CUDA incompatible with my gcc version
For CUDA 6.5 (and apparently 7.0 and 7.5), I've created a version of the gcc 4.8.5 RPM package (under Fedora Core 30) that allows that version of gcc to be install alongside your system's current GCC.
You can find all of that information here.
Explanation of BASE terminology
To add to the other answers, I think the acronyms were derived to show a scale between the two terms to distinguish how reliable transactions or requests where between RDMS versus Big Data.
From this article acid vs base
In Chemistry, pH measures the relative basicity and acidity of an
aqueous (solvent in water) solution. The pH scale extends from 0
(highly acidic substances such as battery acid) to 14 (highly alkaline
substances like lie); pure water at 77° F (25° C) has a pH of 7 and is
neutral.
Data engineers have cleverly borrowed acid vs base from chemists and
created acronyms that while not exact in their meanings, are still apt
representations of what is happening within a given database system
when discussing the reliability of transaction processing.
One other point, since I work with Big Data using Elasticsearch. To clarify, an instance of Elasticsearch is a node and a group of nodes form a cluster.
To me from a practical standpoint, BA (Basically Available), in this context, has the idea of multiple master nodes to handle the Elasticsearch cluster and it's operations.
If you have 3 master nodes and the currently directing master node goes down, the system stays up, albeit in a less efficient state, and another master node takes its place as the main directing master node. If two master nodes go down, the system still stays up and the last master node takes over.
Type definition in object literal in TypeScript
You could use predefined utility type Record<Keys, Type>
:
const obj: Record<string, string> = {
property: "value",
};
It allows to specify keys for your object literal:
type Keys = "prop1" | "prop2"
const obj: Record<Keys, string> = {
prop1: "Hello",
prop2: "Aloha",
something: "anything" // TS Error: Type '{ prop1: string; prop2: string; something: string; }' is not assignable to type 'Record<Keys, string>'.
// Object literal may only specify known properties, and 'something' does not exist in type 'Record<Keys, string>'.
};
And a type for the property value:
type Keys = "prop1" | "prop2"
type Value = "Hello" | "Aloha"
const obj1: Record<Keys, Value> = {
prop1: "Hello",
prop2: "Hey", // TS Error: Type '"Hey"' is not assignable to type 'Value'.
};
What does "#include <iostream>" do?
#
indicates that the following line is a preprocessor directive and should be processed by the preprocessor before compilation by the compiler.
So, #include
is a preprocessor directive that tells the preprocessor to include header files in the program.
< >
indicate the start and end of the file name to be included.
iostream
is a header file that contains functions for input/output operations (cin
and cout
).
Now to sum it up C++ to English translation of the command, #include <iostream>
is:
Dear preprocessor, please include all the contents of the header file iostream
at the very beginning of this program before compiler starts the actual compilation of the code.
"SSL certificate verify failed" using pip to install packages
One note on the above answers: it is no longer sufficient to add just pypi.python.org to the trusted-hosts in the case where you are behind an HTTPS-intercepting proxy (we have zScaler).
I currently have the following in my pip.ini:
trusted-host = pypi.python.org pypi.org files.pythonhosted.org
Running pip -v install pkg
will give you some hints as to which hosts might need to be added.
Makefile, header dependencies
Most answers are surprisingly complicated or erroneous. However simple and robust examples have been posted elsewhere [codereview]. Admittedly the options provided by the gnu preprocessor are a bit confusing. However, the removal of all directories from the build target with -MM
is documented and not a bug [gpp]:
By default CPP takes the name of the main input file, deletes any
directory components and any file suffix such as ‘.c’, and appends the
platform's usual object suffix.
The (somewhat newer) -MMD
option is probably what you want. For completeness an example of a makefile that supports multiple src dirs and build dirs with some comments. For a simple version without build dirs see [codereview].
CXX = clang++
CXX_FLAGS = -Wfatal-errors -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wconversion -Wshadow
# Final binary
BIN = mybin
# Put all auto generated stuff to this build dir.
BUILD_DIR = ./build
# List of all .cpp source files.
CPP = main.cpp $(wildcard dir1/*.cpp) $(wildcard dir2/*.cpp)
# All .o files go to build dir.
OBJ = $(CPP:%.cpp=$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o)
# Gcc/Clang will create these .d files containing dependencies.
DEP = $(OBJ:%.o=%.d)
# Default target named after the binary.
$(BIN) : $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BIN)
# Actual target of the binary - depends on all .o files.
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(BIN) : $(OBJ)
# Create build directories - same structure as sources.
mkdir -p $(@D)
# Just link all the object files.
$(CXX) $(CXX_FLAGS) $^ -o $@
# Include all .d files
-include $(DEP)
# Build target for every single object file.
# The potential dependency on header files is covered
# by calling `-include $(DEP)`.
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o : %.cpp
mkdir -p $(@D)
# The -MMD flags additionaly creates a .d file with
# the same name as the .o file.
$(CXX) $(CXX_FLAGS) -MMD -c $< -o $@
.PHONY : clean
clean :
# This should remove all generated files.
-rm $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BIN) $(OBJ) $(DEP)
This method works because if there are multiple dependency lines for a single target, the dependencies are simply joined, e.g.:
a.o: a.h
a.o: a.c
./cmd
is equivalent to:
a.o: a.c a.h
./cmd
as mentioned at: Makefile multiple dependency lines for a single target?
Html.Raw() in ASP.NET MVC Razor view
You shouldn't be calling .ToString()
.
As the error message clearly states, you're writing a conditional in which one half is an IHtmlString
and the other half is a string.
That doesn't make sense, since the compiler doesn't know what type the entire expression should be.
There is never a reason to call Html.Raw(...).ToString()
.
Html.Raw
returns an HtmlString
instance that wraps the original string.
The Razor page output knows not to escape HtmlString
instances.
However, calling HtmlString.ToString()
just returns the original string
value again; it doesn't accomplish anything.
How can I use inverse or negative wildcards when pattern matching in a unix/linux shell?
A trick I haven't seen on here yet that doesn't use extglob
, find
, or grep
is to treat two file lists as sets and "diff" them using comm
:
comm -23 <(ls) <(ls *Music*)
comm
is preferable over diff
because it doesn't have extra cruft.
This returns all elements of set 1, ls
, that are not also in set 2, ls *Music*
. This requires both sets to be in sorted order to work properly. No problem for ls
and glob expansion, but if you're using something like find
, be sure to invoke sort
.
comm -23 <(find . | sort) <(find . | grep -i '.jpg' | sort)
Potentially useful.
How to capitalize first letter of each word, like a 2-word city?
The JavaScript function:
String.prototype.capitalize = function(){
return this.replace( /(^|\s)([a-z])/g , function(m,p1,p2){ return p1+p2.toUpperCase(); } );
};
To use this function:
capitalizedString = someString.toLowerCase().capitalize();
Also, this would work on multiple words string.
To make sure the converted City name is injected into the database, lowercased and first letter capitalized, then you would need to use JavaScript before you send it over to server side. CSS simply styles, but the actual data would remain pre-styled. Take a look at this jsfiddle example and compare the alert message vs the styled output.
Git:nothing added to commit but untracked files present
Follow all the steps.
Step 1: initialize git
$ git init
Step 2:
Check files are exist or not.
$git ls
Step 3 :
Add the file
$git add filename
Step 4:
Add comment to show
$git commit -m "your comment"
Step 5:
Link to your repository
$git remote add origin "copy repository link and paste here"
Step 6:
Push on Git
$ git push -u origin master
How to drop a unique constraint from table column?
I had the same problem. I'm using DB2. What I have done is a bit not too professional solution, but it works in every DBMS:
- Add a column with the same definition without the unique contraint.
- Copy the values from the original column to the new
- Drop the original column (so DBMS will remove the constraint as well no matter what its name was)
- And finally rename the new one to the original
- And a reorg at the end (only in DB2)
ALTER TABLE USERS ADD COLUMN LOGIN_OLD VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '';
UPDATE USERS SET LOGIN_OLD=LOGIN;
ALTER TABLE USERS DROP COLUMN LOGIN;
ALTER TABLE USERS RENAME COLUMN LOGIN_OLD TO LOGIN;
CALL SYSPROC.ADMIN_CMD('REORG TABLE USERS');
The syntax of the ALTER commands may be different in other DBMS
How to sort two lists (which reference each other) in the exact same way
You can use the key argument in sorted() method unless you have two same values in list2.
The code is given below:
sorted(list2, key = lambda x: list1[list2.index(x)])
It sorts list2 according to corresponding values in list1, but make sure that while using this, no two values in list2 evaluate to be equal because list.index() function give the first value
Unit testing click event in Angular
My objective is to check if the 'onEditButtonClick' is getting invoked when the user clicks the edit button and not checking just the console.log being printed.
You will need to first set up the test using the Angular TestBed
. This way you can actually grab the button and click it. What you will do is configure a module, just like you would an @NgModule
, just for the testing environment
import { TestBed, async, ComponentFixture } from '@angular/core/testing';
describe('', () => {
let fixture: ComponentFixture<TestComponent>;
let component: TestComponent;
beforeEach(async(() => {
TestBed.configureTestingModule({
imports: [ ],
declarations: [ TestComponent ],
providers: [ ]
}).compileComponents().then(() => {
fixture = TestBed.createComponent(TestComponent);
component = fixture.componentInstance;
});
}));
});
Then you need to spy on the onEditButtonClick
method, click the button, and check that the method was called
it('should', async(() => {
spyOn(component, 'onEditButtonClick');
let button = fixture.debugElement.nativeElement.querySelector('button');
button.click();
fixture.whenStable().then(() => {
expect(component.onEditButtonClick).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
}));
Here we need to run an async
test as the button click contains asynchronous event handling, and need to wait for the event to process by calling fixture.whenStable()
Update
It is now preferred to use fakeAsync/tick
combo as opposed to the async/whenStable
combo. The latter should be used if there is an XHR call made, as fakeAsync
does not support it. So instead of the above code, refactored, it would look like
it('should', fakeAsync(() => {
spyOn(component, 'onEditButtonClick');
let button = fixture.debugElement.nativeElement.querySelector('button');
button.click();
tick();
expect(component.onEditButtonClick).toHaveBeenCalled();
}));
Don't forget to import fakeAsync
and tick
.
See also:
error: (-215) !empty() in function detectMultiScale
I had the same problem with opencv-python
and I used a virtual environment.
If it's your case, you should find the xml
files at:
/home/username/virtual_environment/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cv2/data/haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml
/home/username/virtual_environment/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cv2/data/haarcascade_eye.xml
Please be sure that you're using the absolute path. Otherwise, it won't work.
How do files get into the External Dependencies in Visual Studio C++?
To resolve external dependencies within project. below things are important..
1. The compiler should know that where are header '.h' files located in workspace.
2. The linker able to find all specified all '.lib' files & there names for current project.
So, Developer has to specify external dependencies for Project as below..
1. Select Project in Solution explorer.
2 . Project Properties -> Configuration Properties -> C/C++ -> General
specify all header files in "Additional Include Directories".
3. Project Properties -> Configuration Properties -> Linker -> General
specify relative path for all lib files in "Additional Library Directories".
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fr54G.png)
Trying to embed newline in a variable in bash
Try echo $'a\nb'
.
If you want to store it in a variable and then use it with the newlines intact, you will have to quote your usage correctly:
var=$'a\nb\nc'
echo "$var"
Or, to fix your example program literally:
var="a b c"
for i in $var; do
p="`echo -e "$p\\n$i"`"
done
echo "$p"
CSS - Expand float child DIV height to parent's height
I used this for a comment section:
_x000D_
_x000D_
.parent {_x000D_
display: flex;_x000D_
float: left;_x000D_
border-top:2px solid black;_x000D_
width:635px;_x000D_
margin:10px 0px 0px 0px;_x000D_
padding:0px 20px 0px 20px;_x000D_
background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);_x000D_
}_x000D_
_x000D_
.child-left {_x000D_
align-items: stretch;_x000D_
float: left;_x000D_
width:135px;_x000D_
padding:10px 10px 10px 0px;_x000D_
height:inherit;_x000D_
border-right:2px solid black;_x000D_
}_x000D_
_x000D_
.child-right {_x000D_
align-items: stretch;_x000D_
float: left;_x000D_
width:468px;_x000D_
padding:10px;_x000D_
}
_x000D_
<div class="parent">_x000D_
<div class="child-left">Short</div>_x000D_
<div class="child-right">Tall<br>Tall</div>_x000D_
</div>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
You could float the child-right to the right, but in this case I've calculated the widths of each div precisely.
Make install, but not to default directories?
I tried the above solutions. None worked.
In the end I opened Makefile file and manually changed prefix path to desired installation path like below.
PREFIX ?= "installation path"
When I tried --prefix, "make" complained that there is not such command input. However, perhaps some packages accepts --prefix which is of course a cleaner solution.
How to Increase Import Size Limit in phpMyAdmin
Change the file phpmyadmin.conf on c:/wamp64/alias/phpmyadmin.conf
php_admin_value upload_max_filesize 512M
php_admin_value post_max_size 512M
php_admin_value max_execution_time 360
php_admin_value max_input_time 360
It's very important you increase the time to 5000 or higher, Thus, the process will not stop when you are uploading a large file.
That works for me.
How to allow user to pick the image with Swift?
