passing the value you want to validate into it. To make life even easier, it takes a string as input, not a JavaScript Date object.
See: http://api.jqueryui.com/datepicker/
It's not listed as a method, but it is there-- as a utility function. Search the page for "parsedate" and you'll find:
$.datepicker.parseDate( format, value, settings ) - Extract a date from a string value with a specified format.
Example usage:
var stringval = '01/03/2012';
var testdate;
try {
testdate = $.datepicker.parseDate('mm/dd/yy', stringval);
// Notice 'yy' indicates a 4-digit year value
} catch (e)
{
alert(stringval + ' is not valid. Format must be MM/DD/YYYY ' +
'and the date value must be valid for the calendar.';
}
(More info re specifying date formats is found at http://api.jqueryui.com/datepicker/#utility-parseDate)
In the above example, you wouldn't see the alert message since '01/03/2012' is a calendar-valid date in the specified format. However if you made 'stringval' equal to '13/04/2013', for example, you would get the alert message, since the value '13/04/2013' is not calendar-valid.
If a passed-in string value is successfully parsed, the value of 'testdate' would be a Javascript Date object representing the passed-in string value. If not, it'd be undefined.
If you know the kernel file is installed on your machine, then problem is getting emulator.exe to find it.
My fix was based on the post by user2789389. I could launch the AVD from the AVD Manager, but not from the command line. So, using AVD Manager, I selected the avd I wanted to run and clicked "Details". That showed me the path to the avd definition file. Within a folder of the same name, next to this .avd file, I found a config.ini file. In the ini, I found the following line:
image.sysdir.1=system-images\android-19\default\armeabi-v7a\
I looked in the folder C:\Users\XXXX\android-sdks\system-images\android-19, and found that the image.sysdir.1 path was invalid. I had to remove the "default" sub folder, thus changing it to the following:
image.sysdir.1=system-images\android-19\armeabi-v7a\
I saved the ini and tried again to launch the AVD. That fixed the problem!
The onclick
attribute on your anchor tag is going to call a client-side function. (This is what you would use if you wanted to call a javascript function when the link is clicked.)
What you want is a server-side control, like the LinkButton
:
<asp:LinkButton ID="lnkTutorial" runat="server" Text="Tutorial" OnClick="displayTutorial_Click"/>
This has an OnClick
attribute that will call the method in your code behind.
Looking further into your code, it looks like you're just trying to open a different tutorial based on access level of the user. You don't need an event handler for this at all. A far better approach would be to just set the end point of your LinkButton
control in the code behind.
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
userinfo = (UserInfo)Session["UserInfo"];
if (userinfo.user == "Admin")
{
lnkTutorial.PostBackUrl = "help/AdminTutorial.html";
}
else
{
lnkTutorial.PostBackUrl = "help/UserTutorial.html";
}
}
Really, it would be best to check that you actually have a user first.
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (Session["UserInfo"] != null && ((UserInfo)Session["UserInfo"]).user == "Admin")
{
lnkTutorial.PostBackUrl = "help/AdminTutorial.html";
}
else
{
lnkTutorial.PostBackUrl = "help/UserTutorial.html";
}
}
Check the properties of your projectm the platform target. Install the corresponding version of Crystal Reports:
To x86 > CRforVS_redist_install_32bit
To x64 > CRforVS_redist_install_64bit
You can't declare a variable as Decimal
- you have to use Variant
(you can use CDec
to populate it with a Decimal
type though).
This worked for me
For folks using MongoClient
try this:
MongoClient.connect(connectionurl,
{useUnifiedTopology: true, useNewUrlParser: true}, callback() {
For mongoose:
mongoose.connect(connectionurl,
{useUnifiedTopology: true, useNewUrlParser: true}).then(()=>{
Remove other connectionOptions
If you really want your includes method on an ArrayList, just add it:
ArrayList.metaClass.includes = { i -> i in delegate }
For Alpine Linux:
$ apk add mariadb-dev mariadb-client mariadb-libs
MariaDB is a drop-in replacement for MySQL and became the new standard as of Alpine 3.2. See https://bugs.alpinelinux.org/issues/4264
My solution is
fig = plt.figure()
fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 1) #top and bottom left
fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 2) #top right
fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 4) #bottom right
plt.show()
Try doing this:
Set-Item WSMan:\localhost\Client\TrustedHosts -Value "*" -Force
When you use git push origin :staleStuff
, it automatically removes origin/staleStuff
, so when you ran git remote prune origin
, you have pruned some branch that was removed by someone else. It's more likely that your co-workers now need to run git prune
to get rid of branches you have removed.
So what exactly git remote prune
does? Main idea: local branches (not tracking branches) are not touched by git remote prune
command and should be removed manually.
Now, a real-world example for better understanding:
You have a remote repository with 2 branches: master
and feature
. Let's assume that you are working on both branches, so as a result you have these references in your local repository (full reference names are given to avoid any confusion):
refs/heads/master
(short name master
)refs/heads/feature
(short name feature
)refs/remotes/origin/master
(short name origin/master
)refs/remotes/origin/feature
(short name origin/feature
)Now, a typical scenario:
feature
, merges it into master
and removes feature
branch from remote repository.git fetch
(or git pull
), no references are removed from your local repository, so you still have all those 4 references.git remote prune origin
.feature
branch no longer exists, so refs/remotes/origin/feature
is a stale branch which should be removed. refs/heads/feature
, because git remote prune
does not remove any refs/heads/*
references.It is possible to identify local branches, associated with remote tracking branches, by branch.<branch_name>.merge
configuration parameter. This parameter is not really required for anything to work (probably except git pull
), so it might be missing.
(updated with example & useful info from comments)
This will also work
std::string s;
std::cout<<"Enter the String";
std::getline(std::cin, s);
char *a=new char[s.size()+1];
a[s.size()]=0;
memcpy(a,s.c_str(),s.size());
std::cout<<a;
To change or remove the passphrase, I often find it simplest to pass in only the p
and f
flags, then let the system prompt me to supply the passphrases:
ssh-keygen -p -f <name-of-private-key>
For instance:
ssh-keygen -p -f id_rsa
Enter an empty password if you want to remove the passphrase.
A sample run to remove or change a password looks something like this:
ssh-keygen -p -f id_rsa
Enter old passphrase:
Key has comment 'bcuser@pl1909'
Enter new passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.
When adding a passphrase to a key that has no passphrase, the run looks something like this:
ssh-keygen -p -f id_rsa
Key has comment 'charlie@elf-path'
Enter new passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.
Intersect the targets with the haystack and make sure the intersection is precisely equal to the targets:
$haystack = array(...);
$target = array('foo', 'bar');
if(count(array_intersect($haystack, $target)) == count($target)){
// all of $target is in $haystack
}
Note that you only need to verify the size of the resulting intersection is the same size as the array of target values to say that $haystack
is a superset of $target
.
To verify that at least one value in $target
is also in $haystack
, you can do this check:
if(count(array_intersect($haystack, $target)) > 0){
// at least one of $target is in $haystack
}
It's actually pretty easy. (If you're using Angular 2+ anyway.)
Simply add
declare var myGlobalVarName;
Somewhere in the top of your component file (such as after the "import" statements), and you'll be able to access "myGlobalVarName" anywhere inside your component.
For example I am using this technique in Basket functionality.
