Relation between CommonJS AMD and RequireJS

Question

I m still very confused about CommonJS  AMD and RequireJS  even after reading a lot  I know that CommonJS  formerly ServerJS  is a group for defining some JavaScript specifications  i e  modules  when the language is used outside the browser  CommonJS modules specification has some implementation like Node js or RingoJS  right   What s the relation between CommonJS  Asynchronous Module Definition  AMD  and RequireJS  Is RequireJS an implementation of the CommonJS module definition  If yes  what s AMD then

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Quoting  AMD    One browser-first approach  Opting for asynchronous behavior and simplified backwards compatibility It doesn t have any concept of File I O   It supports objects  functions  constructors  strings  JSON and many other types of modules    CommonJS    One server-first approach Assuming synchronous behavior Cover a broader set of concerns such as I O  File system  Promises and more  Supports unwrapped modules  it can feel a little more close to the ES next Harmony specifications  freeing you of the define   wrapper that AMD enforces   Only support objects as modules

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It is quite normal to organize JavaScript program modular into several files and to call child-modules from the main js module    The thing is JavaScript doesn t provide this  Not even today in latest browser versions of Chrome and FF       But  is there any keyword in JavaScript to call another JavaScript module     This question may be a total collapse of the world for many because the answer is No     In ES5   released in 2009   JavaScript had no keywords like import  include  or require   ES6 saves the day   released in 2015   proposing the import keyword    https   developer mozilla org en docs Web JavaScript Reference Statements import    but no browser implements this   If you use Babel 6 18 0 and transpile with ES2015 option only   import myDefault from  my-module     you will get require again    use strict   var  myModule   require  my-module    var  myModule2    interopRequireDefault  myModule   function  interopRequireDefault obj    return obj  amp  amp  obj   esModule   obj     default  obj        This is because require means the module will be loaded from Node js  Node js will handle everything from system level file read to wrapping functions into the module   Because in JavaScript functions are the only wrappers to represent the modules      I m a lot confused about CommonJS and AMD    Both CommonJS and AMD are just two different techniques how to overcome the JavaScript  defect  to load modules smart

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RequireJS implements the AMD API  source    CommonJS is a way of defining modules with the help of an exports object  that defines the module contents  Simply put  a CommonJS implementation might work like this      someModule js exports doSomething   function     return  foo         otherModule js var someModule   require  someModule       in the vein of node     exports doSomethingElse   function     return someModule doSomething      bar        Basically  CommonJS specifies that you need to have a require   function to fetch dependencies  an exports variable to export module contents and a module identifier  which describes the location of the module in question in relation to this module  that is used to require the dependencies  source   CommonJS has various implementations  including Node js  which you mentioned   CommonJS was not particularly designed with browsers in mind  so it doesn t fit in the browser environment very well  I really have no source for this--it just says so everywhere  including the RequireJS site   Apparently  this has something to do with asynchronous loading  etc    On the other hand  RequireJS implements AMD  which is designed to suit the browser environment  source   Apparently  AMD started as a spinoff of the CommonJS Transport format and evolved into its own module definition API  Hence the similarities between the two  The new feature in AMD is the define   function that allows the module to declare its dependencies before being loaded  For example  the definition could be   define  module id string     module    dependency    array     function module  factory function      return ModuleContents          So  CommonJS and AMD are JavaScript module definition APIs that have different implementations  but both come from the same origins    AMD is more suited for the browser  because it supports asynchronous loading of module dependencies  RequireJS is an implementation of AMD  while at the same time trying to keep the spirit of CommonJS  mainly in the module identifiers     To confuse you even more  RequireJS  while being an AMD implementation  offers a CommonJS wrapper so CommonJS modules can almost directly be imported for use with RequireJS   define function require  exports  module      var someModule   require  someModule       in the vein of node       exports doSomethingElse   function     return someModule doSomething      bar            I hope this helps to clarify things

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AMD  introduced in JavaScript to scale JavaScript project into multiple files mostly used in browser based application and libraries popular implementation is RequireJS  Dojo Toolkit  CommonJS   it is specification to handle large number of functions  files and modules of big project initial name ServerJS introduced in January  2009 by Mozilla renamed in August  2009 to CommonJS to show the broader applicability of the APIs initially implementation were server  nodejs  desktop based libraries  Example upper js file exports uppercase   str   gt  str toUpperCase    main js file const uppercaseModule   require  uppercase js   uppercaseModule uppercase  test    Summary  AMD     one of the most ancient module systems  initially implemented by the library require js  CommonJS     the module system created for Node js server  UMD     one more module system  suggested as a universal one  compatible with AMD and CommonJS   Resources   https   exploringjs com es6 ch modules html sec modules-in-javascript Wikipedia

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The short answer would be   CommonJS and AMD are specifications  or formats  on how modules and their dependencies should be declared in javascript applications   RequireJS is a script loader library that is AMD compliant  curljs being another example   CommonJS compliant   Taken from Addy Osmani s book      package lib is a dependency we require var lib   require   package lib         behavior for our module function foo        lib log   hello world            export  expose  foo to other modules as foobar exports foobar   foo    AMD compliant      package lib is a dependency we require define   package lib    function  lib            behavior for our module     function foo             lib log   hello world                    export  expose  foo to other modules as foobar     return           foobar  foo             Somewhere else the module can be used with   require   package myModule    function myModule        myModule foobar          Some background   Actually  CommonJS is much more than an API declaration and only a part of it deals with that  AMD started as a draft specification for the module format on the CommonJS list  but full consensus wasn t reached and further development of the format moved to the amdjs group  Arguments around which format is better state that CommonJS attempts to cover a broader set of concerns and that it s better suited for server side development given its synchronous nature  and that AMD is better suited for client side  browser  development given its asynchronous nature and the fact that it has its roots in Dojo s module declaration implementation   Sources    RequireJS - Why AMD  Addy Osmani - Learning JavaScript Design Patterns - Modern Modular JavaScript Design Patterns

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CommonJS is more than that - it s a project to define a common API and ecosystem for JavaScript  One part of CommonJS is the Module specification  Node js and RingoJS are server-side JavaScript runtimes  and yes  both of them implement modules based on the CommonJS Module spec   AMD  Asynchronous Module Definition  is another specification for modules  RequireJS is probably the most popular implementation of AMD  One major difference from CommonJS is that AMD specifies that modules are loaded asynchronously - that means modules are loaded in parallel  as opposed to blocking the execution by waiting for a load to finish   AMD is generally more used in client-side  in-browser  JavaScript development due to this  and CommonJS Modules are generally used server-side  However  you can use either module spec in either environment - for example  RequireJS offers directions for running in Node js and browserify is a CommonJS Module implementation that can run in the browser

[javascript] Relation between CommonJS, AMD and RequireJS?

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