Complete copy-paste working image picker for swift 4 based on @user3182143 answer:
import Foundation
import UIKit
class ImagePickerManager: NSObject, UIImagePickerControllerDelegate, UINavigationControllerDelegate {
var picker = UIImagePickerController();
var alert = UIAlertController(title: "Choose Image", message: nil, preferredStyle: .actionSheet)
var viewController: UIViewController?
var pickImageCallback : ((UIImage) -> ())?;
override init(){
super.init()
let cameraAction = UIAlertAction(title: "Camera", style: .default){
UIAlertAction in
self.openCamera()
}
let galleryAction = UIAlertAction(title: "Gallery", style: .default){
UIAlertAction in
self.openGallery()
}
let cancelAction = UIAlertAction(title: "Cancel", style: .cancel){
UIAlertAction in
}
// Add the actions
picker.delegate = self
alert.addAction(cameraAction)
alert.addAction(galleryAction)
alert.addAction(cancelAction)
}
func pickImage(_ viewController: UIViewController, _ callback: @escaping ((UIImage) -> ())) {
pickImageCallback = callback;
self.viewController = viewController;
alert.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = self.viewController!.view
viewController.present(alert, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
func openCamera(){
alert.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
if(UIImagePickerController .isSourceTypeAvailable(.camera)){
picker.sourceType = .camera
self.viewController!.present(picker, animated: true, completion: nil)
} else {
let alertWarning = UIAlertView(title:"Warning", message: "You don't have camera", delegate:nil, cancelButtonTitle:"OK", otherButtonTitles:"")
alertWarning.show()
}
}
func openGallery(){
alert.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
picker.sourceType = .photoLibrary
self.viewController!.present(picker, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
func imagePickerControllerDidCancel(_ picker: UIImagePickerController) {
picker.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
}
//for swift below 4.2
//func imagePickerController(_ picker: UIImagePickerController, didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo info: [String : Any]) {
// picker.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
// let image = info[UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage] as! UIImage
// pickImageCallback?(image)
//}
// For Swift 4.2+
func imagePickerController(_ picker: UIImagePickerController, didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo info: [UIImagePickerController.InfoKey : Any]) {
picker.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
guard let image = info[.originalImage] as? UIImage else {
fatalError("Expected a dictionary containing an image, but was provided the following: \(info)")
}
pickImageCallback?(image)
}
@objc func imagePickerController(_ picker: UIImagePickerController, pickedImage: UIImage?) {
}
}
Call it from your viewcontroller like this:
ImagePickerManager().pickImage(self){ image in
//here is the image
}
Also don't forget to include the following keys in your info.plist
:
<key>NSCameraUsageDescription</key>
<string>This app requires access to the camera.</string>
<key>NSPhotoLibraryUsageDescription</key>
<string>This app requires access to the photo library.</string>
How can we run a test method with multiple parameters in MSTest?
It's very simple to implement - you should use TestContext
property and TestPropertyAttribute
.
Example
public TestContext TestContext { get; set; }
private List<string> GetProperties()
{
return TestContext.Properties
.Cast<KeyValuePair<string, object>>()
.Where(_ => _.Key.StartsWith("par"))
.Select(_ => _.Value as string)
.ToList();
}
//usage
[TestMethod]
[TestProperty("par1", "http://getbootstrap.com/components/")]
[TestProperty("par2", "http://www.wsj.com/europe")]
public void SomeTest()
{
var pars = GetProperties();
//...
}
EDIT:
I prepared few extension methods to simplify access to the TestContext
property and act like we have several test cases. See example with processing simple test properties here:
[TestMethod]
[TestProperty("fileName1", @".\test_file1")]
[TestProperty("fileName2", @".\test_file2")]
[TestProperty("fileName3", @".\test_file3")]
public void TestMethod3()
{
TestContext.GetMany<string>("fileName").ForEach(fileName =>
{
//Arrange
var f = new FileInfo(fileName);
//Act
var isExists = f.Exists;
//Asssert
Assert.IsFalse(isExists);
});
}
and example with creating complex test objects:
[TestMethod]
//Case 1
[TestProperty(nameof(FileDescriptor.FileVersionId), "673C9C2D-A29E-4ACC-90D4-67C52FBA84E4")]
//...
public void TestMethod2()
{
//Arrange
TestContext.For<FileDescriptor>().Fill(fi => fi.FileVersionId).Fill(fi => fi.Extension).Fill(fi => fi.Name).Fill(fi => fi.CreatedOn, new CultureInfo("en-US", false)).Fill(fi => fi.AccessPolicy)
.ForEach(fileInfo =>
{
//Act
var fileInfoString = fileInfo.ToString();
//Assert
Assert.AreEqual($"Id: {fileInfo.FileVersionId}; Ext: {fileInfo.Extension}; Name: {fileInfo.Name}; Created: {fileInfo.CreatedOn}; AccessPolicy: {fileInfo.AccessPolicy};", fileInfoString);
});
}
Take a look to the extension methods and set of samples for more details.
Access parent's parent from javascript object
I used something that resembles singleton pattern:
function myclass() = {
var instance = this;
this.Days = function() {
var days = ["Piatek", "Sobota", "Niedziela"];
return days;
}
this.EventTime = function(day, hours, minutes) {
this.Day = instance.Days()[day];
this.Hours = hours;
this.minutes = minutes;
this.TotalMinutes = day*24*60 + 60*hours + minutes;
}
}
Open Cygwin at a specific folder
I don't know why I had to wast so much time, but this works for me on win 10, 64 bit:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\shell\cygwin_bash]
@="Open Cygwin Here"
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\shell\cygwin_bash\command]
@="C:\\cygwin64\\bin\\mintty.exe -i /Cygwin-Terminal.ico C:\\cygwin64\\bin\\bash.exe --login -c \"cd \\\"%V\\\" ; exec bash -rcfile ~/.bashrc\""
Tkinter module not found on Ubuntu
Since you mention synaptic I think you're on Ubuntu. You probably need to run update-python-modules to update your Tkinter module for Python 3.
EDIT: Running update-python-modules
First, make sure you have python-support
installed:
sudo apt-get install python-support
Then, run update-python-modules
with the -a
option to rebuild all the modules:
sudo update-python-modules -a
I cannot guarantee all your modules will build though, since there are some API changes between Python 2 and Python 3.
iOS 7's blurred overlay effect using CSS?
- clone the element you want to blur
- append it to the element you want to be on top (the frosted window)
- blur cloned element with webkit-filter
- make sure cloned element is positioned absolute
- when scrolling the original element's parent, catch scrollTop and scrollLeft
- using requestAnimationFrame, now set the webkit-transform dynamically to translate3d with x and y values to scrollTop and scrollLeft
Example is here:
- make sure to open in webkit-browser
- scroll inside phone view (best with apple mouse...)
- see blurring footer in action
http://versie1.com/TEST/ios7/
C/C++ macro string concatenation
You don't need that sort of solution for string literals, since they are concatenated at the language level, and it wouldn't work anyway because "s""1" isn't a valid preprocessor token.
[Edit: In response to the incorrect "Just for the record" comment below that unfortunately received several upvotes, I will reiterate the statement above and observe that the program fragment
#define PPCAT_NX(A, B) A ## B
PPCAT_NX("s", "1")
produces this error message from the preprocessing phase of gcc: error: pasting ""s"" and ""1"" does not give a valid preprocessing token
]
However, for general token pasting, try this:
/*
* Concatenate preprocessor tokens A and B without expanding macro definitions
* (however, if invoked from a macro, macro arguments are expanded).
*/
#define PPCAT_NX(A, B) A ## B
/*
* Concatenate preprocessor tokens A and B after macro-expanding them.
*/
#define PPCAT(A, B) PPCAT_NX(A, B)
Then, e.g., both PPCAT_NX(s, 1)
and PPCAT(s, 1)
produce the identifier s1
, unless s
is defined as a macro, in which case PPCAT(s, 1)
produces <macro value of s>1
.
Continuing on the theme are these macros:
/*
* Turn A into a string literal without expanding macro definitions
* (however, if invoked from a macro, macro arguments are expanded).
*/
#define STRINGIZE_NX(A) #A
/*
* Turn A into a string literal after macro-expanding it.
*/
#define STRINGIZE(A) STRINGIZE_NX(A)
Then,
#define T1 s
#define T2 1
STRINGIZE(PPCAT(T1, T2)) // produces "s1"
By contrast,
STRINGIZE(PPCAT_NX(T1, T2)) // produces "T1T2"
STRINGIZE_NX(PPCAT_NX(T1, T2)) // produces "PPCAT_NX(T1, T2)"
#define T1T2 visit the zoo
STRINGIZE(PPCAT_NX(T1, T2)) // produces "visit the zoo"
STRINGIZE_NX(PPCAT(T1, T2)) // produces "PPCAT(T1, T2)"
URL encoding the space character: + or %20?
I would recommend %20
.
Are you hard-coding them?
This is not very consistent across languages, though.
If I'm not mistaken, in PHP urlencode()
treats spaces as +
whereas Python's urlencode()
treats them as %20
.
EDIT:
It seems I'm mistaken. Python's urlencode()
(at least in 2.7.2) uses quote_plus()
instead of quote()
and thus encodes spaces as "+".
It seems also that the W3C recommendation is the "+" as per here: http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4.1
And in fact, you can follow this interesting debate on Python's own issue tracker about what to use to encode spaces: http://bugs.python.org/issue13866.
EDIT #2:
I understand that the most common way of encoding " " is as "+", but just a note, it may be just me, but I find this a bit confusing:
import urllib
print(urllib.urlencode({' ' : '+ '})
>>> '+=%2B+'
"Couldn't read dependencies" error with npm
Recently, I've started to get an error:
npm ERR! install Couldn't read dependencies
npm ERR! Error: Invalid version: "1.0"
So, you may need to specify version
of your package with 3 numbers, e.g. 1.0.0
instead of 1.0
if you get similar error.
App not setup: This app is still in development mode
I had the same problem and it took me around one hour to figure out where i went wrong only to note that i had used a wrong app id....just go to your code and used a correct id here
window.fbAsyncInit = function() {
FB.init({
appId : '1740077446229063',//your app id
cookie : true, // enable cookies to allow the server to access
// the session
xfbml : true, // parse social plugins on this page
version : 'v2.5' // use graph api version 2.5
});
Active Directory LDAP Query by sAMAccountName and Domain
First, modify your search filter to only look for users and not contacts:
(&(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user)(sAMAccountName=BTYNDALL))
You can enumerate all of the domains of a forest by connecting to the configuration partition and enumerating all the entries in the partitions container. Sorry I don't have any C# code right now but here is some vbscript code I've used in the past:
Set objRootDSE = GetObject("LDAP://RootDSE")
AdComm.Properties("Sort on") = "name"
AdComm.CommandText = "<LDAP://cn=Partitions," & _
objRootDSE.Get("ConfigurationNamingContext") & ">;" & _
"(&(objectcategory=crossRef)(systemFlags=3));" & _
"name,nCName,dnsRoot;onelevel"
set AdRs = AdComm.Execute
From that you can retrieve the name and dnsRoot of each partition:
AdRs.MoveFirst
With AdRs
While Not .EOF
dnsRoot = .Fields("dnsRoot")
Set objOption = Document.createElement("OPTION")
objOption.Text = dnsRoot(0)
objOption.Value = "LDAP://" & dnsRoot(0) & "/" & .Fields("nCName").Value
Domain.Add(objOption)
.MoveNext
Wend
End With
Objective-C for Windows
You can use Objective C inside the Windows environment. If you follow these steps, it should be working just fine:
- Visit the GNUstep website and download
GNUstep MSYS Subsystem
(MSYS for GNUstep), GNUstep Core
(Libraries for GNUstep), and GNUstep Devel
- After downloading these files, install in that order, or you will have problems with configuration
- Navigate to
C:\GNUstep\GNUstep\System\Library\Headers\Foundation
1 and ensure that Foundation.h
exists
- Open up a command prompt and run
gcc -v
to check that GNUstep MSYS
is correctly installed (if you get a file not found error, ensure that the bin
folder of GNUstep MSYS
is in your PATH
)
Use this simple "Hello World" program to test GNUstep's functionality:
#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main(void)
{
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
NSLog(@"Hello World!.");
[pool drain];
return;
}
Go back to the command prompt and cd
to where you saved the "Hello World" program and then compile it:2
gcc -o helloworld.exe <HELLOWORLD>.m -I /GNUstep/GNUstep/System/Library/Headers -L /GNUstep/GNUstep/System/Library/Libraries -std=c99 -lobjc -lgnustep-base -fconstant-string-class=NSConstantString
Finally, from the command prompt, type helloworld
to run it
All the best, and have fun with Objective-C!
NOTES:
- I used the default install path - adjust your command line accordingly
- Ensure the folder path of yours is similar to mine, otherwise you will get an error
How to change the minSdkVersion of a project?
Set the min SDK version within your project's AndroidManifest.xml file:
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="4"/>
What exactly causes the crash? Iron out all crashes/bugs in minimum version and then test in higher versions.
Hosting ASP.NET in IIS7 gives Access is denied?
This is what happened to me:
Get
- Post
is ok. Working well.
When I try to use Options
verb, the server return error like that.
![403](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hvLdR.jpg)
Then, beware with urlScan
I add OPTIONS verb to urlscan configuration .ini file, then everything works well.
To check if urlscan is installed or not, open your iis manager, and open ISAPI FILTERS
url scan should appear at the list.
Switch statement for greater-than/less-than
Untested and unsure if this will work, but why not do a few if statements
before, to set variables for the switch statement
.
var small, big;
if(scrollLeft < 1000){
//add some token to the page
//call it small
}
switch (//reference token/) {
case (small):
//do stuff
break;
case (big):
//do stuff;
break;
}
Moving items around in an ArrayList
I came across this old question in my search for an answer, and I thought I would just post the solution I found in case someone else passes by here looking for the same.