Let us add new Item to Basket.
var productArray=[];
$(document).on('click','[cartBtn]',function(e){
e.preventDefault();
$(this).html('<i class="fa fa-check"></i>Added to cart');
console.log('Item added ');
var productJSON={"id":$(this).attr('pr_id'), "nameEn":$(this).attr('pr_name_en'), "price":$(this).attr('pr_price'), "image":$(this).attr('pr_image'), "quantity":1, "discount":0, "total":$(this).attr('pr_price')};
if(localStorage.getObj('product')!==null){
productArray=localStorage.getObj('product');
productArray.push(productJSON);
localStorage.setObj('product', productArray);
}
else{
productArray.push(productJSON);
localStorage.setObj('product', productArray);
}
itemCountInCart(productArray.length);
});
After adding some item to basket - generates json array like this
[
{
"id": "95",
"nameEn": "New Braslet",
"price": "8776",
"image": "1462012394815.jpeg",
"quantity": 1,
"discount": 0,
"total": "8776"
},
{
"id": "96",
"nameEn": "new braslet",
"price": "76",
"image": "1462012431497.jpeg",
"quantity": 1,
"discount": 0,
"total": "76"
},
{
"id": "97",
"nameEn": "khjk",
"price": "87",
"image": "1462012483421.jpeg",
"quantity": 1,
"discount": 0,
"total": "87"
}
]
For Removing some item from Basket.
$(document).on('click','[itemRemoveBtn]',function(){
var arrayFromLocal=localStorage.getObj('product');
findAndRemove(arrayFromLocal,"id",$(this).attr('basketproductid'));
localStorage.setObj('product', arrayFromLocal);
loadBasketFromLocalStorageAndRender();
});
//This function will remove element by specified property. In my case this is ID.
function findAndRemove(array, property, value) {
array.forEach(function(result, index) {
if(result[property] === value) {
//Remove from array
console.log('Removed from index is '+index+' result is '+JSON.stringify(result));
array.splice(index, 1);
}
});
}
And Finally the real answer of the question "Updating a JSON object using JS". In my example updating product quantity and total price on changing the "number" element value.
$(document).on('keyup mouseup','input[type=number]',function(){
var arrayFromLocal=localStorage.getObj('product');
setQuantityAndTotalPrice(arrayFromLocal,$(this).attr('updateItemid'),$(this).val());
localStorage.setObj('product', arrayFromLocal);
loadBasketFromLocalStorageAndRender();
});
function setQuantityAndTotalPrice(array,id,quantity) {
array.forEach(function(result, index) {
if(result.id === id) {
result.quantity=quantity;
result.total=(quantity*result.price);
}
});
}
By setting the scale, you decrease the precision. Try NUMBER(16,2).
How about
when( method-call ).thenReturn( value1, value2, value3 );
You can put as many arguments as you like in the brackets of thenReturn, provided they're all the correct type. The first value will be returned the first time the method is called, then the second answer, and so on. The last value will be returned repeatedly once all the other values are used up.
Starting with Ruby 2.4.0, you may use RegExp#match?
:
pattern.match?(string)
Regexp#match?
is explicitly listed as a performance enhancement in the release notes for 2.4.0, as it avoids object allocations performed by other methods such as Regexp#match
and =~
:
Regexp#match?
AddedRegexp#match?
, which executes a regexp match without creating a back reference object and changing$~
to reduce object allocation.
substring(int startpos, int lenght);
Warning - this could potentially overwrite files.
git init
git remote add origin PATH/TO/REPO
git fetch
git checkout -t origin/master -f
Modified from @cmcginty's answer - without the -f it didn't work for me
Xcode 10.2.1 was not recognizing my ipad mini. I unplugged and rebooted the mini and it became visible.
If you want to merge changes in SubBranch to MainBranch
git checkout MainBranch
git merge SubBranch
You can try this as well:
from time import perf_counter
t0 = perf_counter()
...
t1 = perf_counter()
time_taken = t1 - t0
For people still looking a couple of years later, things have changed a bit. You can now use the queue
for .fadeIn()
as well so that it will work like this:
$('.tooltip').fadeIn({queue: false, duration: 'slow'});
$('.tooltip').animate({ top: "-10px" }, 'slow');
This has the benefit of working on display: none
elements so you don't need the extra two lines of code.
This article Creating virtual hosts on Apache 2.2 helps me (point 9) permissions to the top virtual hosts directory.
I simply add this lines to my vhosts.conf file:
<Directory I:/projects/webserver>
Order Deny,Allow
Allow from all
</Directory>
I'm looking this Firebase is , development from google cloud messaging push notification fundamental so we can use the gcm tutorial,function and implementation in firebase , i using funtion of gcm push notification function to solve this click_action problem i use gcm function **
'notificationclick'
** try this save url click_action in variable url this is in server-worker.js
var url = "";
messaging.setBackgroundMessageHandler(function(payload) {
console.log('[firebase-messaging-sw.js] Received background message ', payload);
// Customize notification here
url = payload.data.click_action;
const notificationTitle = payload.data.title;
const notificationOptions = {
body: payload.data.body ,
icon: 'firebase-logo.png'
};
return self.registration.showNotification(notificationTitle,
notificationOptions);
});
//i got this in google cloud messaging push notification
self.addEventListener('notificationclick', function (event) {
event.notification.close();
var clickResponsePromise = Promise.resolve();
clickResponsePromise = clients.openWindow(url);
event.waitUntil(Promise.all([clickResponsePromise, self.analytics.trackEvent('notification-click')]));
});
To compare date time, you can try this. Datetime format can be changed
from datetime import datetime
>>> a = datetime.strptime("10/12/2013", "%m/%d/%Y")
>>> b = datetime.strptime("10/15/2013", "%m/%d/%Y")
>>> a>b
False
I have a web page consisting of a number of vertically stacked div containers, identical in format and differing only in serial number. I wanted to hide the name anchor at the top of each div, so the most economical solution turned out to be including the anchor as an id within the opening div tag, i.e,
<div id="[serial number]" class="topic_wrapper">
Use this function to convert from any format to any format
function reformatDate($date, $from_format = 'd/m/Y', $to_format = 'Y-m-d') {
$date_aux = date_create_from_format($from_format, $date);
return date_format($date_aux,$to_format);
}
I have met this problem with a column that has ENUM values('0','1').
When I was trying to save a new record, I was assigning value 0 for the ENUM variable.
For the solution: I have changed ENUM variable value from 0 to 1, and 1 to 2.
Yes, just create a directory in your solution like lib/, and then add your dll to that directory in the filesystem and add it in the project (Add->Existing Item->etc). Then add the reference based on your project.
I have done this several times under svn and under cvs.
You can also do:
(from u in table
orderby u.Status descending
select u).Take(1);
If you want to make your PK auto increment, you need to set the ID column property for that primary key.
See the picture below for better understanding.
// My source is: http://techatplay.wordpress.com/2013/11/22/oracle-sql-developer-create-auto-incrementing-primary-key/
Here's a possible solution:
Snippet:
ul {_x000D_
width: 760px;_x000D_
margin-bottom: 20px;_x000D_
overflow: hidden;_x000D_
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;_x000D_
}_x000D_
li {_x000D_
line-height: 1.5em;_x000D_
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;_x000D_
float: left;_x000D_
display: inline;_x000D_
}_x000D_
#double li {_x000D_
width: 50%;_x000D_
}
_x000D_
<ul id="double">_x000D_
<li>first</li>_x000D_
<li>second</li>_x000D_
<li>third</li>_x000D_
<li>fourth</li>_x000D_
</ul>
_x000D_
And it is done.
For 3 columns use li
width as 33%, for 4 columns use 25% and so on.
