[linux] Best practices when running Node.js with port 80 (Ubuntu / Linode)

I am setting up my first Node.js server on a cloud Linux node and I am fairly new to the details of Linux admin. (BTW I am not trying to use Apache at the same time.)

Everything is installed correctly, but I found that unless I use the root login, I am not able to listen on port 80 with node. However I would rather not run it as root for security reason.

What is the best practice to:

1. Set good permissions / user for node so that it is secure / sandboxed?
2. Allow port 80 to be used within these constraints.
3. Start up node and run it automatically.
4. Handle log information sent to console.
5. Any other general maintenance and security concerns.

Should I be forwarding port 80 traffic to a different listening port?

Thanks

Give Safe User Permission To Use Port 80

Remember, we do NOT want to run your applications as the root user, but there is a hitch: your safe user does not have permission to use the default HTTP port (80). You goal is to be able to publish a website that visitors can use by navigating to an easy to use URL like http://ip:port/

Unfortunately, unless you sign on as root, you’ll normally have to use a URL like http://ip:port - where port number > 1024.

A lot of people get stuck here, but the solution is easy. There a few options but this is the one I like. Type the following commands:

sudo apt-get install libcap2-bin
sudo setcap cap_net_bind_service=+ep `readlink -f \`which node\``

Now, when you tell a Node application that you want it to run on port 80, it will not complain.

Check this reference link

For port 80 (which was the original question), Daniel is exactly right. I recently moved to https and had to switch from iptables to a light nginx proxy managing the SSL certs. I found a useful answer along with a gist by gabrielhpugliese on how to handle that. Basically I

• Created an SSL Certificate Signing Request (CSR) via OpenSSL

  openssl genrsa 2048 > private-key.pem
  openssl req -new -key private-key.pem -out csr.pem
  

• Got the actual cert from one of these places (I happened to use Comodo)
• Installed nginx

• Changed the location in /etc/nginx/conf.d/example_ssl.conf to

  location / {
      proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  }
  

• Formatted the cert for nginx by cat-ing the individual certs together and linked to it in my nginx example_ssl.conf file (and uncommented stuff, got rid of 'example' in the name,...)

  ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/cert_bundle.cert;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/private-key.pem;
  

Hopefully that can save someone else some headaches. I'm sure there's a pure-node way of doing this, but nginx was quick and it worked.

Drop root privileges after you bind to port 80 (or 443).

This allows port 80/443 to remain protected, while still preventing you from serving requests as root:

function drop_root() {
    process.setgid('nobody');
    process.setuid('nobody');
}

A full working example using the above function:

var process = require('process');
var http = require('http');
var server = http.createServer(function(req, res) {
    res.write("Success!");
    res.end();
});

server.listen(80, null, null, function() {
    console.log('User ID:',process.getuid()+', Group ID:',process.getgid());
    drop_root();
    console.log('User ID:',process.getuid()+', Group ID:',process.getgid());
});

See more details at this full reference.