For swapping 2 elements, Collections.swap is fine. But if we want to move more elements, there is a better solution that involves a creative use of Collections.sublist and Collections.rotate that I hadn't thought of until I saw it described here:
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html#rotate%28java.util.List,%20int%29
Here's a quote, but go there and read the whole thing for yourself too:
Note that this method can usefully be applied to sublists to move one
or more elements within a list while preserving the order of the
remaining elements. For example, the following idiom moves the element
at index j forward to position k (which must be greater than or equal
to j):
Collections.rotate(list.subList(j, k+1), -1);
How to parse a text file with C#
You could open the file up and use StreamReader.ReadLine to read the file in line-by-line. Then you can use String.Split to break each line into pieces (use a \t delimiter) to extract the second number.
As the number of items is different you would need to search the string for the pattern 'item\*.ddj'.
To delete an item you could (for example) keep all of the file's contents in memory and write out a new file when the user clicks 'Save'.
DLL and LIB files - what and why?
Another aspect is security (obfuscation). Once a piece of code is extracted from the main application and put in a "separated" Dynamic-Link Library, it is easier to attack, analyse (reverse-engineer) the code, since it has been isolated. When the same piece of code is kept in a LIB Library, it is part of the compiled (linked) target application, and this thus harder to isolate (differentiate) that piece of code from the rest of the target binaries.
How do I call a function twice or more times consecutively?
from itertools import repeat, starmap
results = list(starmap(do, repeat((), 3)))
See the repeatfunc recipe from the itertools module that is actually much more powerful. If you need to just call the method but don't care about the return values you can use it in a for loop:
for _ in starmap(do, repeat((), 3)): pass
but that's getting ugly.
Error loading MySQLdb Module 'Did you install mysqlclient or MySQL-python?'
If you already have mysqlclient
installed (i.e. you see Requirement already satisfied
) and are getting Error loading MySQLdb Module
, the following worked for me:
pip uninstall mysqlclient
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
and export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
as explained here
pip install mysqlclient
That reinstalls mysqlclient
and for whatever reason solved my problem.
How to respond to clicks on a checkbox in an AngularJS directive?
Liviu's answer was extremely helpful for me. Hope this is not bad form but i made a fiddle that may help someone else out in the future.
Two important pieces that are needed are:
$scope.entities = [{
"title": "foo",
"id": 1
}, {
"title": "bar",
"id": 2
}, {
"title": "baz",
"id": 3
}];
$scope.selected = [];
How to extract text from an existing docx file using python-docx
It seems that there is no official solution for this problem, but there is a workaround posted here
https://github.com/savoirfairelinux/python-docx/commit/afd9fef6b2636c196761e5ed34eb05908e582649
just update this file
"...\site-packages\docx\oxml_init_.py"
# add
import re
import sys
# add
def remove_hyperlink_tags(xml):
if (sys.version_info > (3, 0)):
xml = xml.decode('utf-8')
xml = xml.replace('</w:hyperlink>', '')
xml = re.sub('<w:hyperlink[^>]*>', '', xml)
if (sys.version_info > (3, 0)):
xml = xml.encode('utf-8')
return xml
# update
def parse_xml(xml):
"""
Return root lxml element obtained by parsing XML character string in
*xml*, which can be either a Python 2.x string or unicode. The custom
parser is used, so custom element classes are produced for elements in
*xml* that have them.
"""
root_element = etree.fromstring(remove_hyperlink_tags(xml), oxml_parser)
return root_element
and of course don't forget to mention in the documentation that use are changing the official library
How to create a temporary directory/folder in Java?
This is the source code to the Guava library's Files.createTempDir(). It's nowhere as complex as you might think:
public static File createTempDir() {
File baseDir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
String baseName = System.currentTimeMillis() + "-";
for (int counter = 0; counter < TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS; counter++) {
File tempDir = new File(baseDir, baseName + counter);
if (tempDir.mkdir()) {
return tempDir;
}
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create directory within "
+ TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS + " attempts (tried "
+ baseName + "0 to " + baseName + (TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS - 1) + ')');
}
By default:
private static final int TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS = 10000;
See here
Sleep function in ORACLE
From Oracle 18c you could use DBMS_SESSION.SLEEP procedure:
This procedure suspends the session for a specified period of time.
DBMS_SESSION.SLEEP (seconds IN NUMBER)
DBMS_SESSION.sleep
is available to all sessions with no additional grants needed.
Please note that DBMS_LOCK.sleep
is deprecated.
If you need simple query sleep you could use WITH FUNCTION
:
WITH FUNCTION my_sleep(i NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
BEGIN
DBMS_SESSION.sleep(i);
RETURN i;
END;
SELECT my_sleep(3) FROM dual;
Reading data from a website using C#
If you're downloading text then I'd recommend using the WebClient and get a streamreader to the text:
WebClient web = new WebClient();
System.IO.Stream stream = web.OpenRead("http://www.yoursite.com/resource.txt");
using (System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(stream))
{
String text = reader.ReadToEnd();
}
If this is taking a long time then it is probably a network issue or a problem on the web server. Try opening the resource in a browser and see how long that takes.
If the webpage is very large, you may want to look at streaming it in chunks rather than reading all the way to the end as in that example.
Look at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.io.stream.read.aspx to see how to read from a stream.
jquery simple image slideshow tutorial
Here is my adaptation of Michael Soriano's tutorial. See below or in JSBin.
_x000D_
_x000D_
$(function() {_x000D_
var theImage = $('ul#ss li img');_x000D_
var theWidth = theImage.width();_x000D_
//wrap into mother div_x000D_
$('ul#ss').wrap('<div id="mother" />');_x000D_
//assign height width and overflow hidden to mother_x000D_
$('#mother').css({_x000D_
width: function() {_x000D_
return theWidth;_x000D_
},_x000D_
height: function() {_x000D_
return theImage.height();_x000D_
},_x000D_
position: 'relative',_x000D_
overflow: 'hidden'_x000D_
});_x000D_
//get total of image sizes and set as width for ul _x000D_
var totalWidth = theImage.length * theWidth;_x000D_
$('ul').css({_x000D_
width: function() {_x000D_
return totalWidth;_x000D_
}_x000D_
});_x000D_
_x000D_
var ss_timer = setInterval(function() {_x000D_
ss_next();_x000D_
}, 3000);_x000D_
_x000D_
function ss_next() {_x000D_
var a = $(".active");_x000D_
a.removeClass('active');_x000D_
_x000D_
if (a.hasClass('last')) {_x000D_
//last element -- loop_x000D_
a.parent('ul').animate({_x000D_
"margin-left": (0)_x000D_
}, 1000);_x000D_
a.siblings(":first").addClass('active');_x000D_
} else {_x000D_
a.parent('ul').animate({_x000D_
"margin-left": (-(a.index() + 1) * theWidth)_x000D_
}, 1000);_x000D_
a.next().addClass('active');_x000D_
}_x000D_
}_x000D_
_x000D_
// Cancel slideshow and move next manually on click_x000D_
$('ul#ss li img').on('click', function() {_x000D_
clearInterval(ss_timer);_x000D_
ss_next();_x000D_
});_x000D_
_x000D_
});
_x000D_
* {_x000D_
margin: 0;_x000D_
padding: 0;_x000D_
}_x000D_
#ss {_x000D_
list-style: none;_x000D_
}_x000D_
#ss li {_x000D_
float: left;_x000D_
}_x000D_
#ss img {_x000D_
width: 200px;_x000D_
height: 100px;_x000D_
}
_x000D_
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>_x000D_
<ul id="ss">_x000D_
<li class="active">_x000D_
<img src="http://leemark.github.io/better-simple-slideshow/demo/img/colorado-colors.jpg">_x000D_
</li>_x000D_
<li>_x000D_
<img src="http://leemark.github.io/better-simple-slideshow/demo/img/monte-vista.jpg">_x000D_
</li>_x000D_
<li class="last">_x000D_
<img src="http://leemark.github.io/better-simple-slideshow/demo/img/colorado.jpg">_x000D_
</li>_x000D_
</ul>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
How do I find out what type each object is in a ArrayList<Object>?
Since Java 8
mixedArrayList.forEach((o) -> {
String type = o.getClass().getSimpleName();
switch (type) {
case "String":
// treat as a String
break;
case "Integer":
// treat as an int
break;
case "Double":
// treat as a double
break;
...
default:
// whatever
}
});
Set disable attribute based on a condition for Html.TextBoxFor
I like the extension method approach so you don't have to pass through all possible parameters.
However using Regular expressions can be quite tricky (and somewhat slower) so I used XDocument
instead:
public static MvcHtmlString SetDisabled(this MvcHtmlString html, bool isDisabled)
{
var xDocument = XDocument.Parse(html.ToHtmlString());
if (!(xDocument.FirstNode is XElement element))
{
return html;
}
element.SetAttributeValue("disabled", isDisabled ? "disabled" : null);
return MvcHtmlString.Create(element.ToString());
}
Use the extension method like this:
@Html.EditorFor(m => m.MyProperty).SetDisabled(Model.ExpireDate == null)
WebView and Cookies on Android
CookieManager.getInstance().setAcceptCookie(true);
Normally it should work if your webview is already initialized
or try this:
CookieSyncManager.createInstance(this);
CookieManager cookieManager = CookieManager.getInstance();
cookieManager.removeAllCookie();
cookieManager.setAcceptCookie(true);
jQuery ajax success error
I had the same problem;
textStatus = 'error'
errorThrown = (empty)
xhr.status = 0
That fits my problem exactly. It turns out that when I was loading the HTML-page from my own computer this problem existed, but when I loaded the HTML-page from my webserver it went alright. Then I tried to upload it to another domain, and again the same error occoured. Seems to be a cross-domain problem. (in my case at least)
I have tried calling it this way also:
var request = $.ajax({
url: "http://crossdomain.url.net/somefile.php", dataType: "text",
crossDomain: true,
xhrFields: {
withCredentials: true
}
});
but without success.
This post solved it for me: jQuery AJAX cross domain
Import an Excel worksheet into Access using VBA
Pass the sheet name with the Range parameter of the DoCmd.TransferSpreadsheet Method. See the box titled "Worksheets in the Range Parameter" near the bottom of that page.
This code imports from a sheet named "temp" in a workbook named "temp.xls", and stores the data in a table named "tblFromExcel".
Dim strXls As String
strXls = CurrentProject.Path & Chr(92) & "temp.xls"
DoCmd.TransferSpreadsheet acImport, , "tblFromExcel", _
strXls, True, "temp!"
Array versus linked-list
In an array you have the privilege of accessing any element in O(1) time. So its suitable for operations like Binary search Quick sort, etc. Linked list on the other hand is suitable for insertion deletion as its in O(1) time. Both has advantages as well as disadvantages and to prefer one over the other boils down to what you want to implement.
-- Bigger question is can we have a hybrid of both. Something like what python and perl implement as lists.
How can I stop a While loop?
def determine_period(universe_array):
period=0
tmp=universe_array
while period<12:
tmp=apply_rules(tmp)#aplly_rules is a another function
if numpy.array_equal(tmp,universe_array) is True:
break
period+=1
return period
Checkbox for nullable boolean
Checkbox only offer you 2 values (true, false). Nullable boolean has 3 values (true, false, null) so it's impossible to do it with a checkbox.
A good option is to use a drop down instead.
Model
public bool? myValue;
public List<SelectListItem> valueList;
Controller
model.valueList = new List<SelectListItem>();
model.valueList.Add(new SelectListItem() { Text = "", Value = "" });
model.valueList.Add(new SelectListItem() { Text = "Yes", Value = "true" });
model.valueList.Add(new SelectListItem() { Text = "No", Value = "false" });
View
@Html.DropDownListFor(m => m.myValue, valueList)
setTimeout in for-loop does not print consecutive values
This's Because!
- The timeout function
callbacks are all running well after the completion of the loop. In fact,
as timers go, even if it was setTimeout(.., 0) on each iteration, all
those function callbacks would still run strictly after the completion
of the loop, that's why 3 was reflected!
- all two of those functions, though they are defined
separately in each loop iteration, are closed over the same shared global
scope, which has, in fact, only one i in it.
the Solution's declaring a single scope for each iteration by using a self-function executed(anonymous one or better IIFE) and having a copy of i in it, like this:
for (var i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
(function(){
var j = i;
setTimeout(function() { console.log(j) }, 100);
})();
}
the cleaner one would be
for (var i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
(function(i){
setTimeout(function() { console.log(i) }, 100);
})(i);
}
The use of an IIFE(self-executed function) inside each iteration created a new scope for each
iteration, which gave our timeout function callbacks the opportunity
to close over a new scope for each iteration, one which had a variable
with the right per-iteration value in it for us to access.
Simple Android RecyclerView example
Now you need 1 adapter for all RecyclerView
- One adapter can be used in for all RecyclerView. So NO
onBindViewHolder
, No onCreateViewHolder
handling.
- No code for setting adapter from Java/Kotlin class. Check sample class.
- You can set events and custom data for every list by using Binding Adapters.