If you add -Wl,--start-group
to the linker flags it does not care which order they're in or if there are circular dependencies.
On Qt this means adding:
QMAKE_LFLAGS += -Wl,--start-group
Saves loads of time messing about and it doesn't seem to slow down linking much (which takes far less time than compilation anyway).
It is clear that most people who haven't used SQL Server Enterprise Manager don't understand the question (i.e. Justin Cave).
I came upon this post when I wanted to know the same thing.
Using SQL Server, when you are editing your data through the MS SQL Server GUI Tools, you can use a KEYBOARD SHORTCUT to insert a NULL rather than having just an EMPTY CELL, as they aren't the same thing. An empty cell can have a space in it, rather than being NULL, even if it is technically empty. The difference is when you intentionally WANT to put a NULL in a cell rather than a SPACE or to empty it and NOT using a SQL statement to do so.
So, the question really is, how do I put a NULL value in the cell INSTEAD of a space to empty the cell?
I think the answer is, that the way the Oracle Developer GUI works, is as Laniel indicated above, And THAT should be marked as the answer to this question.
Oracle Developer seems to default to NULL when you empty a cell the way the op is describing it.
Additionally, you can force Oracle Developer to change how your null cells look by changing the color of the background color to further demonstrate when a cell holds a null:
Tools->Preferences->Advanced->Display Null Using Background Color
or even the VALUE it shows when it's null:
Tools->Preferences->Advanced->Display Null Value As
Hope that helps in your transition.
If you can't use the delay
method as Robert Harvey suggested, you can use setTimeout
.
Eg.
setTimeout(function() {$("#test").animate({"top":"-=80px"})} , 1500); // delays 1.5 sec
setTimeout(function() {$("#test").animate({"opacity":"0"})} , 1500 + 1000); // delays 1 sec after the previous one
change them to rows
rows = zip(list1,list2,list3,list4,list5)
then just
import csv
with open(newfilePath, "w") as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
for row in rows:
writer.writerow(row)
The minimal required author format, as hinted to in this SO answer, is
Name <email>
In your case, this means you want to write
git commit --author="Name <email>" -m "whatever"
Per Willem D'Haeseleer's comment, if you don't have an email address, you can use <>
:
git commit --author="Name <>" -m "whatever"
As written on the git commit
man page that you linked to, if you supply anything less than that, it's used as a search token to search through previous commits, looking for other commits by that author.
SELECT
B.Title, B.Edition, B.Year, B.Pages, B.Rating --from Books
, C.Category --from Categories
, P.Publisher --from Publishers
, W.LastName --from Writers
FROM Books B
JOIN Categories_Books CB ON B._ISBN = CB._Books_ISBN
JOIN Categories_Books CB ON CB.__Categories_Category_ID = C._CategoryID
JOIN Publishers P ON B.PublisherID = P._Publisherid
JOIN Writers_Books WB ON B._ISBN = WB._Books_ISBN
JOIN Writers W ON WB._Writers_WriterID = W._WriterID
Use Encoding.Convert to adjust the byte array before attempting to decode it into your destination encoding.
Encoding iso = Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1");
Encoding utf8 = Encoding.UTF8;
byte[] utfBytes = utf8.GetBytes(Message);
byte[] isoBytes = Encoding.Convert(utf8, iso, utfBytes);
string msg = iso.GetString(isoBytes);
PROBLEM :-
Sometimes, Localhost may not get resolved. So it tends to return an output as seen below :
# curl -XGET localhost:9200/_cluster/health?pretty
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html><head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<title>ERROR: The requested URL could not be retrieved</title>
<style type="text/css"><!--BODY{background-color:#ffffff;font-family:verdana,sans-serif}PRE{font-family:sans-serif}--></style>
</head><body>
<h1>ERROR</h1>
<h2>The requested URL could not be retrieved</h2>
<hr>
<p>The following error was encountered while trying to retrieve the URL: <a href="http://localhost:9200/_cluster/health?">http://localhost:9200/_cluster/health?</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Connection to 127.0.0.1 failed.</b></p>
</blockquote>
<p>The system returned: <i>(111) Connection refused</i></p>
<p>The remote host or network may be down. Please try the request again.</p>
<p>Your cache administrator is <a href="mailto:root?subject=CacheErrorInfo%20-%20ERR_CONNECT_FAIL&body=CacheHost%3A%20squid2%0D%0AErrPage%3A%20ERR_CONNECT_FAIL%0D%0AErr%3A%20(111)%20Connection%20refused%0D%0ATimeStamp%3A%20Mon,%2017%20Dec%202018%2008%3A07%3A36%20GMT%0D%0A%0D%0AClientIP%3A%20192.168.13.14%0D%0AServerIP%3A%20127.0.0.1%0D%0A%0D%0AHTTP%20Request%3A%0D%0AGET%20%2F_cluster%2Fhealth%3Fpretty%20HTTP%2F1.1%0AUser-Agent%3A%20curl%2F7.29.0%0D%0AHost%3A%20localhost%3A9200%0D%0AAccept%3A%20*%2F*%0D%0AProxy-Connection%3A%20Keep-Alive%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0A">root</a>.</p>
<br>
<hr>
<div id="footer">Generated Mon, 17 Dec 2018 08:07:36 GMT by squid2 (squid/3.0.STABLE25)</div>
</body></html>
# curl -XGET localhost:9200/_cat/indices
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html><head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<title>ERROR: The requested URL could not be retrieved</title>
<style type="text/css"><!--BODY{background-color:#ffffff;font-family:verdana,sans-serif}PRE{font-family:sans-serif}--></style>
</head><body>
<h1>ERROR</h1>
<h2>The requested URL could not be retrieved</h2>
<hr>
<p>The following error was encountered while trying to retrieve the URL: <a href="http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices">http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Connection to 127.0.0.1 failed.</b></p>
</blockquote>
<p>The system returned: <i>(111) Connection refused</i></p>
<p>The remote host or network may be down. Please try the request again.</p>
<p>Your cache administrator is <a href="mailto:root?subject=CacheErrorInfo%20-%20ERR_CONNECT_FAIL&body=CacheHost%3A%20squid2%0D%0AErrPage%3A%20ERR_CONNECT_FAIL%0D%0AErr%3A%20(111)%20Connection%20refused%0D%0ATimeStamp%3A%20Mon,%2017%20Dec%202018%2008%3A10%3A09%20GMT%0D%0A%0D%0AClientIP%3A%20192.168.13.14%0D%0AServerIP%3A%20127.0.0.1%0D%0A%0D%0AHTTP%20Request%3A%0D%0AGET%20%2F_cat%2Findices%20HTTP%2F1.1%0AUser-Agent%3A%20curl%2F7.29.0%0D%0AHost%3A%20localhost%3A9200%0D%0AAccept%3A%20*%2F*%0D%0AProxy-Connection%3A%20Keep-Alive%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0A">root</a>.</p>
<br>
<hr>
<div id="footer">Generated Mon, 17 Dec 2018 08:10:09 GMT by squid2 (squid/3.0.STABLE25)</div>
</body></html>
SOLUTION :-
Guess, this error is most probably returned by Local Squid deployed in the server.
So, it worked fine and good after replacing localhost by the local_ip in which the ElasticSearch has been deployed.
You could create a function that reads an integer between 1 and 23 or returns 0 if non-int
e.g.
int getInt()
{
int n = 0;
char buffer[128];
fgets(buffer,sizeof(buffer),stdin);
n = atoi(buffer);
return ( n > 23 || n < 1 ) ? 0 : n;
}
@ImportanceOfBeingErnest 's answer is good if you only want to change the linewidth inside the legend box. But I think it is a bit more complex since you have to copy the handles before changing legend linewidth. Besides, it can not change the legend label fontsize. The following two methods can not only change the linewidth but also the legend label text font size in a more concise way.
