Programs & Examples On #Magit

Magit is an Emacs mode for interacting with Git.

Split string into individual words Java

Use split()

String words[] = stringInstance.split(" ");

Read Excel File in Python

The approach I took reads the header information from the first row to determine the indexes of the columns of interest.

You mentioned in the question that you also want the values output to a string. I dynamically build a format string for the output from the FORMAT column list. Rows are appended to the values string separated by a new line char.

The output column order is determined by the order of the column names in the FORMAT list.

In my code below the case of the column name in the FORMAT list is important. In the question above you've got 'Pincode' in your FORMAT list, but 'PinCode' in your excel. This wouldn't work below, it would need to be 'PinCode'.

from xlrd import open_workbook
wb = open_workbook('sample.xls')

FORMAT = ['Arm_id', 'DSPName', 'PinCode']
values = ""

for s in wb.sheets():
    headerRow = s.row(0)
    columnIndex = [x for y in FORMAT for x in range(len(headerRow)) if y == firstRow[x].value]
    formatString = ("%s,"*len(columnIndex))[0:-1] + "\n"

    for row in range(1,s.nrows):
        currentRow = s.row(row)
        currentRowValues = [currentRow[x].value for x in columnIndex]
        values += formatString % tuple(currentRowValues)

print values

For the sample input you gave above this code outputs:

>>> 1.0,JaVAS,282001.0
2.0,JaVAS,282002.0
3.0,JaVAS,282003.0

And because I'm a python noob, props be to: this answer, this answer, this question, this question and this answer.

A variable modified inside a while loop is not remembered

echo -e $lines | while read line 
    ...
done

The while loop is executed in a subshell. So any changes you do to the variable will not be available once the subshell exits.

Instead you can use a here string to re-write the while loop to be in the main shell process; only echo -e $lines will run in a subshell:

while read line
do
    if [[ "$line" == "second line" ]]
    then
        foo=2
        echo "Variable \$foo updated to $foo inside if inside while loop"
    fi
    echo "Value of \$foo in while loop body: $foo"
done <<< "$(echo -e "$lines")"

You can get rid of the rather ugly echo in the here-string above by expanding the backslash sequences immediately when assigning lines. The $'...' form of quoting can be used there:

lines=$'first line\nsecond line\nthird line'
while read line; do
    ...
done <<< "$lines"

C#: Waiting for all threads to complete

Off the top of my head, why don't you just Thread.Join(timeout) and remove the time it took to join from the total timeout?

// pseudo-c#:

TimeSpan timeout = timeoutPerThread * threads.Count();

foreach (Thread thread in threads)
{
    DateTime start = DateTime.Now;

    if (!thread.Join(timeout))
        throw new TimeoutException();

    timeout -= (DateTime.Now - start);
}

Edit: code is now less pseudo. don't understand why you would mod an answer -2 when the answer you modded +4 is exactly the same, only less detailed.

tr:hover not working

Also try thistr:hover td {color: aqua;} `

How to send email to multiple recipients using python smtplib?

I figured this out a few months back and blogged about it. The summary is:

If you want to use smtplib to send email to multiple recipients, use email.Message.add_header('To', eachRecipientAsString) to add them, and then when you invoke the sendmail method, use email.Message.get_all('To') send the message to all of them. Ditto for Cc and Bcc recipients.

How to enable PHP's openssl extension to install Composer?

I solved my problem a different way. The problem is that wamp's GUI was misleading: it claimed that I had php_openssl enabled.. and if I clicked on php.ini on the same GUI.. it actually showed that extension=php_openssl.dll was uncommented..

I'm not sure if i'm using the same installer version of composer of the OP, but it actually asks you at the beginning to specify the php.exe that you like to apply composer on (which basically ensures that no one tries to apply composer to the wrong php executable as what happened with the OP)..