![screenshot](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xV9UW.png)
I show here setting two different RecyclerView
by 1 adapter -
activity_home.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<data>
<variable
name="listOne"
type="java.util.List"/>
<variable
name="listTwo"
type="java.util.List"/>
<variable
name="onItemClickListenerOne"
type="com.ks.nestedrecyclerbindingexample.callbacks.OnItemClickListener"/>
<variable
name="onItemClickListenerTwo"
type="com.ks.nestedrecyclerbindingexample.callbacks.OnItemClickListener"/>
</data>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
rvItemLayout="@{@layout/row_one}"
rvList="@{listOne}"
rvOnItemClick="@{onItemClickListenerOne}"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:layoutManager="android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager"
/>
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
rvItemLayout="@{@layout/row_two}"
rvList="@{listTwo}"
rvOnItemClick="@{onItemClickListenerTwo}"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:layoutManager="android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager"
/>
</LinearLayout>
</layout>
You can see I pass list, item layout id and click listener from layout.
rvItemLayout="@{@layout/row_one}"
rvList="@{listOne}"
rvOnItemClick="@{onItemClickListenerOne}"
This custom attributes are created by BindingAdapter.
public class BindingAdapters {
@BindingAdapter(value = {"rvItemLayout", "rvList", "rvOnItemClick"}, requireAll = false)
public static void setRvAdapter(RecyclerView recyclerView, int rvItemLayout, List rvList, @Nullable OnItemClickListener onItemClickListener) {
if (rvItemLayout != 0 && rvList != null && rvList.size() > 0)
recyclerView.setAdapter(new GeneralAdapter(rvItemLayout, rvList, onItemClickListener));
}
}
Now from Activity, you pass list, click listener like
HomeActivity.java
public class HomeActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
ActivityHomeBinding binding;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_home);
binding.setListOne(new ArrayList()); // pass your list or set list from response of API
binding.setListTwo(new ArrayList());
binding.setOnItemClickListenerOne(new OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(View view, Object object) {
if (object instanceof ModelParent) {
// TODO: your action here
}
}
});
binding.setOnItemClickListenerTwo(new OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(View view, Object object) {
if (object instanceof ModelChild) {
// TODO: your action here
}
}
});
}
}
You don't want read too much, directly clone/download full example on from my github repo. And try it yourself.
You can see GeneralAdapter.java
in above repo.
If you have problems while setting up data binding, please see this answer.
HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name is Empty
In addition to "answered Mar 28 '11 at 12:27Bryan Bedard"
In case that the solution doesn't work, you have to enable Windows Authentication in iss manager.
How to do that:
1.To start IIS Manager from the Run dialog box:
On the Start menu, click All Programs, click Accessories, and then click Run.
In the Open box, type inetmgr and then click OK.
2.In the Connections pane, expand the server name, expand Sites, and go to the level in the hierarchy pane that you want to configure, and then click the Web site or Web application.
3. Scroll to the IIS section in the Home pane, and then double-click Authentication.
4.In the Authentication pane, select Anonymous Authentication, and then click Disable.
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1B1N7.png)
- In the Authentication pane, select Windows Authentication, and then click Enable.
Reference
EXTRACT() Hour in 24 Hour format
The problem is not with extract
, which can certainly handle 'military time'. It looks like you have a default timestamp format which has HH
instead of HH24
; or at least that's the only way I can see to recreate this:
SQL> select value from nls_session_parameters
2 where parameter = 'NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DD-MON-RR HH24.MI.SSXFF
SQL> select extract(hour from cast(to_char(sysdate, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS')
2 as timestamp)) from dual;
EXTRACT(HOURFROMCAST(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-YYYYHH24:MI:SS')ASTIMESTAMP))
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
15
alter session set nls_timestamp_format = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS';
Session altered.
SQL> select extract(hour from cast(to_char(sysdate, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS')
2 as timestamp)) from dual;
select extract(hour from cast(to_char(sysdate, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') as timestamp)) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01849: hour must be between 1 and 12
So the simple 'fix' is to set the format to something that does recognise 24-hours:
SQL> alter session set nls_timestamp_format = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
Session altered.
SQL> select extract(hour from cast(to_char(sysdate, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS')
2 as timestamp)) from dual;
EXTRACT(HOURFROMCAST(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-YYYYHH24:MI:SS')ASTIMESTAMP))
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
15
Although you don't need the to_char
at all:
SQL> select extract(hour from cast(sysdate as timestamp)) from dual;
EXTRACT(HOURFROMCAST(SYSDATEASTIMESTAMP))
-----------------------------------------
15
Eloquent - where not equal to
Fetching data with either null and value on where conditions are very tricky. Even if you are using straight Where and OrWhereNotNull condition then for every rows you will fetch both items ignoring other where conditions if applied. For example if you have more where conditions it will mask out those and still return with either null or value items because you used orWhere condition
The best way so far I found is as follows. This works as where (whereIn Or WhereNotNull)
Code::where(function ($query) {
$query->where('to_be_used_by_user_id', '!=' , 2)->orWhereNull('to_be_used_by_user_id');
})->get();
On Selenium WebDriver how to get Text from Span Tag
If you'd rather use xpath and that span is the only span below your div, use my example below. I'd recommend using CSS (see sircapsalot's post).
String kk = wd.findElement(By.xpath(//*[@id='customSelect_3']//span)).getText();
css example:
String kk = wd.findElement(By.cssSelector("div[id='customSelect_3'] span[class='selectLabel clear']")).getText();
How to list all tags along with the full message in git?
git tag -n99
Short and sweet. This will list up to 99 lines from each tag annotation/commit message. Here is a link to the official documentation for git tag.
I now think the limitation of only showing up to 99 lines per tag is actually a good thing as most of the time, if there were really more than 99 lines for a single tag, you wouldn't really want to see all the rest of the lines would you? If you did want to see more than 99 lines per tag, you could always increase this to a larger number.
I mean, I guess there could be a specific situation or reason to want to see massive tag messages, but at what point do you not want to see the whole message? When it has more than 999 lines? 10,000? 1,000,000? My point is, it typically makes sense to have a cap on how many lines you would see, and this number allows you to set that.
Since I am making an argument for what you generally want to see when looking at your tags, it probably makes sense to set something like this as an alias (from Iulian Onofrei's comment below):
git config --global alias.tags 'tag -n99'
I mean, you don't really want to have to type in git tag -n99
every time you just want to see your tags do you? Once that alias is configured, whenever you want to see your tags, you would just type git tags
into your terminal. Personally, I prefer to take things a step further than this and create even more abbreviated bash aliases for all my commonly used commands. For that purpose, you could add something like this to your .bashrc file (works on Linux and similar environments):
alias gtag='git tag -n99'
Then whenever you want to see your tags, you just type gtag
. Another advantage of going down the alias path (either git aliases or bash aliases or whatever) is you now have a spot already in place where you can add further customizations to how you personally, generally want to have your tags shown to you (like sorting them in certain ways as in my comment below, etc). Once you get over the hurtle of creating your first alias, you will now realize how easy it is to create more of them for other things you like to work in a customized way, like git log
, but let's save that one for a different question/answer.
Number of days between two dates in Joda-Time
tl;dr
java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(
earlier.toLocalDate(),
later.toLocalDate()
)
…or…
java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.HOURS.between(
earlier.truncatedTo( ChronoUnit.HOURS ) ,
later.truncatedTo( ChronoUnit.HOURS )
)
java.time
FYI, the Joda-Time project is now in maintenance mode, with the team advising migration to the java.time classes.
The equivalent of Joda-Time DateTime
is ZonedDateTime
.
ZoneId z = ZoneId.of( "Pacific/Auckland" ) ;
ZonedDateTime now = ZonedDateTime.now( z ) ;
Apparently you want to count the days by dates, meaning you want to ignore the time of day. For example, starting a minute before midnight and ending a minute after midnight should result in a single day. For this behavior, extract a LocalDate
from your ZonedDateTime
. The LocalDate
class represents a date-only value without time-of-day and without time zone.
LocalDate localDateStart = zdtStart.toLocalDate() ;
LocalDate localDateStop = zdtStop.toLocalDate() ;
Use the ChronoUnit
enum to calculate elapsed days or other units.
long days = ChronoUnit.DAYS.between( localDateStart , localDateStop ) ;
Truncate
As for you asking about a more general way to do this counting where you are interested the delta of hours as hour-of-the-clock rather than complete hours as spans-of-time of sixty minutes, use the truncatedTo
method.
Here is your example of 14:45 to 15:12 on same day.
ZoneId z = ZoneId.of( "America/Montreal" );
ZonedDateTime start = ZonedDateTime.of( 2017 , 1 , 17 , 14 , 45 , 0 , 0 , z );
ZonedDateTime stop = ZonedDateTime.of( 2017 , 1 , 17 , 15 , 12 , 0 , 0 , z );
long hours = ChronoUnit.HOURS.between( start.truncatedTo( ChronoUnit.HOURS ) , stop.truncatedTo( ChronoUnit.HOURS ) );
1
This does not work for days. Use toLocalDate() in this case.
About java.time
The java.time framework is built into Java 8 and later. These classes supplant the troublesome old legacy date-time classes such as java.util.Date
, Calendar
, & SimpleDateFormat
.
The Joda-Time project, now in maintenance mode, advises migration to the java.time classes.
To learn more, see the Oracle Tutorial. And search Stack Overflow for many examples and explanations. Specification is JSR 310.
You may exchange java.time objects directly with your database. Use a JDBC driver compliant with JDBC 4.2 or later. No need for strings, no need for java.sql.*
classes.
Where to obtain the java.time classes?
The ThreeTen-Extra project extends java.time with additional classes. This project is a proving ground for possible future additions to java.time. You may find some useful classes here such as Interval
, YearWeek
, YearQuarter
, and more.
The ThreeTen-Extra project extends java.time with additional classes. This project is a proving ground for possible future additions to java.time. You may find some useful classes here such as Interval
, YearWeek
, YearQuarter
, and more.
Is there a method that calculates a factorial in Java?
Short answer is: use recursion.
You can create one method and call that method right inside the same method recursively:
public class factorial {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(calc(10));
}
public static long calc(long n) {
if (n <= 1)
return 1;
else
return n * calc(n - 1);
}
}
UnmodifiableMap (Java Collections) vs ImmutableMap (Google)
Guava Documentation
The JDK provides Collections.unmodifiableXXX
methods, but in our opinion, these can be unwieldy and verbose; unpleasant to use everywhere you want to make defensive copies unsafe: the returned collections are only truly immutable if nobody holds a reference to the original collection inefficient: the data structures still have all the overhead of mutable collections, including concurrent modification checks, extra space in hash tables, etc.
How to split large text file in windows?
Of course there is! Win CMD can do a lot more than just split text files :)
Split a text file into separate files of 'max' lines each:
Split text file (max lines each):
: Initialize
set input=file.txt
set max=10000
set /a line=1 >nul
set /a file=1 >nul
set out=!file!_%input%
set /a max+=1 >nul
echo Number of lines in %input%:
find /c /v "" < %input%
: Split file
for /f "tokens=* delims=[" %i in ('type "%input%" ^| find /v /n ""') do (
if !line!==%max% (
set /a line=1 >nul
set /a file+=1 >nul
set out=!file!_%input%
echo Writing file: !out!
)
REM Write next file
set a=%i
set a=!a:*]=]!
echo:!a:~1!>>out!
set /a line+=1 >nul
)
If above code hangs or crashes, this example code splits files faster (by writing data to intermediate files instead of keeping everything in memory):
eg. To split a file with 7,600 lines into smaller files of maximum 3000 lines.
- Generate regexp string/pattern files with
set
command to be fed to /g
flag of findstr
list1.txt
\[[0-9]\]
\[[0-9][0-9]\]
\[[0-9][0-9][0-9]\]
\[[0-2][0-9][0-9][0-9]\]
list2.txt
\[[3-5][0-9][0-9][0-9]\]
list3.txt
\[[6-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]\]
- Split the file into smaller files:
type "%input%" | find /v /n "" | findstr /b /r /g:list1.txt > file1.txt
type "%input%" | find /v /n "" | findstr /b /r /g:list2.txt > file2.txt
type "%input%" | find /v /n "" | findstr /b /r /g:list3.txt > file3.txt
- remove prefixed line numbers for each file split:
eg. for the 1st file:
for /f "tokens=* delims=[" %i in ('type "%cd%\file1.txt"') do (
set a=%i
set a=!a:*]=]!
echo:!a:~1!>>file_1.txt)
Notes:
Works with leading whitespace, blank lines & whitespace lines.
Tested on Win 10 x64 CMD, on 4.4GB text file, 5651982 lines.
Grep and Python
Adapted from a grep in python.
Accepts a list of filenames via [2:]
, does no exception handling:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import re, sys, os
for f in filter(os.path.isfile, sys.argv[2:]):
for line in open(f).readlines():
if re.match(sys.argv[1], line):
print line
sys.argv[1]
resp sys.argv[2:]
works, if you run it as an standalone executable, meaning
chmod +x
first
Update statement using with clause
If anyone comes here after me, this is the answer that worked for me.
NOTE: please make to read the comments before using this, this not complete.
The best advice for update queries I can give is to switch to SqlServer ;)
update mytable t
set z = (
with comp as (
select b.*, 42 as computed
from mytable t
where bs_id = 1
)
select c.computed
from comp c
where c.id = t.id
)
Good luck,
GJ
Add a tooltip to a div
You don't need JavaScript for this at all; just set the title
attribute:
<div title="Hello, World!">
<label>Name</label>
<input type="text"/>
</div>
Note that the visual presentation of the tooltip is browser/OS dependent, so it might fade in and it might not. However, this is the semantic way to do tooltips, and it will work correctly with accessibility software like screen readers.