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# make some data
x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi)
y1 = np.sin(x)
y2 = np.cos(x)
# plot sin(x) and cos(x)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(x, y1, c='b', label='y1')
ax.plot(x, y2, c='r', label='y2')
leg = plt.legend()
# get the individual lines inside legend and set line width
for line in leg.get_lines():
line.set_linewidth(4)
# get label texts inside legend and set font size
for text in leg.get_texts():
text.set_fontsize('x-large')
plt.savefig('leg_example')
plt.show()
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# make some data
x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi)
y1 = np.sin(x)
y2 = np.cos(x)
# plot sin(x) and cos(x)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(x, y1, c='b', label='y1')
ax.plot(x, y2, c='r', label='y2')
leg = plt.legend()
# get the lines and texts inside legend box
leg_lines = leg.get_lines()
leg_texts = leg.get_texts()
# bulk-set the properties of all lines and texts
plt.setp(leg_lines, linewidth=4)
plt.setp(leg_texts, fontsize='x-large')
plt.savefig('leg_example')
plt.show()
The above two methods produce the same output image:
UPDATE: THIS ANSWER IS SERIOUSLY OUTDATED. Please use the recommendations from the https://stackoverflow.com/a/10402129/251311 instead.
You can either use
var md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
var md5data = md5.ComputeHash(data);
or
var sha1 = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();
var sha1data = sha1.ComputeHash(data);
To get data
as byte array you could use
var data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(password);
and to get back string from md5data
or sha1data
var hashedPassword = ASCIIEncoding.GetString(md5data);
It is up to the http server to decide if there is a limit. The product I work on allows the admin to configure the limit.
Just to add another option that we low level dinosaur programmers use...
An old school method that's been around since three years after the dawn of time would be the Intel HEX format. It was established in 1973 and the UNIX epoch started on January 1, 1970.
The json would look like:
{
"data": [
":10010000214601360121470136007EFE09D2190140",
":100110002146017E17C20001FF5F16002148011928",
":10012000194E79234623965778239EDA3F01B2CAA7",
":100130003F0156702B5E712B722B732146013421C7",
":00000001FF"
]
}
private const string BulkSetPriceFile = "test.txt";
...
var fullname = Path.GetFullPath(BulkSetPriceFile);
This will work although when embedding PHP in HTML it is better practice to use the following form:
<table>
<?php foreach($array as $key=>$value): ?>
<tr>
<td><?= $key; ?></td>
</tr>
<?php endforeach; ?>
</table>
You can find the doc for the alternative syntax on PHP.net
You should not make an ajax call, just put the src of the img element as the url of the image.
This would be useful if you use GET instead of POST
<script type="text/javascript" >
$(document).ready( function() {
$('.div_imagetranscrits').html('<img src="get_image_probes_via_ajax.pl?id_project=xxx" />')
} );
</script>
If you want to POST to that image and do it the way you do (trying to parse the contents of the image on the client side, you could try something like this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_URI_scheme
You'll need to encode the data
to base64, then you could put data:[<MIME-type>][;charset=<encoding>][;base64],<data>
into the img src
as example:
<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="Red dot img" />
To encode to base64:
1, Map<String, List<String>> map = new HashMap<>();
this verbose solution has multiple drawbacks and is prone to errors. It implies that we need to instantiate a Collection for every value, check for its presence before adding or removing a value, delete it manually when no values are left, etcetera.
2, org.apache.commons.collections4.MultiMap interface
3, com.google.common.collect.Multimap interface
The DEFAULT
value of a column in MySql is used only if it isn't provided a value for that column.
So if you
INSERT INTO contactinfo (name, email, subject, date, comments)
VALUES ('$name', '$email', '$subject', '', '$comments')
You are not using the DEFAULT
value for the column date
, but you are providing an empty string, so you get an error, because you can't store an empty string in a DATETIME
column.
The same thing apply if you use NULL
, because again NULL
is a value.
However, if you remove the column from the list of the column you are inserting, MySql will use the DEFAULT
value specified for that column (or the data type default one)
I had this problem too, somehow my code did not present the exact values but rounded the number in seconds to 0.0 (if milliseconds was under 1 second). What helped me out is adding the decimal to the division value.
double time_seconds = time_milliseconds / 1000.0; // add the decimal
System.out.println(time_milliseconds); // Now this should give you the right value.
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<form action="submit.php" method="POST">
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /><br />
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
After that one more file which page you want to display after pressing the submit button
submit.php
<html>
<body>
Your First Name is - <?php echo $_POST["firstname"]; ?><br>
Your Last Name is - <?php echo $_POST["lastname"]; ?>
</body>
</html>
Try,
var newList =
(
from x in empCollection
select new {Loc = x.empLoc, PL = x.empPL, Shift = x.empShift}
).Distinct();
A command like this runs the m-file successfully:
"C:\<a long path here>\matlab.exe" -nodisplay -nosplash -nodesktop -r "run('C:\<a long path here>\mfile.m'); exit;"
Like this:
import operator
l = [...]
sorted_list = sorted(l, key=operator.itemgetter(desired_item_index))
If you are in a submodule, don't forget to declare the module in main app. ie :
<scrip>
angular.module('mainApp', ['subModule1', 'subModule2']);
angular.module('subModule1')
.controller('MyController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
$scope.moduleName = 'subModule1';
}]);
</script>
...
<div ng-app="mainApp">
<div ng-controller="MyController">
<span ng-bind="moduleName"></span>
</div>
If you don't declare subModule1 in mainApp, you will got a "[ng:areq] Argument "MyController" is not a function, got undefined.
I finally settled on typeof(MyClass).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.GetName().Version
for a netstandard1.6 app. All of the other proposed answers presented a partial solution. This is the only thing that got me exactly what I needed.
Sourced from a combination of places:
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/x4cw969y(v=vs.110).aspx
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2exyydhb(v=vs.110).aspx
It's better not to use refs in such cases. Use:
<input
type="checkbox"
checked={this.state.active}
onClick={this.handleClick}
/>
There are some options:
checked
vs defaultChecked
The former would respond to both state changes and clicks. The latter would ignore state changes.
onClick
vs onChange
The former would always trigger on clicks.
The latter would not trigger on clicks if checked
attribute is present on input
element.
Example-
For cells containing the values between 21-31, the formula is:
=COUNTIF(M$7:M$83,">21")-COUNTIF(M$7:M$83,">31")
This worked perfectly for me:
$ git reset -- foo/bar.txt
$ git checkout foo/bar.txt
private String convertFrom(String lines, String from, String to) {
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(lines.getBytes());
CharBuffer cb = Charset.forName(to).decode(bb);
return new String(Charset.forName(from).encode(cb).array());
};
public Doit(){
String concatenatedLines = convertFrom(concatenatedLines, "CP1252", "UTF-8");
};
Not valid HTML, anyway pretty much every browser seems to consider just the second instance.
Tested under the last versions of FF and Google Chrome under Fedora, and FF, Opera, IE, and Chrome under XP.
It may not be an easy problem. Determining how to map classes defined in Python into types in Java will be a big challange because of differences in each of type binding time. (duck typing vs. compile time binding).
I just put --password
flag into my command and after hitting Enter it asked me for password, which I supplied.
The easiest thing is if you can make the WPF bitmap from a file directly.