The way I solved this was by going myself into the installation of php within the wamp package: C:\wamp\bin\php\php5.4.12 and looking php.in there.. when I opened it I was shocked that the line extension=php_openssl.dll was actually commented! I uncommented it and it worked just fine.

enter image description here

jquery toggle slide from left to right and back

There is no such method as slideLeft() and slideRight() which looks like slideUp() and slideDown(), but you can simulate these effects using jQuery’s animate() function.

HTML Code:

<div class="text">Lorem ipsum.</div>

JQuery Code:

  $(document).ready(function(){
    var DivWidth = $(".text").width();
    $(".left").click(function(){
      $(".text").animate({
        width: 0
      });
    });
    $(".right").click(function(){
      $(".text").animate({
        width: DivWidth
      });
    });
  });

You can see an example here: How to slide toggle a DIV from Left to Right?

Javascript - Append HTML to container element without innerHTML

This is what DocumentFragment was meant for.

var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();
var span = document.createElement("span");
span.innerHTML = htmldata;
for (var i = 0, ii = span.childNodes.length; i < ii; i++) {
    frag.appendChild(span.childNodes[i]);
}
element.appendChild(frag);

document.createDocumentFragment, .childNodes

Create unique constraint with null columns

I think there is a semantic problem here. In my view, a user can have a (but only one) favourite recipe to prepare a specific menu. (The OP has menu and recipe mixed up; if I am wrong: please interchange MenuId and RecipeId below) That implies that {user,menu} should be a unique key in this table. And it should point to exactly one recipe. If the user has no favourite recipe for this specific menu no row should exist for this {user,menu} key pair. Also: the surrogate key (FaVouRiteId) is superfluous: composite primary keys are perfectly valid for relational-mapping tables.

That would lead to the reduced table definition:

CREATE TABLE Favorites
( UserId uuid NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id)
, MenuId uuid NOT NULL REFERENCES menus(id)
, RecipeId uuid NOT NULL REFERENCES recipes(id)
, PRIMARY KEY (UserId, MenuId)
);

How to disable scrolling temporarily?

My take on this issue also includes a concern with the body width, as the page seems to dance a little when we hide the scroll bar with overflow = "hidden". The following code works perfectly for me, and is based on an Angular approach.

element.bind('mouseenter', function() {
    var w = document.body.offsetWidth;
    document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';
    document.body.style.width = w + 'px';
});

element.bind('mouseleave', function() {
    document.body.style.overflow = 'initial';
    document.body.style.width = 'auto';
});

finding the type of an element using jQuery

It is worth noting that @Marius's second answer could be used as pure Javascript solution.

document.getElementById('elementId').tagName

How to use border with Bootstrap

You can't just add a border to the span because it will break the layout because of the way width is calculate: width = border + padding + width. Since the container is 940px and the span is 940px, adding 2px border (so 4px altogether) will make it look off centered. The work around is to change the width to include the 4px border (original - 4px) or have another div inside that creates the 2px border.

What port number does SOAP use?

SOAP (communication protocol) for communication between applications. Uses HTTP (port 80) or SMTP ( port 25 or 2525 ), for message negotiation and transmission.

Way to go from recursion to iteration

Usually, I replace a recursive algorithm by an iterative algorithm by pushing the parameters that would normally be passed to the recursive function onto a stack. In fact, you are replacing the program stack by one of your own.

var stack = [];
stack.push(firstObject);

// while not empty
while (stack.length) {

    // Pop off end of stack.
    obj = stack.pop();

    // Do stuff.
    // Push other objects on the stack as needed.
    ...

}

Note: if you have more than one recursive call inside and you want to preserve the order of the calls, you have to add them in the reverse order to the stack:

foo(first);
foo(second);

has to be replaced by

stack.push(second);
stack.push(first);

Edit: The article Stacks and Recursion Elimination (or Article Backup link) goes into more details on this subject.

How can I rotate an HTML <div> 90 degrees?