Demo in Stack Snippets
_x000D_
_x000D_
<div title="Hello, World!">_x000D_
<label>Name</label>_x000D_
<input type="text"/>_x000D_
</div>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
How do I install the OpenSSL libraries on Ubuntu?
As a general rule, when on Debian or Ubuntu and you're missing a development file (or any other file for that matter), use apt-file
to figure out which package provides that file:
~ apt-file search openssl/bio.h
android-libboringssl-dev: /usr/include/android/openssl/bio.h
libssl-dev: /usr/include/openssl/bio.h
libwolfssl-dev: /usr/include/cyassl/openssl/bio.h
libwolfssl-dev: /usr/include/wolfssl/openssl/bio.h
A quick glance at each of the packages that are returned by the command, using apt show
will tell you which among the packages is the one you're looking for:
~ apt show libssl-dev
Package: libssl-dev
Version: 1.1.1d-2
Priority: optional
Section: libdevel
Source: openssl
Maintainer: Debian OpenSSL Team <[email protected]>
Installed-Size: 8,095 kB
Depends: libssl1.1 (= 1.1.1d-2)
Suggests: libssl-doc
Conflicts: libssl1.0-dev
Homepage: https://www.openssl.org/
Tag: devel::lang:c, devel::library, implemented-in::TODO, implemented-in::c,
protocol::ssl, role::devel-lib, security::cryptography
Download-Size: 1,797 kB
APT-Sources: http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian unstable/main amd64 Packages
Description: Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - development files
This package is part of the OpenSSL project's implementation of the SSL
and TLS cryptographic protocols for secure communication over the
Internet.
.
It contains development libraries, header files, and manpages for libssl
and libcrypto.
N: There is 1 additional record. Please use the '-a' switch to see it
map function for objects (instead of arrays)
The map function
does not exist on the Object.prototype
however you can emulate it like so
var myMap = function ( obj, callback ) {
var result = {};
for ( var key in obj ) {
if ( Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call( obj, key ) ) {
if ( typeof callback === 'function' ) {
result[ key ] = callback.call( obj, obj[ key ], key, obj );
}
}
}
return result;
};
var myObject = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 };
var newObject = myMap( myObject, function ( value, key ) {
return value * value;
});
What is a database transaction?
"A series of data manipulation statements that must either fully complete or fully fail, leaving the database in a consistent state"
How to use Python requests to fake a browser visit a.k.a and generate User Agent?
Answer
You need to create a header with a proper formatted User agent String, it server to communicate client-server.
You can check your own user agent Here.
Example
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X x.y; rv:42.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/42.0
I found this module very simple to use, in one line of code it randomly generates a User agent string.
from user_agent import generate_user_agent, generate_navigator
from pprint import pprint
print(generate_user_agent())
# 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64)'
print(generate_user_agent(os=('mac', 'linux')))
# 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:36.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/36.0'
pprint(generate_navigator())
# {'app_code_name': 'Mozilla',
# 'app_name': 'Netscape',
# 'appversion': '5.0',
# 'name': 'firefox',
# 'os': 'linux',
# 'oscpu': 'Linux i686 on x86_64',
# 'platform': 'Linux i686 on x86_64',
# 'user_agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686 on x86_64; rv:41.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/41.0',
# 'version': '41.0'}
pprint(generate_navigator_js())
# {'appCodeName': 'Mozilla',
# 'appName': 'Netscape',
# 'appVersion': '38.0',
# 'platform': 'MacIntel',
# 'userAgent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0'}
Chrome net::ERR_INCOMPLETE_CHUNKED_ENCODING error
if you can get the proper response in your localhost and getting this error kind of error and if you are using nginx
.
Go to Server and open nginx.conf with :
nano etc/nginx/nginx.conf
Add following line in http block :
proxy_buffering off;
Save and exit the file
This solved my issue
Test if number is odd or even
Another option is to check if the last digit is an even number :
$value = "1024";// A Number
$even = array(0, 2, 4, 6, 8);
if(in_array(substr($value, -1),$even)){
// Even Number
}else{
// Odd Number
}
Or to make it faster, use isset()
instead of array_search
:
$value = "1024";// A Number
$even = array(0 => 1, 2 => 1, 4 => 1, 6 => 1, 8 => 1);
if(isset($even[substr($value, -1)]){
// Even Number
}else{
// Odd Number
}
Or to make it more faster (beats mod operator
at times) :
$even = array(0, 2, 4, 6, 8);
if(in_array(substr($number, -1),$even)){
// Even Number
}else{
// Odd Number
}
Here is the time test as a proof to my findings.
How to convert a Base64 string into a Bitmap image to show it in a ImageView?
To anyone who is still interested in this question:
If:
1-decodeByteArray returns null
2-Base64.decode throws bad-base64 Exception
Here is the solution:
-You should consider the value sent to you from API is Base64 Encoded and should be decoded first in order to cast it to a Bitmap object!
-Take a look at your Base64 encoded String, If it starts with
data:image/jpg;base64
The Base64.decode won't be able to decode it, So it has to be removed from your encoded String:
final String encodedString = "data:image/jpg;base64, ....";
final String pureBase64Encoded = encodedString.substring(encodedString.indexOf(",") + 1);
Now the pureBase64Encoded object is ready to be decoded:
final byte[] decodedBytes = Base64.decode(pureBase64Encoded, Base64.DEFAULT);
Now just simply use the line below to turn this into a Bitmap Object! :
Bitmap decodedBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(decodedBytes, 0,
decodedBytes.length);
Or if you're using the great library Glide:
Glide.with(CaptchaFragment.this).load(decodedBytes).crossFade().fitCenter().into(mCatpchaImageView);
This should do the job! It wasted one day on this and came up to this solution!
Note:
If you are still getting bad-base64 error consider other Base64.decode flags like Base64.URL_SAFE and so on
Ansible playbook shell output
Expanding on what leucos said in his answer, you can also print information with Ansible's humble debug
module:
- hosts: all
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- shell: ps -eo pcpu,user,args | sort -r -k1 | head -n5
register: ps
# Print the shell task's stdout.
- debug: msg={{ ps.stdout }}
# Print all contents of the shell task's output.
- debug: var=ps
How to set default value to all keys of a dict object in python?
Is this what you want:
>>> d={'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}
>>> default_val=99
>>> for k in d:
... d[k]=default_val
...
>>> d
{'a': 99, 'b': 99, 'c': 99}
>>>
>>> d={'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}
>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> d=defaultdict(lambda:99,d)
>>> d
defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x03D21630>, {'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': 2})
>>> d[3]
99
Append a single character to a string or char array in java?
First of all you use here two strings: "" marks a string it may be ""
-empty "s"
- string of lenght 1 or "aaa"
string of lenght 3, while '' marks chars . In order to be able to do String str = "a" + "aaa" + 'a'
you must use method Character.toString(char c) as @Thomas Keene said so an example would be String str = "a" + "aaa" + Character.toString('a')
How to make a custom LinkedIn share button
Step 1 - Getting the URL Right
Many of the answers here were valid until recently. For now, the ONLY supported param is url
, and the new share link is as follows...
https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url={url}
Make sure url
is encoded, using something like fixedEncodeURIComponent()
.
Source: Official Microsoft.com Linkedin Share Plugin Documentation. All LinkedIn.com links for developer documentation appear to be blank pages now -- perhaps related to the acquisition of LinkedIn by Microsoft.
Step 2 - Setting Custom Parameters (Title, Image, Summary, etc.)
Once upon a time, you could use these params: title
, summary
, source
. But if you look closely at all of the documentation, there is actually still a way to still set summary, title, etc.! Put these in the <head>
block of the page you want to share...
<meta property='og:title' content='Title of the article"/>
<meta property='og:image' content='//media.example.com/ 1234567.jpg"/>
<meta property='og:description' content='Description that will show in the preview"/>
<meta property='og:url' content='//www.example.com/URL of the article" />
Then LinkedIn will use these! Source: LinkedIn Developer Docs: Making Your Website Shareable on LinkedIn.
Step 3 - Verifying LinkedIn Share Results
Not sure you did everything right? Take the URL of the page you are sharing (i.e., example.com, not linkedin.com/share?url=example.com), and input that URL into the following: LinkedIn Post Inspector. This will tell you everything about how your URL is being shared!
This also pulls/invalidates the current cache of your page, and then refreshes it (in case you have a stuck, cached version of your page in LinkedIn's database). Because it pulls the cache, then refreshes it, sometimes it's best to use the LinkedIn Post Inspector twice, and use the second result as the expected output.
Still not sure? Here's an online demo I built with 20+ social share services. Inspect the source code and find out for yourself how exactly the LinkedIn sharing is working.
Want More Social Sharing Services?
I have been maintaining a Github Repo that's been tracking social-share URL formats since 2012, check it out: Github: Social Share URLs.
Why not join in on all the social share url's?
![Social Share URLs](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8rEut.jpg)
What is the garbage collector in Java?
Automatic garbage collection is a process where the JVM gets rid of or keeps certain data points in memory to ultimately free up space for the running program. Memory is first sent to heap memory, that is where the garbage collector (GC) does its work, then is decided to be terminated or kept. Java assumes that the programmer cannot always be trusted, so it terminates items it thinks it doesn't need.
Simple InputBox function
Probably the simplest way is to use the InputBox
method of the Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction
class:
[void][Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.VisualBasic')
$title = 'Demographics'
$msg = 'Enter your demographics:'
$text = [Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction]::InputBox($msg, $title)
How to get JSON data from the URL (REST API) to UI using jQuery or plain JavaScript?
Send a ajax request to your server like this in your js and get your result in success function.
jQuery.ajax({
url: "/rest/abc",
type: "GET",
contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
success: function(resultData) {
//here is your json.
// process it
},
error : function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {
},
timeout: 120000,
});
at server side send response as json type.
And you can use jQuery.getJSON for your application.
Is there a way to iterate over a dictionary?
The block approach avoids running the lookup algorithm for every key:
[dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id value, BOOL* stop) {
NSLog(@"%@ => %@", key, value);
}];
Even though NSDictionary
is implemented as a hashtable (which means that the cost of looking up an element is O(1)
), lookups still slow down your iteration by a constant factor.
My measurements show that for a dictionary d
of numbers ...
NSMutableDictionary* dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
for (int i = 0; i < 5000000; ++i) {
NSNumber* value = @(i);
dict[value.stringValue] = value;
}
... summing up the numbers with the block approach ...
__block int sum = 0;
[dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSString* key, NSNumber* value, BOOL* stop) {
sum += value.intValue;
}];
... rather than the loop approach ...
int sum = 0;
for (NSString* key in dict)
sum += [dict[key] intValue];
... is about 40% faster.
EDIT: The new SDK (6.1+) appears to optimise loop iteration, so the loop approach is now about 20% faster than the block approach, at least for the simple case above.
How can I get stock quotes using Google Finance API?
Edit: the api call has been removed by google. so it is no longer functioning.
Agree with Pareshkumar's answer. Now there is a python wrapper googlefinance for the url call.
Install googlefinance
$pip install googlefinance
It is easy to get current stock price:
>>> from googlefinance import getQuotes
>>> import json
>>> print json.dumps(getQuotes('AAPL'), indent=2)
[
{
"Index": "NASDAQ",
"LastTradeWithCurrency": "129.09",
"LastTradeDateTime": "2015-03-02T16:04:29Z",
"LastTradePrice": "129.09",
"Yield": "1.46",
"LastTradeTime": "4:04PM EST",
"LastTradeDateTimeLong": "Mar 2, 4:04PM EST",
"Dividend": "0.47",
"StockSymbol": "AAPL",
"ID": "22144"
}
]
Google finance is a source that provides real-time stock data. There are also other APIs from yahoo, such as yahoo-finance, but they are delayed by 15min for NYSE and NASDAQ stocks.
How to send data with angularjs $http.delete() request?
My suggestion:
$http({
method: 'DELETE',
url: '/roles/' + roleid,
data: {
user: userId
},
headers: {
'Content-type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8'
}
})
.then(function(response) {
console.log(response.data);
}, function(rejection) {
console.log(rejection.data);
});
Clearing all cookies with JavaScript
One liner
In case you want to paste it in quickly...
document.cookie.split(";").forEach(function(c) { document.cookie = c.replace(/^ +/, "").replace(/=.*/, "=;expires=" + new Date().toUTCString() + ";path=/"); });
And the code for a bookmarklet :
javascript:(function(){document.cookie.split(";").forEach(function(c) { document.cookie = c.replace(/^ +/, "").replace(/=.*/, "=;expires=" + new Date().toUTCString() + ";path=/"); }); })();
log4j logging hierarchy order
Use the force, read the source (excerpt from the Priority
and Level
class compiled, TRACE level was introduced in version 1.2.12):
public final static int OFF_INT = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
public final static int FATAL_INT = 50000;
public final static int ERROR_INT = 40000;
public final static int WARN_INT = 30000;
public final static int INFO_INT = 20000;
public final static int DEBUG_INT = 10000;
public static final int TRACE_INT = 5000;
public final static int ALL_INT = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
or the log4j API for the Level
class, which makes it quite clear.
When the library decides whether to print a certain statement or not, it computes the effective level of the responsible Logger
object (based on configuration) and compares it with the LogEvent
's level (depends on which method was used in the code – trace/debug/.../fatal). If LogEvent
's level is greater or equal to the Logger
's level, the LogEvent
is sent to appender(s) – "printed". At the core, it all boils down to an integer comparison and this is where these constants come to action.
Updating PartialView mvc 4
Thanks all for your help!