Otherwise you will have to use System.Windows.Interop.Imaging.CreateBitmapSourceFromHBitmap.
Only set the IsEditable attribute to true
<ComboBox Name="comboBox1"
Text="--Select Team--"
IsEditable="true" <---- that's all!
IsReadOnly="true"/>
Nothing is perfect in this world. They may have been expecting more of a practical approach.
But after your explanation you could add these lines with a slightly different approach.
Interfaces are rules (rules because you must give an implementation to them that you can't ignore or avoid, so that they are imposed like rules) which works as a common understanding document among various teams in software development.
Interfaces give the idea what is to be done but not how it will be done. So implementation completely depends on developer by following the given rules (means given signature of methods).
Abstract classes may contain abstract declarations, concrete implementations, or both.
Abstract declarations are like rules to be followed and concrete implementations are like guidelines (you can use it as it is or you can ignore it by overriding and giving your own implementation to it).
Moreover which methods with same signature may change the behaviour in different context are provided as interface declarations as rules to implement accordingly in different contexts.
Edit: Java 8 facilitates to define default and static methods in interface.
public interface SomeInterfaceOne {
void usualAbstractMethod(String inputString);
default void defaultMethod(String inputString){
System.out.println("Inside SomeInterfaceOne defaultMethod::"+inputString);
}
}
Now when a class will implement SomeInterface, it is not mandatory to provide implementation for default methods of interface.
If we have another interface with following methods:
public interface SomeInterfaceTwo {
void usualAbstractMethod(String inputString);
default void defaultMethod(String inputString){
System.out.println("Inside SomeInterfaceTwo defaultMethod::"+inputString);
}
}
Java doesn’t allow extending multiple classes because it results in the “Diamond Problem” where compiler is not able to decide which superclass method to use. With the default methods, the diamond problem will arise for interfaces too. Because if a class is implementing both
SomeInterfaceOne and SomeInterfaceTwo
and doesn’t implement the common default method, compiler can’t decide which one to chose. To avoid this problem, in java 8 it is mandatory to implement common default methods of different interfaces. If any class is implementing both the above interfaces, it has to provide implementation for defaultMethod() method otherwise compiler will throw compile time error.
I just found this excellent little tutorial. broken link (Cached version)
I also followed Microsoft's tutorial which is nice, but I only needed pipes as well.
As you can see, you don't need configuration files and all that messy stuff.
By the way, he uses both HTTP and pipes. Just remove all code lines related to HTTP, and you'll get a pure pipe example.
If you are testing for file existence you want -e not -L. -L tests for a symlink.
var isValid = true;
$("#tabledata").find("#tablebody").find("input").each(function() {
var element = $(this);
if (element.val() == "") {
isValid = false;
}
else{
isValid = true;
}
});
console.log(isValid);
There are many ways. You use RelativeLayout or AbsoluteLayout.
With relative, you can have the image align with parent on the left side for example and also have the text align to the parent left too... then you can use margins and padding and gravity on the text view to get it lined where you want over the image.
If you use Guava (former Google Collections) library there is a solution:
SetView<Number> difference = com.google.common.collect.Sets.difference(test2, test1);
The returned SetView
is a Set
, it is a live representation you can either make immutable or copy to another set. test1
and test2
are left intact.
<ion-col size="12">
<ion-card class="box-shadow ion-text-center background-size"
*ngIf="data != null"
[ngStyle]="{'background-image': 'url(' + data.headerImage + ')'}">
</ion-card>
There's an important thing that people always seem to overlook:
You can pass a plain array to something which accepts an IList<T>
parameter, and then you can call IList.Add()
and will receive a runtime exception:
Unhandled Exception: System.NotSupportedException: Collection was of a fixed size.
For example, consider the following code:
private void test(IList<int> list)
{
list.Add(1);
}
If you call that as follows, you will get a runtime exception:
int[] array = new int[0];
test(array);
This happens because using plain arrays with IList<T>
violates the Liskov substitution principle.
For this reason, if you are calling IList<T>.Add()
you may want to consider requiring a List<T>
instead of an IList<T>
.
A quick workaround for this is to use numpy.core.defchararray
. I also faced the same warning message and was able to resolve it using above module.
import numpy.core.defchararray as npd
resultdataset = npd.equal(dataset1, dataset2)
I had the following problem:
I had a Android phone without drivers, and it could not be recognized by the Windows 8.1. Neither as phone, neither as USB storage device.
I searched Device manager.
I opened Device manager, I right click on Android Phone->Android Composite Interface.
I selected "Update Driver Software"
I choose "Browse My Computer for Driver Software"
Then I choose "Let me pick from a list of devices"
I selected "USB Composite Device"
A new USB device is added to the list, and I can connect to my phone using adb and Android SDK.
Also I can use the phone as storage device.
Good luck
You can nest table-cell directly within table. You muslt have a table. Starting eith table-row does not work. Try it with this HTML:
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
.table {
display: table;
width: 100%;
}
.tr {
display: table-row;
width: 100%;
}
.td {
display: table-cell;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="table">
<div class="tr">
<div class="td">
X
</div>
<div class="td">
X
</div>
<div class="td">
X
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tr">
<div class="td">
X
</div>
<div class="td">
X
</div>
<div class="td">
X
</div>
</div>
<div class="table">
<div class="td">
X
</div>
<div class="td">
X
</div>
<div class="td">
X
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Type this .... SET foreign_key_checks = 0;
delete your table then type SET foreign_key_checks = 1;
MySQL – Temporarily disable Foreign Key Checks or Constraints
Take a look at the help page for merge. The all
parameter lets you specify different types of merges. Here we want to set all = TRUE
. This will make merge return NA
for the values that don't match, which we can update to 0 with is.na()
:
zz <- merge(df1, df2, all = TRUE)
zz[is.na(zz)] <- 0
> zz
x y
1 a 0
2 b 1
3 c 0
4 d 0
5 e 0
Updated many years later to address follow up question
You need to identify the variable names in the second data table that you aren't merging on - I use setdiff()
for this. Check out the following:
df1 = data.frame(x=c('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', NA))
df2 = data.frame(x=c('a', 'b', 'c'),y1 = c(0,1,0), y2 = c(0,1,0))
#merge as before
df3 <- merge(df1, df2, all = TRUE)
#columns in df2 not in df1
unique_df2_names <- setdiff(names(df2), names(df1))
df3[unique_df2_names][is.na(df3[, unique_df2_names])] <- 0
Created on 2019-01-03 by the reprex package (v0.2.1)
The easiest way would be to use use ProcessExplorer but it would still require some searching.
Make sure your exe is running and open ProcessExplorer. In ProcessExplorer find the name of your binary file and double click it to show properties. Click the Strings tab. Search down the list of string found in the binary file. Most strings will be garbage so they can be ignored. Search for anything that might possibly resemble a command line switch. Test this switch from the command line and see if it does anything.
Note that it might be your binary simply has no command line switches.
For reference here is the above steps applied to the Chrome executable. The command line switches accepted by Chrome can be seen in the list:
You can use
ObjectMapper objectMapper = getObjectMapper();
objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
It will ignore all the properties that are not declared.