Use transform: rotate(90deg):

_x000D_
_x000D_
#container_2 {_x000D_
    border: 1px solid;_x000D_
    padding: .5em;_x000D_
    width: 5em;_x000D_
    height: 5em;_x000D_
    transition: .3s all;  /* rotate gradually instead of instantly */_x000D_
}_x000D_
_x000D_
#container_2:hover {_x000D_
    -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg);  /* to support Safari and Android browser */_x000D_
    -ms-transform: rotate(90deg);      /* to support IE 9 */_x000D_
    transform: rotate(90deg);_x000D_
}
_x000D_
<div id="container_2">This box should be rotated 90&deg; on hover.</div>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

Click "Run code snippet", then hover over the box to see the effect of the transform.

Realistically, no other prefixed entries are needed. See Can I use CSS3 Transforms?

How to debug Javascript with IE 8

This won't help you step through code or break on errors, but it's a useful way to get the same debug console for your project on all browsers.

myLog = function() {
    if (!myLog._div) { myLog.createDiv(); }

    var logEntry = document.createElement('span');
    for (var i=0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
        logEntry.innerHTML += myLog.toJson(arguments[i]) + '<br />';
    }
    logEntry.innerHTML += '<br />';

    myLog._div.appendChild(logEntry);
}
myLog.createDiv = function() {
    myLog._div = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement('div'));
    var props = {
        position:'absolute', top:'10px', right:'10px', background:'#333', border:'5px solid #333', 
        color: 'white', width: '400px', height: '300px', overflow: 'auto', fontFamily: 'courier new',
        fontSize: '11px', whiteSpace: 'nowrap'
    }
    for (var key in props) { myLog._div.style[key] = props[key]; }
}
myLog.toJSON = function(obj) {
    if (typeof window.uneval == 'function') { return uneval(obj); }
    if (typeof obj == 'object') {
        if (!obj) { return 'null'; }
        var list = [];
        if (obj instanceof Array) {
            for (var i=0;i < obj.length;i++) { list.push(this.toJson(obj[i])); }
            return '[' + list.join(',') + ']';
        } else {
            for (var prop in obj) { list.push('"' + prop + '":' + this.toJson(obj[prop])); }
            return '{' + list.join(',') + '}';
        }
    } else if (typeof obj == 'string') {
        return '"' + obj.replace(/(["'])/g, '\\$1') + '"';
    } else {
        return new String(obj);
    }
}

myLog('log statement');
myLog('logging an object', { name: 'Marcus', likes: 'js' });

This is put together pretty hastily and is a bit sloppy, but it's useful nonetheless and can be improved easily!

How do I rename the extension for a bunch of files?

After someone else's website crawl, I ended up with thousands of files missing the .html extension, across a wide tree of subdirectories.

To rename them all in one shot, except the files already having a .html extension (most of them had none at all), this worked for me:

cd wwwroot
find . -xtype f \! -iname *.html   -exec mv -iv "{}"  "{}.html"  \;  # batch rename files to append .html suffix IF MISSING

In the OP's case I might modify that slightly, to only rename *.txt files, like so:

find . -xtype f  -iname *.txt   -exec filename="{}"  mv -iv ${filename%.*}.{txt,html}  \; 

Broken down (hammertime!):

-iname *.txt
- Means consider ONLY files already ending in .txt

mv -iv "{}.{txt,html}" - When find passes a {} as the filename, ${filename%.*} extracts its basename without any extension to form the parameters to mv. bash takes the {txt,html} to rewrite it as two parameters so the final command runs as: mv -iv "filename.txt" "filename.html"

Fix needed though: dealing with spaces in filenames

Useful example of a shutdown hook in Java?