Finally I used JQuery/AJAX as you suggested, passing the parameter using model.
So, in JS:
$('#divPoints').load('/Schedule/UpdatePoints', UpdatePointsAction);
var points= $('#newpoints').val();
$element.find('PointsDiv').html("You have" + points+ " points");
In Controller:
var model = _newPoints;
return PartialView(model);
In View
<div id="divPoints"></div>
@Html.Hidden("newpoints", Model)
What does -save-dev mean in npm install grunt --save-dev
--save-dev: Package will appear in your devDependencies.
According to the npm install docs.
If someone is planning on downloading and using your module in their program, then they probably don't want or need to download and build the external test or documentation framework that you use.
In other words, when you run npm install
, your project's devDependencies will be installed, but the devDependencies for any packages that your app depends on will not be installed; further, other apps having your app as a dependency need not install your devDependencies. Such modules should only be needed when developing the app (eg grunt, mocha etc).
According to the package.json docs
Edit: Attempt at visualising what npm install
does:
- yourproject
- dependency installed
- dependency installed
- dependency installed
devDependency NOT installed
devDependency NOT installed
- devDependency installed
- dependency installed
devDependency NOT installed
Spring MVC Missing URI template variable
This error may happen when mapping variables you defined in REST definition do not match with @PathVariable names.
Example:
Suppose you defined in the REST definition
@GetMapping(value = "/{appId}", produces = "application/json", consumes = "application/json")
Then during the definition of the function, it should be
public ResponseEntity<List> getData(@PathVariable String appId)
This error may occur when you use any other variable other than defined in the REST controller definition with @PathVariable.
Like, the below code will raise the error as ID is different than appId variable name:
public ResponseEntity<List> getData(@PathVariable String ID)
Difference between dangling pointer and memory leak
A pointer pointing to a memory location that has been deleted (or freed) is called dangling pointer.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int *ptr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
// After below free call, ptr becomes a
// dangling pointer
free(ptr);
}
for more information click HERE
Find files with size in Unix
find . -size +10000k -exec ls -sd {} +
If your version of find
won't accept the +
notation (which acts rather like xargs
does), then you might use (GNU find
and xargs
, so find
probably supports +
anyway):
find . -size +10000k -print0 | xargs -0 ls -sd
or you might replace the +
with \;
(and live with the relative inefficiency of this), or you might live with problems caused by spaces in names and use the portable:
find . -size +10000k -print | xargs ls -sd
The -d
on the ls
commands ensures that if a directory is ever found (unlikely, but...), then the directory information will be printed, not the files in the directory. And, if you're looking for files more than 1 MB (as a now-deleted comment suggested), you need to adjust the +10000k
to 1000k
or maybe +1024k
, or +2048
(for 512-byte blocks, the default unit for -size
). This will list the size and then the file name. You could avoid the need for -d
by adding -type f
to the find
command, of course.
Can't perform a React state update on an unmounted component
To remove - Can't perform a React state update on an unmounted component warning, use componentDidMount method under a condition and make false that condition on componentWillUnmount method. For example : -
class Home extends Component {
_isMounted = false;
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
news: [],
};
}
componentDidMount() {
this._isMounted = true;
ajaxVar
.get('https://domain')
.then(result => {
if (this._isMounted) {
this.setState({
news: result.data.hits,
});
}
});
}
componentWillUnmount() {
this._isMounted = false;
}
render() {
...
}
}
How to manually trigger click event in ReactJS?
_x000D_
_x000D_
imagePicker(){_x000D_
this.refs.fileUploader.click();_x000D_
this.setState({_x000D_
imagePicker: true_x000D_
})_x000D_
}
_x000D_
<div onClick={this.imagePicker.bind(this)} >_x000D_
<input type='file' style={{display: 'none'}} ref="fileUploader" onChange={this.imageOnChange} /> _x000D_
</div>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
This work for me
PHP __get and __set magic methods
I'd recommend to use an array for storing all values via __set()
.
class foo {
protected $values = array();
public function __get( $key )
{
return $this->values[ $key ];
}
public function __set( $key, $value )
{
$this->values[ $key ] = $value;
}
}
This way you make sure, that you can't access the variables in another way (note that $values
is protected), to avoid collisions.
What is the Record type in typescript?
- Can someone give a simple definition of what
Record
is?
A Record<K, T>
is an object type whose property keys are K
and whose property values are T
. That is, keyof Record<K, T>
is equivalent to K
, and Record<K, T>[K]
is (basically) equivalent to T
.
- Is
Record<K,T>
merely a way of saying "all properties on this object will have type T
"? Probably not all objects, since K
has some purpose...
As you note, K
has a purpose... to limit the property keys to particular values. If you want to accept all possible string-valued keys, you could do something like Record<string, T>
, but the idiomatic way of doing that is to use an index signature like { [k: string]: T }
.
- Does the
K
generic forbid additional keys on the object that are not K
, or does it allow them and just indicate that their properties are not transformed to T
?
It doesn't exactly "forbid" additional keys: after all, a value is generally allowed to have properties not explicitly mentioned in its type... but it wouldn't recognize that such properties exist:
declare const x: Record<"a", string>;
x.b; // error, Property 'b' does not exist on type 'Record<"a", string>'
and it would treat them as excess properties which are sometimes rejected:
declare function acceptR(x: Record<"a", string>): void;
acceptR({a: "hey", b: "you"}); // error, Object literal may only specify known properties
and sometimes accepted:
const y = {a: "hey", b: "you"};
acceptR(y); // okay
With the given example:
type ThreeStringProps = Record<'prop1' | 'prop2' | 'prop3', string>
Is it exactly the same as this?:
type ThreeStringProps = {prop1: string, prop2: string, prop3: string}
Yes!
Hope that helps. Good luck!
Example of AES using Crypto++
Official document of Crypto++ AES is a good start. And from my archive, a basic implementation of AES is as follows:
Please refer here with more explanation, I recommend you first understand the algorithm and then try to understand each line step by step.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include "modes.h"
#include "aes.h"
#include "filters.h"
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
//Key and IV setup
//AES encryption uses a secret key of a variable length (128-bit, 196-bit or 256-
//bit). This key is secretly exchanged between two parties before communication
//begins. DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH= 16 bytes
CryptoPP::byte key[ CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH ], iv[ CryptoPP::AES::BLOCKSIZE ];
memset( key, 0x00, CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH );
memset( iv, 0x00, CryptoPP::AES::BLOCKSIZE );
//
// String and Sink setup
//
std::string plaintext = "Now is the time for all good men to come to the aide...";
std::string ciphertext;
std::string decryptedtext;
//
// Dump Plain Text
//
std::cout << "Plain Text (" << plaintext.size() << " bytes)" << std::endl;
std::cout << plaintext;
std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
//
// Create Cipher Text
//
CryptoPP::AES::Encryption aesEncryption(key, CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH);
CryptoPP::CBC_Mode_ExternalCipher::Encryption cbcEncryption( aesEncryption, iv );
CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter stfEncryptor(cbcEncryption, new CryptoPP::StringSink( ciphertext ) );
stfEncryptor.Put( reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>( plaintext.c_str() ), plaintext.length() );
stfEncryptor.MessageEnd();
//
// Dump Cipher Text
//
std::cout << "Cipher Text (" << ciphertext.size() << " bytes)" << std::endl;
for( int i = 0; i < ciphertext.size(); i++ ) {
std::cout << "0x" << std::hex << (0xFF & static_cast<CryptoPP::byte>(ciphertext[i])) << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
//
// Decrypt
//
CryptoPP::AES::Decryption aesDecryption(key, CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH);
CryptoPP::CBC_Mode_ExternalCipher::Decryption cbcDecryption( aesDecryption, iv );
CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter stfDecryptor(cbcDecryption, new CryptoPP::StringSink( decryptedtext ) );
stfDecryptor.Put( reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>( ciphertext.c_str() ), ciphertext.size() );
stfDecryptor.MessageEnd();
//
// Dump Decrypted Text
//
std::cout << "Decrypted Text: " << std::endl;
std::cout << decryptedtext;
std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
return 0;
}
For installation details :
sudo apt-get install libcrypto++-dev libcrypto++-doc libcrypto++-utils
Display special characters when using print statement
Do you merely want to print the string that way, or do you want that to be the internal representation of the string? If the latter, create it as a raw string by prefixing it with r
: r"Hello\tWorld\nHello World"
.
>>> a = r"Hello\tWorld\nHello World"
>>> a # in the interpreter, this calls repr()
'Hello\\tWorld\\nHello World'
>>> print a
Hello\tWorld\nHello World
Also, \s
is not an escape character, except in regular expressions, and then it still has a much different meaning than what you're using it for.
jQuery: get parent tr for selected radio button
Try this.
You don't need to prefix attribute name by @
in jQuery selector. Use closest()
method to get the closest parent element matching the selector.
$("#MwDataList input[name=selectRadioGroup]:checked").closest('tr');
You can simplify your method like this
function getSelectedRowGuid() {
return GetRowGuid(
$("#MwDataList > input:radio[@name=selectRadioGroup]:checked :parent tr"));
}
closest()
- Gets the first element that matches the selector, beginning at the current element and progressing up through the DOM tree.
As a side note, the ids of the elements should be unique on the page so try to avoid having same ids for radio buttons which I can see in your markup. If you are not going to use the ids then just remove it from the markup.
PHP Adding 15 minutes to Time value
To expand on previous answers, a function to do this could work like this (changing the time and interval formats however you like them according to this for function.date, and this for DateInterval):
(I've also written an alternate form of the below function here.)
// Return adjusted time.
function addMinutesToTime( $time, $plusMinutes ) {
$time = DateTime::createFromFormat( 'g:i:s', $time );
$time->add( new DateInterval( 'PT' . ( (integer) $plusMinutes ) . 'M' ) );
$newTime = $time->format( 'g:i:s' );
return $newTime;
}
$adjustedTime = addMinutesToTime( '9:15:00', 15 );
echo '<h1>Adjusted Time: ' . $adjustedTime . '</h1>' . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;
Centering a canvas
Wrapping it with div should work. I tested it in Firefox, Chrome on Fedora 13 (demo).
#content {
width: 95%;
height: 95%;
margin: auto;
}
#myCanvas {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
border: 1px solid black;
}
And the canvas should be enclosed in tag
<div id="content">
<canvas id="myCanvas">Your browser doesn't support canvas tag</canvas>
</div>
Let me know if it works. Cheers.
Maven: add a dependency to a jar by relative path
This is working for me:
Let's say I have this dependency
<dependency>
<groupId>com.company.app</groupId>
<artifactId>my-library</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<scope>system</scope>
<systemPath>${project.basedir}/lib/my-library.jar</systemPath>
</dependency>
Then, add the class-path for your system dependency manually like this
<Class-Path>libs/my-library-1.0.jar</Class-Path>
Full config:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifestEntries>
<Build-Jdk>${jdk.version}</Build-Jdk>
<Implementation-Title>${project.name}</Implementation-Title>
<Implementation-Version>${project.version}</Implementation-Version>
<Specification-Title>${project.name} Library</Specification-Title>
<Specification-Version>${project.version}</Specification-Version>
<Class-Path>libs/my-library-1.0.jar</Class-Path>
</manifestEntries>
<manifest>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<mainClass>com.company.app.MainClass</mainClass>
<classpathPrefix>libs/</classpathPrefix>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>copy-dependencies</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/libs/</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
How to remove RVM (Ruby Version Manager) from my system
I am running Ubuntu 19.04 and followed all the instructions above and then some. Finally, what worked for me was to run
sudo apt autoremove rvm
and now when I try and reinstall RVM it's actually gone. RVM is invasive, to say the least.
Java: Converting String to and from ByteBuffer and associated problems
Unless things have changed, you're better off with
public static ByteBuffer str_to_bb(String msg, Charset charset){
return ByteBuffer.wrap(msg.getBytes(charset));
}
public static String bb_to_str(ByteBuffer buffer, Charset charset){
byte[] bytes;
if(buffer.hasArray()) {
bytes = buffer.array();
} else {
bytes = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
buffer.get(bytes);
}
return new String(bytes, charset);
}
Usually buffer.hasArray() will be either always true or always false depending on your use case. In practice, unless you really want it to work under any circumstances, it's safe to optimize away the branch you don't need.
How to get a complete list of object's methods and attributes?
Only to supplement:
dir()
is the most powerful/fundamental tool. (Most recommended)
Solutions other than dir()
merely provide their way of dealing the output of dir()
.
Listing 2nd level attributes or not, it is important to do the sifting by yourself, because sometimes you may want to sift out internal vars with leading underscores __
, but sometimes you may well need the __doc__
doc-string.
__dir__()
and dir()
returns identical content.
__dict__
and dir()
are different. __dict__
returns incomplete content.
IMPORTANT: __dir__()
can be sometimes overwritten with a function, value or type, by the author for whatever purpose.
Here is an example:
\\...\\torchfun.py in traverse(self, mod, search_attributes)
445 if prefix in traversed_mod_names:
446 continue
447 names = dir(m)
448 for name in names:
449 obj = getattr(m,name)
TypeError: descriptor __dir__
of 'object'
object needs an argument
The author of PyTorch modified the __dir__()
method to something that requires an argument. This modification makes dir()
fail.
If you want a reliable scheme to traverse all attributes of an object, do remember that every pythonic standard can be overridden and may not hold, and every convention may be unreliable.
Generate preview image from Video file?