Ten non-deleted answers; most do not do what the user asked for. Most Answers mis-read the question as thinking that there are 58 users in each town instead of 58 in total. Even the few that are correct are not optimal.
mysql> flush status;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
SELECT province, total_cities
FROM ( SELECT DISTINCT province FROM canada ) AS provinces
CROSS JOIN ( SELECT COUNT(*) total_cities FROM canada ) AS tot;
+---------------------------+--------------+
| province | total_cities |
+---------------------------+--------------+
| Alberta | 5484 |
| British Columbia | 5484 |
| Manitoba | 5484 |
| New Brunswick | 5484 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 5484 |
| Northwest Territories | 5484 |
| Nova Scotia | 5484 |
| Nunavut | 5484 |
| Ontario | 5484 |
| Prince Edward Island | 5484 |
| Quebec | 5484 |
| Saskatchewan | 5484 |
| Yukon | 5484 |
+---------------------------+--------------+
13 rows in set (0.01 sec)
SHOW session status LIKE 'Handler%';
+----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+-------+
| Handler_commit | 1 |
| Handler_delete | 0 |
| Handler_discover | 0 |
| Handler_external_lock | 4 |
| Handler_mrr_init | 0 |
| Handler_prepare | 0 |
| Handler_read_first | 3 |
| Handler_read_key | 16 |
| Handler_read_last | 1 |
| Handler_read_next | 5484 | -- One table scan to get COUNT(*)
| Handler_read_prev | 0 |
| Handler_read_rnd | 0 |
| Handler_read_rnd_next | 15 |
| Handler_rollback | 0 |
| Handler_savepoint | 0 |
| Handler_savepoint_rollback | 0 |
| Handler_update | 0 |
| Handler_write | 14 | -- leapfrog through index to find provinces
+----------------------------+-------+
In the OP's context:
SELECT town, total_users
FROM ( SELECT DISTINCT town FROM canada ) AS towns
CROSS JOIN ( SELECT COUNT(*) total_users FROM canada ) AS tot;
Since there is only one row from tot
, the CROSS JOIN
is not as voluminous as it might otherwise be.
The usual pattern is COUNT(*)
instead of COUNT(town)
. The latter implies checking town
for being not null, which is unnecessary in this context.
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/vue/1.0.18/vue.min.js"></script>
and then:
<script>
var demo = new Vue({
el: '#demo',
data: {
message: 'Hello Vue.js!'
}
});
</script>
type="JavaScript"
should be type="text/javascript"
(or rather nothing at all)If you are catching a browser back/forward button and don't want to navigate away, you can use:
window.addEventListener('popstate', function() {
if (window.location.origin !== 'http://example.com') {
// Do something if not your domain
} else if (window.location.href === 'http://example.com/sign-in/step-1') {
window.history.go(2); // Skip the already-signed-in pages if the forward button was clicked
} else if (window.location.href === 'http://example.com/sign-in/step-2') {
window.history.go(-2); // Skip the already-signed-in pages if the back button was clicked
} else {
// Let it do its thing
}
});
Otherwise, you can use the beforeunload event, but the message may or may not work cross-browser, and requires returning something that forces a built-in prompt.
This is an acknowledged bug in the Chrome Dev Tools:
This question really shows the history of JavaScript! Now we can avoid block scoping with arrow functions and handle loops directly from DOM nodes using Object methods.
const funcs = [1, 2, 3].map(i => () => console.log(i));_x000D_
funcs.map(fn => fn())
_x000D_
const buttons = document.getElementsByTagName("button");_x000D_
Object_x000D_
.keys(buttons)_x000D_
.map(i => buttons[i].addEventListener('click', () => console.log(i)));
_x000D_
<button>0</button><br>_x000D_
<button>1</button><br>_x000D_
<button>2</button>
_x000D_
<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script
src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js">
<title>JSP Page</title>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
<% String name = "phuongmychi.github.io" ;%> // jsp vari
var name = "<%=name %>" // call var to js
$("#id").html(name); //output to html
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id='id'>!</h1>
</body>
var x = condition || null;
To make the client code (from tolomea) work on Solaris you need to pass the ttl value for the IP_MULTICAST_TTL
socket option as an unsigned char. Otherwise you will get an error.
This worked for me on Solaris 10 and 11:
import socket
import struct
MCAST_GRP = '224.1.1.1'
MCAST_PORT = 5007
ttl = struct.pack('B', 2)
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_TTL, ttl)
sock.sendto("robot", (MCAST_GRP, MCAST_PORT))
You can use $this
constructor variable to achieve "Last Inserted Id Using Laravel Eloquent" (without adding any extra column) in current function or controller.
public function store(Request $request){
$request->validate([
'title' => 'required|max:255',
'desc' => 'required|max:5000'
]);
$this->project = Project::create([
'name' => $request->title,
'description' => $request->desc,
]);
dd($this->project->id); //This is your current/latest project id
$request->session()->flash('project_added','Project added successfully.');
return redirect()->back();
}
This question, although rather old, needs some benchmarks, as it asks for not the most idiomatic way, or the way that can be written in the fewest number of lines, but the fastest way. And it is silly to answer that question without some actual testing. So I compared four solutions, memset vs. std::fill vs. ZERO of AnT's answer vs a solution I made using AVX intrinsics.
Note that this solution is not generic, it only works on data of 32 or 64 bits. Please comment if this code is doing something incorrect.
#include<immintrin.h>
#define intrin_ZERO(a,n){\
size_t x = 0;\
const size_t inc = 32 / sizeof(*(a));/*size of 256 bit register over size of variable*/\
for (;x < n-inc;x+=inc)\
_mm256_storeu_ps((float *)((a)+x),_mm256_setzero_ps());\
if(4 == sizeof(*(a))){\
switch(n-x){\
case 3:\
(a)[x] = 0;x++;\
case 2:\
_mm_storeu_ps((float *)((a)+x),_mm_setzero_ps());break;\
case 1:\
(a)[x] = 0;\
break;\
case 0:\
break;\
};\
}\
else if(8 == sizeof(*(a))){\
switch(n-x){\
case 7:\
(a)[x] = 0;x++;\
case 6:\
(a)[x] = 0;x++;\
case 5:\
(a)[x] = 0;x++;\
case 4:\
_mm_storeu_ps((float *)((a)+x),_mm_setzero_ps());break;\
case 3:\
(a)[x] = 0;x++;\
case 2:\
((long long *)(a))[x] = 0;break;\
case 1:\
(a)[x] = 0;\
break;\
case 0:\
break;\
};\
}\
}
I will not claim that this is the fastest method, since I am not a low level optimization expert. Rather it is an example of a correct architecture dependent implementation that is faster than memset.
Now, onto the results. I calculated performance for size 100 int and long long arrays, both statically and dynamically allocated, but with the exception of msvc, which did a dead code elimination on static arrays, the results were extremely comparable, so I will show only dynamic array performance. Time markings are ms for 1 million iterations, using time.h's low precision clock function.
clang 3.8 (Using the clang-cl frontend, optimization flags= /OX /arch:AVX /Oi /Ot)
int:
memset: 99
fill: 97
ZERO: 98
intrin_ZERO: 90
long long:
memset: 285
fill: 286
ZERO: 285
intrin_ZERO: 188
gcc 5.1.0 (optimization flags: -O3 -march=native -mtune=native -mavx):
int:
memset: 268
fill: 268
ZERO: 268
intrin_ZERO: 91
long long:
memset: 402
fill: 399
ZERO: 400
intrin_ZERO: 185
msvc 2015 (optimization flags: /OX /arch:AVX /Oi /Ot):
int
memset: 196
fill: 613
ZERO: 221
intrin_ZERO: 95
long long:
memset: 273
fill: 559
ZERO: 376
intrin_ZERO: 188
There is a lot interesting going on here: llvm killing gcc, MSVC's typical spotty optimizations (it does an impressive dead code elimination on static arrays and then has awful performance for fill). Although my implementation is significantly faster, this may only be because it recognizes that bit clearing has much less overhead than any other setting operation.