You could do the following:

  • Let the shutdown hook set some AtomicBoolean (or volatile boolean) "keepRunning" to false
  • (Optionally, .interrupt the working threads if they wait for data in some blocking call)
  • Wait for the working threads (executing writeBatch in your case) to finish, by calling the Thread.join() method on the working threads.
  • Terminate the program

Some sketchy code:

  • Add a static volatile boolean keepRunning = true;
  • In run() you change to

    for (int i = 0; i < N && keepRunning; ++i)
        writeBatch(pw, i);
    
  • In main() you add:

    final Thread mainThread = Thread.currentThread();
    Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
        public void run() {
            keepRunning = false;
            mainThread.join();
        }
    });
    

That's roughly how I do a graceful "reject all clients upon hitting Control-C" in terminal.


From the docs:

When the virtual machine begins its shutdown sequence it will start all registered shutdown hooks in some unspecified order and let them run concurrently. When all the hooks have finished it will then run all uninvoked finalizers if finalization-on-exit has been enabled. Finally, the virtual machine will halt.

That is, a shutdown hook keeps the JVM running until the hook has terminated (returned from the run()-method.

Check the current number of connections to MongoDb

connect to the admin database and run db.serverStatus():

> var status = db.serverStatus()
> status.connections
   {"current" : 21, "available" : 15979}
> 

You can directly get by querying

db.serverStatus().connections

To understand what does MongoDb's db.serverStatus().connections response mean, read the documentation here.

connections

"connections" : {
   "current" : <num>,
   "available" : <num>,
   "totalCreated" : NumberLong(<num>)
},

connections A document that reports on the status of the connections. Use these values to assess the current load and capacity requirements of the server.

connections.current The number of incoming connections from clients to the database server . This number includes the current shell session. Consider the value of connections.available to add more context to this datum.

The value will include all incoming connections including any shell connections or connections from other servers, such as replica set members or mongos instances.

connections.available The number of unused incoming connections available. Consider this value in combination with the value of connections.current to understand the connection load on the database, and the UNIX ulimit Settings document for more information about system thresholds on available connections.

connections.totalCreated Count of all incoming connections created to the server. This number includes connections that have since closed.

Datatables warning(table id = 'example'): cannot reinitialise data table

Search in your code maybe you have initialized dataTable twice in your code. You shold have like this code:

$('#example').dataTable( {paging: false} );

Only one time in your code.

How to delete specific characters from a string in Ruby?

Do as below using String#tr :

 "((String1))".tr('()', '')
 # => "String1"

LaTeX: Multiple authors in a two-column article

I put together a little test here:

\documentclass[10pt,twocolumn]{article}

\title{Article Title}
\author{
    First Author\\
    Department\\
    school\\
    email@edu
  \and
    Second Author\\
    Department\\
    school\\
    email@edu
    \and
    Third Author\\
    Department\\
    school\\
    email@edu
    \and
    Fourth Author\\
    Department\\
    school\\
    email@edu
}
\date{\today}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\begin{abstract}
\ldots
\end{abstract}

\section{Introduction}
\ldots

\end{document}

Things to note, the title, author and date fields are declared before \begin{document}. Also, the multicol package is likely unnecessary in this case since you have declared twocolumn in the document class.

This example puts all four authors on the same line, but if your authors have longer names, departments or emails, this might cause it to flow over onto another line. You might be able to change the font sizes around a little bit to make things fit. This could be done by doing something like {\small First Author}. Here's a more detailed article on \LaTeX font sizes:

https://engineering.purdue.edu/ECN/Support/KB/Docs/LaTeXChangingTheFont

To italicize you can use {\it First Name} or \textit{First Name}.

Be careful though, if the document is meant for publication often times journals or conference proceedings have their own formatting guidelines so font size trickery might not be allowed.

Excel formula to remove space between words in a cell

Suppose the data is in the B column, write in the C column the formula:

=SUBSTITUTE(B1," ","")

Copy&Paste the formula in the whole C column.

edit: using commas or semicolons as parameters separator depends on your regional settings (I have to use the semicolons). This is weird I think. Thanks to @tocallaghan and @pablete for pointing this out.