Solution #1 (Older) (not recommended)
Firstly install ffmpeg-php
project (http://ffmpeg-php.sourceforge.net/)
And then you can use of this simple code:
<?php
$frame = 10;
$movie = 'test.mp4';
$thumbnail = 'thumbnail.png';
$mov = new ffmpeg_movie($movie);
$frame = $mov->getFrame($frame);
if ($frame) {
$gd_image = $frame->toGDImage();
if ($gd_image) {
imagepng($gd_image, $thumbnail);
imagedestroy($gd_image);
echo '<img src="'.$thumbnail.'">';
}
}
?>
Description: This project use binary extension .so
file, It's very old and last update was for 2008. So, maybe don't works with newer version of FFMpeg
or PHP
.
Solution #2 (Update 2018) (recommended)
Firstly install PHP-FFMpeg
project (https://github.com/PHP-FFMpeg/PHP-FFMpeg)
(just run for install: composer require php-ffmpeg/php-ffmpeg
)
And then you can use of this simple code:
<?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
$sec = 10;
$movie = 'test.mp4';
$thumbnail = 'thumbnail.png';
$ffmpeg = FFMpeg\FFMpeg::create();
$video = $ffmpeg->open($movie);
$frame = $video->frame(FFMpeg\Coordinate\TimeCode::fromSeconds($sec));
$frame->save($thumbnail);
echo '<img src="'.$thumbnail.'">';
Description: It's newer and more modern project and works with latest version of FFMpeg
and PHP
. Note that it's required to proc_open()
PHP function.
How do I change TextView Value inside Java Code?
First, add a textView in the XML file
<TextView
android:id="@+id/rate_id"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/what_U_want_to_display_in_first_time"
/>
then add a button in xml file with id btn_change_textView and write this two line of code in onCreate()
method of activity
Button btn= (Button) findViewById(R.id. btn_change_textView);
TextView textView=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.rate_id);
then use clickListener()
on button object like this
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener {
public void onClick(View v) {
textView.setText("write here what u want to display after button click in string");
}
});
Change application's starting activity
Go to AndroidManifest.xml in the root folder of your project and change the Activity name which you want to execute first.
Example:
<activity android:name=".put your started activity name here"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
Why can't I use switch statement on a String?
When you use intellij also look at:
File -> Project Structure -> Project
File -> Project Structure -> Modules
When you have multiple modules make sure you set the correct language level in the module tab.
H.264 file size for 1 hr of HD video
I'm a friend of keeping the original files, so that you can still use the archived original ones and do new encodes from these fresh ones when the old transcodes are out of date.
eg. migrating them from previously transocded mpeg2-hd to mpeg4-hd (and perhaps from mpeg4-hd to its successor in sometime). but all of these should be done from the original.
any compression step will followed by a loss of quality.
it will need some time to redo this again, but in my opinion it's worth the effort.
so, if you want to keep the originals, you can use the running time in seconds of you tapes times the maximum datarate of hdv (constants 27mbit/s I think) to get your needed storage capacity
Import multiple csv files into pandas and concatenate into one DataFrame
You can do it this way also:
import pandas as pd
import os
new_df = pd.DataFrame()
for r, d, f in os.walk(csv_folder_path):
for file in f:
complete_file_path = csv_folder_path+file
read_file = pd.read_csv(complete_file_path)
new_df = new_df.append(read_file, ignore_index=True)
new_df.shape
Install shows error in console: INSTALL FAILED CONFLICTING PROVIDER
I´ve got this error, when implementing an library with following AndroidmManifest.xml
<provider
android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="library.path.provider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/provider_paths"/>
</provider>
I solved this when i put following Code in Project AndroidManifest.xml (app/src/main):
<provider
android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="${applicationId}.provider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true"
tools:replace="android:authorities">
</provider>
How to get folder path for ClickOnce application
I'm using Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location
to get the path to a ClickOnce
deployed application in .Net 4.5.1.
However, you shouldn't write to any folder where your application is deployed to ever, regardless of deployment method (xcopy, ClickOnce, InstallShield, anything) because those are usually read only for applications, especially in newer Windows versions and server environments.
An app must always write to the folders reserved for such purposes. You can get the folders you need starting from Environment.SpecialFolder Enumeration. The MSDN page explains what each folder is for:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.environment.specialfolder.aspx
I.e. for data, logs and other files one can use ApplicationData
(roaming), LocalApplicationData
(local) or CommonApplicationData
.
For temporary files use Path.GetTempPath
or Path.GetTempFileName
.
The above work on servers and desktops too.
EDIT:
Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()
is called in main executable.
Insert entire DataTable into database at once instead of row by row?
Since you have a DataTable already, and since I am assuming you are using SQL Server 2008 or better, this is probably the most straightforward way. First, in your database, create the following two objects:
CREATE TYPE dbo.MyDataTable -- you can be more speciifc here
AS TABLE
(
col1 INT,
col2 DATETIME
-- etc etc. The columns you have in your data table.
);
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.InsertMyDataTable
@dt AS dbo.MyDataTable READONLY
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
INSERT dbo.RealTable(column list) SELECT column list FROM @dt;
END
GO
Now in your C# code:
DataTable tvp = new DataTable();
// define / populate DataTable
using (connectionObject)
{
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("dbo.InsertMyDataTable", connectionObject);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
SqlParameter tvparam = cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@dt", tvp);
tvparam.SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Structured;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
If you had given more specific details in your question, I would have given a more specific answer.
Interface naming in Java
There may be several reasons Java does not generally use the IUser convention.
Part of the Object-Oriented approach is that you should not have to know whether the client is using an interface or an implementation class. So, even List is an interface and String is an actual class, a method might be passed both of them - it doesn't make sense to visually distinguish the interfaces.
In general, we will actually prefer the use of interfaces in client code (prefer List to ArrayList, for instance). So it doesn't make sense to make the interfaces stand out as exceptions.
The Java naming convention prefers longer names with actual meanings to Hungarian-style prefixes. So that code will be as readable as possible: a List represents a list, and a User represents a user - not an IUser.
How to create a trie in Python
If you want a TRIE implemented as a Python class, here is something I wrote after reading about them:
class Trie:
def __init__(self):
self.__final = False
self.__nodes = {}
def __repr__(self):
return 'Trie<len={}, final={}>'.format(len(self), self.__final)
def __getstate__(self):
return self.__final, self.__nodes
def __setstate__(self, state):
self.__final, self.__nodes = state
def __len__(self):
return len(self.__nodes)
def __bool__(self):
return self.__final
def __contains__(self, array):
try:
return self[array]
except KeyError:
return False
def __iter__(self):
yield self
for node in self.__nodes.values():
yield from node
def __getitem__(self, array):
return self.__get(array, False)
def create(self, array):
self.__get(array, True).__final = True
def read(self):
yield from self.__read([])
def update(self, array):
self[array].__final = True
def delete(self, array):
self[array].__final = False
def prune(self):
for key, value in tuple(self.__nodes.items()):
if not value.prune():
del self.__nodes[key]
if not len(self):
self.delete([])
return self
def __get(self, array, create):
if array:
head, *tail = array
if create and head not in self.__nodes:
self.__nodes[head] = Trie()
return self.__nodes[head].__get(tail, create)
return self
def __read(self, name):
if self.__final:
yield name
for key, value in self.__nodes.items():
yield from value.__read(name + [key])
How to add style from code behind?
Try this:
Html Markup
<asp:HyperLink ID="HyperLink1" runat="server" NavigateUrl="#">HyperLink</asp:HyperLink>
Code
using System.Drawing;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Style style = new Style();
style.ForeColor = Color.Green;
this.Page.Header.StyleSheet.CreateStyleRule(style, this, "#" + HyperLink1.ClientID + ":hover");
}
Rails: FATAL - Peer authentication failed for user (PG::Error)
If you installed postresql on your server then just host: localhost to database.yml, I usually throw it in around where it says pool: 5. Otherwise if it's not localhost definitely tell that app where to find its database.
development:
adapter: postgresql
encoding: unicode
database: kickrstack_development
host: localhost
pool: 5
username: kickrstack
password: secret
Make sure your user credentials are set correctly by creating a database and assigning ownership to your app's user to establish the connection. To create a new user in postgresql 9 run:
sudo -u postgres psql
set the postgresql user password if you haven't, it's just backslash password.
postgres=# \password
Create a new user and password and the user's new database:
postgres=# create user "guy_on_stackoverflow" with password 'keepitonthedl';
postgres=# create database "dcaclab_development" owner "guy_on_stackoverflow";
Now update your database.yml file after you've confirmed creating the database, user, password and set these privileges. Don't forget host: localhost.
Celery Received unregistered task of type (run example)
Celery won't import the task if the app was to lack some of its dependencies. For instance, an app.view imports numpy without it being installed. Best way to check for this is to try to run your django server, as you probably know:
python manage.py runserver
You have found the problem if this raises ImportErrors within the app that has houses the respective task. Just pip install everything, or try to remove the dependencies and try again. This isn't the cause of your issue otherwise.
Vertically aligning a checkbox
Vertical alignment only works on inline elements. If you float it, then I don't think it is treated as part of that stream of inline elements any more.
Make the label an inline-block, and use vertical alignment on both the label and the input to align their middles. Then, assuming it is okay to have a specific width on the labels and checkboxes, use relative positioning instead of floating to swap them (jsFiddle demo):
input {
width: 20px;
position: relative;
left: 200px;
vertical-align: middle;
}
label {
width: 200px;
position: relative;
left: -20px;
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
}
undefined offset PHP error
Undefined offset means there's an empty array key for example:
$a = array('Felix','Jon','Java');
// This will result in an "Undefined offset" because the size of the array
// is three (3), thus, 0,1,2 without 3
echo $a[3];
You can solve the problem using a loop (while):
$i = 0;
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
// Increase count by 1, thus, $i=1
$i++;
$groupname[$i] = base64_decode(base64_decode($row['groupname']));
// Set the first position of the array to null or empty
$groupname[0] = "";
}
How do I determine the size of an object in Python?
How do I determine the size of an object in Python?
The answer, "Just use sys.getsizeof
", is not a complete answer.
That answer does work for builtin objects directly, but it does not account for what those objects may contain, specifically, what types, such as custom objects, tuples, lists, dicts, and sets contain. They can contain instances each other, as well as numbers, strings and other objects.
A More Complete Answer
Using 64-bit Python 3.6 from the Anaconda distribution, with sys.getsizeof
, I have determined the minimum size of the following objects, and note that sets and dicts preallocate space so empty ones don't grow again until after a set amount (which may vary by implementation of the language):
Python 3:
Empty
Bytes type scaling notes
28 int +4 bytes about every 30 powers of 2
37 bytes +1 byte per additional byte
49 str +1-4 per additional character (depending on max width)
48 tuple +8 per additional item
64 list +8 for each additional
224 set 5th increases to 736; 21nd, 2272; 85th, 8416; 341, 32992
240 dict 6th increases to 368; 22nd, 1184; 43rd, 2280; 86th, 4704; 171st, 9320
136 func def does not include default args and other attrs
1056 class def no slots
56 class inst has a __dict__ attr, same scaling as dict above
888 class def with slots
16 __slots__ seems to store in mutable tuple-like structure
first slot grows to 48, and so on.
How do you interpret this? Well say you have a set with 10 items in it. If each item is 100 bytes each, how big is the whole data structure? The set is 736 itself because it has sized up one time to 736 bytes. Then you add the size of the items, so that's 1736 bytes in total
Some caveats for function and class definitions:
Note each class definition has a proxy __dict__
(48 bytes) structure for class attrs. Each slot has a descriptor (like a property
) in the class definition.
Slotted instances start out with 48 bytes on their first element, and increase by 8 each additional. Only empty slotted objects have 16 bytes, and an instance with no data makes very little sense.
Also, each function definition has code objects, maybe docstrings, and other possible attributes, even a __dict__
.
Also note that we use sys.getsizeof()
because we care about the marginal space usage, which includes the garbage collection overhead for the object, from the docs:
getsizeof()
calls the object’s __sizeof__
method and adds an
additional garbage collector overhead if the object is managed by the
garbage collector.
Also note that resizing lists (e.g. repetitively appending to them) causes them to preallocate space, similarly to sets and dicts. From the listobj.c source code:
/* This over-allocates proportional to the list size, making room
* for additional growth. The over-allocation is mild, but is
* enough to give linear-time amortized behavior over a long
* sequence of appends() in the presence of a poorly-performing
* system realloc().
* The growth pattern is: 0, 4, 8, 16, 25, 35, 46, 58, 72, 88, ...
* Note: new_allocated won't overflow because the largest possible value
* is PY_SSIZE_T_MAX * (9 / 8) + 6 which always fits in a size_t.
*/
new_allocated = (size_t)newsize + (newsize >> 3) + (newsize < 9 ? 3 : 6);
Historical data
Python 2.7 analysis, confirmed with guppy.hpy
and sys.getsizeof
:
Bytes type empty + scaling notes
24 int NA
28 long NA
37 str + 1 byte per additional character
52 unicode + 4 bytes per additional character
56 tuple + 8 bytes per additional item
72 list + 32 for first, 8 for each additional
232 set sixth item increases to 744; 22nd, 2280; 86th, 8424
280 dict sixth item increases to 1048; 22nd, 3352; 86th, 12568 *
120 func def does not include default args and other attrs
64 class inst has a __dict__ attr, same scaling as dict above
16 __slots__ class with slots has no dict, seems to store in
mutable tuple-like structure.
904 class def has a proxy __dict__ structure for class attrs
104 old class makes sense, less stuff, has real dict though.