Clang's implementation merits more looking at, as it is significantly faster. Some additional testing shows that its memset is in fact specialized for zero--non zero memsets for 400 byte array are much slower (~220ms) and are comparable to gcc's. However, the nonzero memsetting with an 800 byte array makes no speed difference, which is probably why in that case, their memset has worse performance than my implementation--the specialization is only for small arrays, and the cuttoff is right around 800 bytes. Also note that gcc 'fill' and 'ZERO' are not optimizing to memset (looking at generated code), gcc is simply generating code with identical performance characteristics.
Conclusion: memset is not really optimized for this task as well as people would pretend it is (otherwise gcc and msvc and llvm's memset would have the same performance). If performance matters then memset should not be a final solution, especially for these awkward medium sized arrays, because it is not specialized for bit clearing, and it is not hand optimized any better than the compiler can do on its own.
We've solved this by replacing some nasty code in our base html file.
Before:
meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge;chrome=1"
After:
And the solution came by replacing it with this magical line:
meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EmulateIE7"
If you want to test the exception message as well you can use JUnit's ExpectedException with Mockito:
@Rule
public ExpectedException expectedException = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void testExceptionMessage() throws Exception {
expectedException.expect(AnyException.class);
expectedException.expectMessage("The expected message");
given(foo.bar()).willThrow(new AnyException("The expected message"));
}
One of the way is Using below sql queries
--Size of All Table Space
--1. Used Space
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,TO_CHAR(SUM(NVL(BYTES,0))/1024/1024/1024, '99,999,990.99') AS "USED SPACE(IN GB)" FROM USER_SEGMENTS GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
--2. Free Space
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,TO_CHAR(SUM(NVL(BYTES,0))/1024/1024/1024, '99,999,990.99') AS "FREE SPACE(IN GB)" FROM USER_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
--3. Both Free & Used
SELECT USED.TABLESPACE_NAME, USED.USED_BYTES AS "USED SPACE(IN GB)", FREE.FREE_BYTES AS "FREE SPACE(IN GB)"
FROM
(SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,TO_CHAR(SUM(NVL(BYTES,0))/1024/1024/1024, '99,999,990.99') AS USED_BYTES FROM USER_SEGMENTS GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) USED
INNER JOIN
(SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,TO_CHAR(SUM(NVL(BYTES,0))/1024/1024/1024, '99,999,990.99') AS FREE_BYTES FROM USER_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) FREE
ON (USED.TABLESPACE_NAME = FREE.TABLESPACE_NAME);
With jQuery
you can use
$('#main-div .specific-class').length
otherwise in VanillaJS (from IE8
included) you may use
document.querySelectorAll('#main-div .specific-class').length;
You can import react-native-elements and use the font-awesome icons to your react native app
Install
npm install --save react-native-elements
then import that where you want to use icons
import { Icon } from 'react-native-elements'
Use it like
render() {
return(
<Icon
reverse
name='ios-american-football'
type='ionicon'
color='#517fa4'
/>
);
}
For iPhone 5,
@media screen and (device-aspect-ratio: 40/71)
for iPhone 6,7,8
@media only screen and (min-device-width: 375px) and (max-device-width: 667px) and (orientation : portrait)
for iPhone 6+,7+,8+
@media screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (min-device-width: 414px)
Working fine for me as of now.
Change it to this:
var email = /^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4}$/i;
This is a regular expression literal that is passed the i
flag which means to be case insensitive.
Keep in mind that email address validation is hard (there is a 4 or 5 page regular expression at the end of Mastering Regular Expressions demonstrating this) and your expression certainly will not capture all valid e-mail addresses.
You could create a little class that returns the boolean result of calling match, and retains the matched groups for subsequent retrieval:
import re
class REMatcher(object):
def __init__(self, matchstring):
self.matchstring = matchstring
def match(self,regexp):
self.rematch = re.match(regexp, self.matchstring)
return bool(self.rematch)
def group(self,i):
return self.rematch.group(i)
for statement in ("I love Mary",
"Ich liebe Margot",
"Je t'aime Marie",
"Te amo Maria"):
m = REMatcher(statement)
if m.match(r"I love (\w+)"):
print "He loves",m.group(1)
elif m.match(r"Ich liebe (\w+)"):
print "Er liebt",m.group(1)
elif m.match(r"Je t'aime (\w+)"):
print "Il aime",m.group(1)
else:
print "???"
Update for Python 3 print as a function, and Python 3.8 assignment expressions - no need for a REMatcher class now:
import re
for statement in ("I love Mary",
"Ich liebe Margot",
"Je t'aime Marie",
"Te amo Maria"):
if m := re.match(r"I love (\w+)", statement):
print("He loves", m.group(1))
elif m := re.match(r"Ich liebe (\w+)", statement):
print("Er liebt", m.group(1))
elif m := re.match(r"Je t'aime (\w+)", statement):
print("Il aime", m.group(1))
else:
print()
You have two choices, either correct your markup so that it uses correct elements and utilizes the Bootstrap grid system:
@import url('http://getbootstrap.com/dist/css/bootstrap.css');
_x000D_
<div class="container">_x000D_
<h1>About Me</h1>_x000D_
<div class="row">_x000D_
<div class="col-md-4">_x000D_
<div class="imgAbt">_x000D_
<img width="220" height="220" src="img/me.jpg" />_x000D_
</div>_x000D_
</div>_x000D_
<div class="col-md-8">_x000D_
<p>Lots of text here...With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a .clearfix and o</p>_x000D_
</div>_x000D_
</div>_x000D_
</div>
_x000D_
Or, if you wish the text to closely wrap the image, change your markup to:
@import url('http://getbootstrap.com/dist/css/bootstrap.css');
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<div class="container">_x000D_
<h1>About Me</h1>_x000D_
<div class="row">_x000D_
<div class="col-md-12">_x000D_
<img style='float:left;width:200px;height:200px; margin-right:10px;' src="img/me.jpg" />_x000D_
<p>Lots of text here...With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a .clearfix and o</p>_x000D_
</div>_x000D_
</div>
_x000D_
I have spent more time researching this topic that I'd like to admit. Luckily there are great open source solutions in the wild.
These are two great approaches, even if not well known enough (yet),
Not to insult the OP, but for those who come to this question and are still new to Linux—you might have to install Valgrind on your system.
sudo apt install valgrind # Ubuntu, Debian, etc.
sudo yum install valgrind # RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, etc.
Valgrind is readily usable for C/C++ code, but can even be used for other languages when configured properly (see this for Python).