EXCEL Multiple Ranges - need different answers for each range

Nested if's in Excel Are ugly:

=If(G2 < 1, .1, IF(G2 < 5,.15,if(G2 < 15,.2,if(G2 < 30,.5,if(G2 < 100,.1,1.3)))))

That should cover it.

What is the difference between HTML tags <div> and <span>?

I would say that if you know a bit of spanish to look at this page, where is properly explained.

However, a fast definition would be that div is for dividing sections and span is for applying some kind of style to an element within another block element like div.

How do I convert a IPython Notebook into a Python file via commandline?

You can do this from the IPython API.

from IPython.nbformat import current as nbformat
from IPython.nbconvert import PythonExporter

filepath = 'path/to/my_notebook.ipynb'
export_path = 'path/to/my_notebook.py'

with open(filepath) as fh:
    nb = nbformat.reads_json(fh.read())

exporter = PythonExporter()

# source is a tuple of python source code
# meta contains metadata
source, meta = exporter.from_notebook_node(nb)

with open(export_path, 'w+') as fh:
    fh.writelines(source)

How do you clear the focus in javascript?

document.activeElement.blur();

Works wrong on IE9 - it blurs the whole browser window if active element is document body. Better to check for this case:

if (document.activeElement != document.body) document.activeElement.blur();

How to specify the default error page in web.xml?

You can also specify <error-page> for exceptions using <exception-type>, eg below:

<error-page>
    <exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type>
    <location>/errorpages/exception.html</location>
</error-page>

Or map a error code using <error-code>:

<error-page>
    <error-code>404</error-code>
    <location>/errorpages/404error.html</location>
</error-page>

Replace console output in Python

Added a little bit more functionality to the example of Aravind Voggu:

def progressBar(name, value, endvalue, bar_length = 50, width = 20):
        percent = float(value) / endvalue
        arrow = '-' * int(round(percent*bar_length) - 1) + '>'
        spaces = ' ' * (bar_length - len(arrow))
        sys.stdout.write("\r{0: <{1}} : [{2}]{3}%".format(\
                         name, width, arrow + spaces, int(round(percent*100))))
        sys.stdout.flush()
        if value == endvalue:     
             sys.stdout.write('\n\n')

Now you are able to generate multiple progressbars without replacing the previous one.

I've also added name as a value with a fixed width.

For two loops and two times the use of progressBar() the result will look like:

progress bar animation

Passing a URL with brackets to curl

Never mind, I found it in the docs:

-g/--globoff
              This  option  switches  off  the "URL globbing parser". When you set this option, you can
              specify URLs that contain the letters {}[] without having them being interpreted by  curl
              itself.  Note  that  these  letters  are not normal legal URL contents but they should be
              encoded according to the URI standard.

How to properly ignore exceptions

How to properly ignore Exceptions?

There are several ways of doing this.

However, the choice of example has a simple solution that does not cover the general case.

Specific to the example:

Instead of

try:
    shutil.rmtree(path)
except:
    pass

Do this:

shutil.rmtree(path, ignore_errors=True)

This is an argument specific to shutil.rmtree. You can see the help on it by doing the following, and you'll see it can also allow for functionality on errors as well.

>>> import shutil
>>> help(shutil.rmtree)

Since this only covers the narrow case of the example, I'll further demonstrate how to handle this if those keyword arguments didn't exist.

General approach

Since the above only covers the narrow case of the example, I'll further demonstrate how to handle this if those keyword arguments didn't exist.

New in Python 3.4:

You can import the suppress context manager:

from contextlib import suppress

But only suppress the most specific exception:

with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
    shutil.rmtree(path)

You will silently ignore a FileNotFoundError:

>>> with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
...     shutil.rmtree('bajkjbkdlsjfljsf')
... 
>>> 

From the docs:

As with any other mechanism that completely suppresses exceptions, this context manager should be used only to cover very specific errors where silently continuing with program execution is known to be the right thing to do.