Note that dictionaries (but not sets) got a more
compact representation in Python 3.6
I think 8 bytes per additional item to reference makes a lot of sense on a 64 bit machine. Those 8 bytes point to the place in memory the contained item is at. The 4 bytes are fixed width for unicode in Python 2, if I recall correctly, but in Python 3, str becomes a unicode of width equal to the max width of the characters.
And for more on slots, see this answer.
A More Complete Function
We want a function that searches the elements in lists, tuples, sets, dicts, obj.__dict__
's, and obj.__slots__
, as well as other things we may not have yet thought of.
We want to rely on gc.get_referents
to do this search because it works at the C level (making it very fast). The downside is that get_referents can return redundant members, so we need to ensure we don't double count.
Classes, modules, and functions are singletons - they exist one time in memory. We're not so interested in their size, as there's not much we can do about them - they're a part of the program. So we'll avoid counting them if they happen to be referenced.
We're going to use a blacklist of types so we don't include the entire program in our size count.
import sys
from types import ModuleType, FunctionType
from gc import get_referents
# Custom objects know their class.
# Function objects seem to know way too much, including modules.
# Exclude modules as well.
BLACKLIST = type, ModuleType, FunctionType
def getsize(obj):
"""sum size of object & members."""
if isinstance(obj, BLACKLIST):
raise TypeError('getsize() does not take argument of type: '+ str(type(obj)))
seen_ids = set()
size = 0
objects = [obj]
while objects:
need_referents = []
for obj in objects:
if not isinstance(obj, BLACKLIST) and id(obj) not in seen_ids:
seen_ids.add(id(obj))
size += sys.getsizeof(obj)
need_referents.append(obj)
objects = get_referents(*need_referents)
return size
To contrast this with the following whitelisted function, most objects know how to traverse themselves for the purposes of garbage collection (which is approximately what we're looking for when we want to know how expensive in memory certain objects are. This functionality is used by gc.get_referents
.) However, this measure is going to be much more expansive in scope than we intended if we are not careful.
For example, functions know quite a lot about the modules they are created in.
Another point of contrast is that strings that are keys in dictionaries are usually interned so they are not duplicated. Checking for id(key)
will also allow us to avoid counting duplicates, which we do in the next section. The blacklist solution skips counting keys that are strings altogether.
Whitelisted Types, Recursive visitor (old implementation)
To cover most of these types myself, instead of relying on the gc
module, I wrote this recursive function to try to estimate the size of most Python objects, including most builtins, types in the collections module, and custom types (slotted and otherwise).
This sort of function gives much more fine-grained control over the types we're going to count for memory usage, but has the danger of leaving types out:
import sys
from numbers import Number
from collections import Set, Mapping, deque
try: # Python 2
zero_depth_bases = (basestring, Number, xrange, bytearray)
iteritems = 'iteritems'
except NameError: # Python 3
zero_depth_bases = (str, bytes, Number, range, bytearray)
iteritems = 'items'
def getsize(obj_0):
"""Recursively iterate to sum size of object & members."""
_seen_ids = set()
def inner(obj):
obj_id = id(obj)
if obj_id in _seen_ids:
return 0
_seen_ids.add(obj_id)
size = sys.getsizeof(obj)
if isinstance(obj, zero_depth_bases):
pass # bypass remaining control flow and return
elif isinstance(obj, (tuple, list, Set, deque)):
size += sum(inner(i) for i in obj)
elif isinstance(obj, Mapping) or hasattr(obj, iteritems):
size += sum(inner(k) + inner(v) for k, v in getattr(obj, iteritems)())
# Check for custom object instances - may subclass above too
if hasattr(obj, '__dict__'):
size += inner(vars(obj))
if hasattr(obj, '__slots__'): # can have __slots__ with __dict__
size += sum(inner(getattr(obj, s)) for s in obj.__slots__ if hasattr(obj, s))
return size
return inner(obj_0)
And I tested it rather casually (I should unittest it):
>>> getsize(['a', tuple('bcd'), Foo()])
344
>>> getsize(Foo())
16
>>> getsize(tuple('bcd'))
194
>>> getsize(['a', tuple('bcd'), Foo(), {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': 'bar'}])
752
>>> getsize({'foo': 'bar', 'baz': 'bar'})
400
>>> getsize({})
280
>>> getsize({'foo':'bar'})
360
>>> getsize('foo')
40
>>> class Bar():
... def baz():
... pass
>>> getsize(Bar())
352
>>> getsize(Bar().__dict__)
280
>>> sys.getsizeof(Bar())
72
>>> getsize(Bar.__dict__)
872
>>> sys.getsizeof(Bar.__dict__)
280
This implementation breaks down on class definitions and function definitions because we don't go after all of their attributes, but since they should only exist once in memory for the process, their size really doesn't matter too much.
How to resolve Error listenerStart when deploying web-app in Tomcat 5.5?
/var/lib/tomcat5.5/webapps/spaghetti/WEB-INF/lib/jsp-api-6.0.16.jar
/var/lib/tomcat5.5/webapps/spaghetti/WEB-INF/lib/servlet-api-6.0.16.jar
You should not have any server-specific libraries in the /WEB-INF/lib
. Leave them in the appserver's own library. It would only lead to collisions in the classpath. Get rid of all appserver-specific libraries in /WEB-INF/lib
(and also in JRE/lib
and JRE/lib/ext
if you have placed any of them there).
A common cause that the appserver-specific libraries are included in the webapp's library is that starters think that it is the right way to fix compilation errors of among others the javax.servlet
classes not being resolveable. Putting them in webapp's library is the wrong solution. You should reference them in the classpath during compilation, i.e. javac -cp /path/to/server/lib/servlet.jar
and so on, or if you're using an IDE, you should integrate the server in the IDE and associate the web project with the server. The IDE will then automatically take server-specific libraries in the classpath (buildpath) of the webapp project.
Excel 2013 horizontal secondary axis
You should follow the guidelines on Add a secondary horizontal axis:
Add a secondary horizontal axis
To complete this procedure, you must have a chart that displays a secondary vertical axis. To add a secondary vertical axis, see Add a secondary vertical axis.
Click a chart that displays a secondary vertical axis.
This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs.
On the Layout tab, in the Axes group, click Axes.
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fysIc.png)
Click Secondary Horizontal Axis, and then click the display option that you want.
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/B8fRh.png)
Add a secondary vertical axis
You can plot data on a secondary vertical axis one data series at a time. To plot more than one data series on the secondary vertical axis, repeat this procedure for each data series that you want to display on the secondary vertical axis.
In a chart, click the data series that you want to plot on a secondary vertical axis, or do the following to select the data series from a list of chart elements:
Click the chart.
This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs.
On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow in the Chart Elements box, and then click the data series that you want to plot along a secondary vertical axis.
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/t2kZU.png)
On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click Format Selection.
The Format Data Series dialog box is displayed.
Note: If a different dialog box is displayed, repeat step 1 and make sure that you select a data series in the chart.
On the Series Options tab, under Plot Series On, click Secondary Axis and then click Close.
A secondary vertical axis is displayed in the chart.
To change the display of the secondary vertical axis, do the following:
On the Layout tab, in the Axes group, click Axes.
Click Secondary Vertical Axis, and then click the display option that you want.
To change the axis options of the secondary vertical axis, do the following:
Right-click the secondary vertical axis, and then click Format Axis.
Under Axis Options, select the options that you want to use.
css absolute position won't work with margin-left:auto margin-right: auto
If the element is position absolutely, then it isn't relative, or in reference to any object - including the page itself. So margin: auto;
can't decide where the middle is.
Its waiting to be told explicitly, using left
and top
where to position itself.
You can still center it programatically, using javascript or somesuch.
How to input a path with a white space?
I see Federico you've found solution by yourself.
The problem was in two places. Assignations need proper quoting, in your case
SOME_PATH="/$COMPANY/someProject/some path"
is one of possible solutions.
But in shell those quotes are not stored in a memory,
so when you want to use this variable, you need to quote it again, for example:
NEW_VAR="$SOME_PATH"
because if not, space will be expanded to command level, like this:
NEW_VAR=/YourCompany/someProject/some path
which is not what you want.
For more info you can check out my article about it http://www.cofoh.com/white-shell
Eloquent: find() and where() usage laravel
Not Found Exceptions
Sometimes you may wish to throw an exception if a model is not found. This is particularly useful in routes or controllers. The findOrFail
and firstOrFail
methods will retrieve the first result of the query. However, if no result is found, a Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException
will be thrown:
$model = App\Flight::findOrFail(1);
$model = App\Flight::where('legs', '>', 100)->firstOrFail();
If the exception is not caught, a 404 HTTP response is automatically sent back to the user. It is not necessary to write explicit checks to return 404 responses when using these methods:
Route::get('/api/flights/{id}', function ($id) {
return App\Flight::findOrFail($id);
});
C# getting its own class name
Although micahtan's answer is good, it won't work in a static method. If you want to retrieve the name of the current type, this one should work everywhere:
string className = MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType.Name;
Close Current Tab
Use this:
window.open('', '_self');
This only works in chrome; it is a bug.
It will be fixed in the future, so use this hacky solution with this in mind.
Throwing exceptions from constructors
Yes, throwing an exception from the failed constructor is the standard way of doing this. Read this FAQ about Handling a constructor that fails for more information. Having a init() method will also work, but everybody who creates the object of mutex has to remember that init() has to be called. I feel it goes against the RAII principle.
Change Spinner dropdown icon
Try applying following style to your spinner using
style="@style/SpinnerTheme"
//Spinner Style:
<style name="SpinnerTheme" parent="android:Widget.Spinner">
<item name="android:background">@drawable/bg_spinner</item>
</style>
//bg_spinner.xml
Replace the arrow_down_gray with your arrow
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item>
<layer-list>
<item>
<shape>
<gradient android:angle="90" android:endColor="#ffffff" android:startColor="#ffffff" android:type="linear" />
<stroke android:width="0.33dp" android:color="#0fb1fa" />
<corners android:radius="0dp" />
<padding android:bottom="3dp" android:left="3dp" android:right="3dp" android:top="3dp" />
</shape>
</item>
<item android:right="5dp">
<bitmap android:gravity="center_vertical|right" android:src="@drawable/arrow_down_gray" />
</item>
</layer-list>
</item>
</selector>
How to prevent default event handling in an onclick method?
Let your callback return false
and pass that on to the onclick
handler:
<a href="#" onclick="return callmymethod(24)">Call</a>
function callmymethod(myVal){
//doing custom things with myVal
//here I want to prevent default
return false;
}
To create maintainable code, however, you should abstain from using "inline Javascript" (i.e.: code that's directly within an element's tag) and modify an element's behavior via an included Javascript source file (it's called unobtrusive Javascript).
The mark-up:
<a href="#" id="myAnchor">Call</a>
The code (separate file):
// Code example using Prototype JS API
$('myAnchor').observe('click', function(event) {
Event.stop(event); // suppress default click behavior, cancel the event
/* your onclick code goes here */
});
Does MS SQL Server's "between" include the range boundaries?
BETWEEN (Transact-SQL)
Specifies a(n) (inclusive) range to test.
test_expression [ NOT ] BETWEEN begin_expression AND end_expression
Arguments
test_expression
Is the expression to test for in the range defined by begin_expression
and end_expression. test_expression
must be the same data type as both
begin_expression and end_expression.
NOT
Specifies that the result of the predicate be negated.
begin_expression
Is any valid expression. begin_expression must be the same data
type as both test_expression and
end_expression.
end_expression
Is any valid expression. end_expression must be the same data
type as both test_expression and
begin_expression.
AND
Acts as a placeholder that indicates test_expression should be
within the range indicated by
begin_expression and end_expression.
Remarks
To specify an exclusive range, use the
greater than (>) and less than
operators (<). If any input to the
BETWEEN or NOT BETWEEN predicate is
NULL, the result is UNKNOWN.
Result Value
BETWEEN returns TRUE if the value of
test_expression is greater than or
equal to the value of begin_expression
and less than or equal to the value of
end_expression.
NOT BETWEEN returns TRUE if the value
of test_expression is less than the
value of begin_expression or greater
than the value of end_expression.
Shadow Effect for a Text in Android?
put these in values/colors.xml
<resources>
<color name="light_font">#FBFBFB</color>
<color name="grey_font">#ff9e9e9e</color>
<color name="text_shadow">#7F000000</color>
<color name="text_shadow_white">#FFFFFF</color>
</resources>
Then in your layout xml here are some example TextView's
Example of Floating text on Light with Dark shadow
<TextView android:id="@+id/txt_example1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="14sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:textColor="@color/light_font"
android:shadowColor="@color/text_shadow"
android:shadowDx="1"
android:shadowDy="1"
android:shadowRadius="2" />
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VrRD5.png)
Example of Etched text on Light with Dark shadow
<TextView android:id="@+id/txt_example2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="14sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:textColor="@color/light_font"
android:shadowColor="@color/text_shadow"
android:shadowDx="-1"
android:shadowDy="-1"
android:shadowRadius="1" />
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PZzzD.png)
Example of Crisp text on Light with Dark shadow
<TextView android:id="@+id/txt_example3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="14sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:textColor="@color/grey_font"
android:shadowColor="@color/text_shadow_white"
android:shadowDx="-2"
android:shadowDy="-2"
android:shadowRadius="1" />
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/g0gkN.png)
Notice the positive and negative values... I suggest to play around with the colors/values yourself but ultimately you can adjust these settings to get the effect your looking for.