To run Valgrind, pass the executable as an argument (along with any parameters to the program).
valgrind --leak-check=full \
--show-leak-kinds=all \
--track-origins=yes \
--verbose \
--log-file=valgrind-out.txt \
./executable exampleParam1
The flags are, in short:
--leak-check=full
: "each individual leak will be shown in detail"--show-leak-kinds=all
: Show all of "definite, indirect, possible, reachable" leak kinds in the "full" report.--track-origins=yes
: Favor useful output over speed. This tracks the origins of uninitialized values, which could be very useful for memory errors. Consider turning off if Valgrind is unacceptably slow.--verbose
: Can tell you about unusual behavior of your program. Repeat for more verbosity.--log-file
: Write to a file. Useful when output exceeds terminal space.Finally, you would like to see a Valgrind report that looks like this:
HEAP SUMMARY:
in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
total heap usage: 636 allocs, 636 frees, 25,393 bytes allocated
All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
So, you have a memory leak, and Valgrind isn't saying anything meaningful. Perhaps, something like this:
5 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1
at 0x4C29BE3: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:299)
by 0x40053E: main (in /home/Peri461/Documents/executable)
Let's take a look at the C code I wrote too:
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
char* string = malloc(5 * sizeof(char)); //LEAK: not freed!
return 0;
}
Well, there were 5 bytes lost. How did it happen? The error report just says
main
and malloc
. In a larger program, that would be seriously troublesome to
hunt down. This is because of how the executable was compiled. We can
actually get line-by-line details on what went wrong. Recompile your program
with a debug flag (I'm using gcc
here):
gcc -o executable -std=c11 -Wall main.c # suppose it was this at first
gcc -o executable -std=c11 -Wall -ggdb3 main.c # add -ggdb3 to it
Now with this debug build, Valgrind points to the exact line of code allocating the memory that got leaked! (The wording is important: it might not be exactly where your leak is, but what got leaked. The trace helps you find where.)
5 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1
at 0x4C29BE3: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:299)
by 0x40053E: main (main.c:4)
IndexOutOfBoundsException
type problems.Sometimes your leaks/errors can be linked to one another, much like an IDE discovering that you haven't typed a closing bracket yet. Resolving one issue can resolve others, so look for one that looks a good culprit and apply some of these ideas:
gdb
perhaps), and look for precondition/postcondition errors. The idea is to trace your program's execution while focusing on the lifetime of allocated memory.60 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1
at 0x4C2BB78: realloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:785)
by 0x4005E4: resizeArray (main.c:12)
by 0x40062E: main (main.c:19)
And the code:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
struct _List {
int32_t* data;
int32_t length;
};
typedef struct _List List;
List* resizeArray(List* array) {
int32_t* dPtr = array->data;
dPtr = realloc(dPtr, 15 * sizeof(int32_t)); //doesn't update array->data
return array;
}
int main() {
List* array = calloc(1, sizeof(List));
array->data = calloc(10, sizeof(int32_t));
array = resizeArray(array);
free(array->data);
free(array);
return 0;
}
As a teaching assistant, I've seen this mistake often. The student makes use of
a local variable and forgets to update the original pointer. The error here is
noticing that realloc
can actually move the allocated memory somewhere else
and change the pointer's location. We then leave resizeArray
without telling
array->data
where the array was moved to.
1 errors in context 1 of 1:
Invalid write of size 1
at 0x4005CA: main (main.c:10)
Address 0x51f905a is 0 bytes after a block of size 26 alloc'd
at 0x4C2B975: calloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:711)
by 0x400593: main (main.c:5)
And the code:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
int main() {
char* alphabet = calloc(26, sizeof(char));
for(uint8_t i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
*(alphabet + i) = 'A' + i;
}
*(alphabet + 26) = '\0'; //null-terminate the string?
free(alphabet);
return 0;
}
Notice that Valgrind points us to the commented line of code above. The array
of size 26 is indexed [0,25] which is why *(alphabet + 26)
is an invalid
write—it's out of bounds. An invalid write is a common result of
off-by-one errors. Look at the left side of your assignment operation.
1 errors in context 1 of 1:
Invalid read of size 1
at 0x400602: main (main.c:9)
Address 0x51f90ba is 0 bytes after a block of size 26 alloc'd
at 0x4C29BE3: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:299)
by 0x4005E1: main (main.c:6)
And the code:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
int main() {
char* destination = calloc(27, sizeof(char));
char* source = malloc(26 * sizeof(char));
for(uint8_t i = 0; i < 27; i++) {
*(destination + i) = *(source + i); //Look at the last iteration.
}
free(destination);
free(source);
return 0;
}
Valgrind points us to the commented line above. Look at the last iteration here,
which is
*(destination + 26) = *(source + 26);
. However, *(source + 26)
is
out of bounds again, similarly to the invalid write. Invalid reads are also a
common result of off-by-one errors. Look at the right side of your assignment
operation.
How do I know when the leak is mine? How do I find my leak when I'm using someone else's code? I found a leak that isn't mine; should I do something? All are legitimate questions. First, 2 real-world examples that show 2 classes of common encounters.
#include <jansson.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char* string = "{ \"key\": \"value\" }";
json_error_t error;
json_t* root = json_loads(string, 0, &error); //obtaining a pointer
json_t* value = json_object_get(root, "key"); //obtaining a pointer
printf("\"%s\" is the value field.\n", json_string_value(value)); //use value
json_decref(value); //Do I free this pointer?
json_decref(root); //What about this one? Does the order matter?
return 0;
}
This is a simple program: it reads a JSON string and parses it. In the making,
we use library calls to do the parsing for us. Jansson makes the necessary
allocations dynamically since JSON can contain nested structures of itself.
However, this doesn't mean we decref
or "free" the memory given to us from
every function. In fact, this code I wrote above throws both an "Invalid read"
and an "Invalid write". Those errors go away when you take out the decref
line
for value
.
Why? The variable value
is considered a "borrowed reference" in the Jansson
API. Jansson keeps track of its memory for you, and you simply have to decref
JSON structures independent of each other. The lesson here:
read the documentation. Really. It's sometimes hard to understand, but
they're telling you why these things happen. Instead, we have
existing questions about this memory error.
#include "SDL2/SDL.h"
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO|SDL_INIT_AUDIO) != 0) {
SDL_Log("Unable to initialize SDL: %s", SDL_GetError());
return 1;
}
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
What's wrong with this code? It consistently leaks ~212 KiB of memory for me. Take a moment to think about it. We turn SDL on and then off. Answer? There is nothing wrong.
That might sound bizarre at first. Truth be told, graphics are messy and sometimes you have to accept some leaks as being part of the standard library. The lesson here: you need not quell every memory leak. Sometimes you just need to suppress the leaks because they're known issues you can't do anything about. (This is not my permission to ignore your own leaks!)
How do I know when the leak is mine?
It is. (99% sure, anyway)
How do I find my leak when I'm using someone else's code?
Chances are someone else already found it. Try Google! If that fails, use the skills I gave you above. If that fails and you mostly see API calls and little of your own stack trace, see the next question.
I found a leak that isn't mine; should I do something?
Yes! Most APIs have ways to report bugs and issues. Use them! Help give back to the tools you're using in your project!
Thanks for staying with me this long. I hope you've learned something, as I tried to tend to the broad spectrum of people arriving at this answer. Some things I hope you've asked along the way: How does C's memory allocator work? What actually is a memory leak and a memory error? How are they different from segfaults? How does Valgrind work? If you had any of these, please do feed your curiousity:
If you need a convenient command line interface or python API, look at repositorytools
Using it, you can upload artifact to nexus with command
artifact upload foo-1.2.3.ext releases com.fooware
To make it work, you will also need to set some environment variables
export REPOSITORY_URL=https://repo.example.com
export REPOSITORY_USER=admin
export REPOSITORY_PASSWORD=mysecretpassword
Probably because the original version of Python (CPython) was written in C, not C++.
The idea that a list is formed by pushing things onto the back of something is probably not as well-known as the thought of appending them.
from PIL import Image
import os, os.path
imgs = []
path = "/home/tony/pictures"
valid_images = [".jpg",".gif",".png",".tga"]
for f in os.listdir(path):
ext = os.path.splitext(f)[1]
if ext.lower() not in valid_images:
continue
imgs.append(Image.open(os.path.join(path,f)))