Note that suppress and FileNotFoundError are only available in Python 3.

If you want your code to work in Python 2 as well, see the next section:

Python 2 & 3:

When you just want to do a try/except without handling the exception, how do you do it in Python?

Is the following the right way to do it?

try :
    shutil.rmtree ( path )
except :
    pass

For Python 2 compatible code, pass is the correct way to have a statement that's a no-op. But when you do a bare except:, that's the same as doing except BaseException: which includes GeneratorExit, KeyboardInterrupt, and SystemExit, and in general, you don't want to catch those things.

In fact, you should be as specific in naming the exception as you can.

Here's part of the Python (2) exception hierarchy, and as you can see, if you catch more general Exceptions, you can hide problems you did not expect:

BaseException
 +-- SystemExit
 +-- KeyboardInterrupt
 +-- GeneratorExit
 +-- Exception
      +-- StopIteration
      +-- StandardError
      |    +-- BufferError
      |    +-- ArithmeticError
      |    |    +-- FloatingPointError
      |    |    +-- OverflowError
      |    |    +-- ZeroDivisionError
      |    +-- AssertionError
      |    +-- AttributeError
      |    +-- EnvironmentError
      |    |    +-- IOError
      |    |    +-- OSError
      |    |         +-- WindowsError (Windows)
      |    |         +-- VMSError (VMS)
      |    +-- EOFError
... and so on

You probably want to catch an OSError here, and maybe the exception you don't care about is if there is no directory.

We can get that specific error number from the errno library, and reraise if we don't have that:

import errno

try:
    shutil.rmtree(path)
except OSError as error:
    if error.errno == errno.ENOENT: # no such file or directory
        pass
    else: # we had an OSError we didn't expect, so reraise it
        raise 

Note, a bare raise raises the original exception, which is probably what you want in this case. Written more concisely, as we don't really need to explicitly pass with code in the exception handling:

try:
    shutil.rmtree(path)
except OSError as error:
    if error.errno != errno.ENOENT: # no such file or directory
        raise 

Check if a PHP cookie exists and if not set its value

Answer

You can't according to the PHP manual:

Once the cookies have been set, they can be accessed on the next page load with the $_COOKIE or $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS arrays.

This is because cookies are sent in response headers to the browser and the browser must then send them back with the next request. This is why they are only available on the second page load.

Work around

But you can work around it by also setting $_COOKIE when you call setcookie():

if(!isset($_COOKIE['lg'])) {
    setcookie('lg', 'ro');
    $_COOKIE['lg'] = 'ro';
}
echo $_COOKIE['lg'];

Get Character value from KeyCode in JavaScript... then trim

I'm assuming this is for a game or for a fast-responding type of application hence the use of KEYDOWN than KEYPRESS.

Edit: Dang! I stand corrected (thank you Crescent Fresh and David): JQuery (or even rather the underlying DOM hosts) do not expose the detail of the WM_KEYDOWN and of other events. Rather they pre-digest this data and, in the case of keyDown even in JQuery, we get:

Note that these properties are the UniCode values.
Note, I wasn't able to find an authorititative reference to that in JQuery docs, but many reputable examples on the net refer to these two properties.

The following code, adapted from some java (not javascript) of mine, is therefore totally wrong...

The following will give you the "interesting" parts of the keycode:

  value = e.KeyCode;
  repeatCount = value & 0xFF;
  scanCode = (value >> 16) & 0xFF;  // note we take the "extended bit" deal w/ it later.
  wasDown = ((value & 0x4000) != 0);  // indicate key was readily down (auto-repeat)
  if (scanCode > 127)
      // deal with extended
  else
      // "regular" character

Input type=password, don't let browser remember the password

You can use JQuery, select the item by id:

$("input#Password").attr("autocomplete","off");

Or select the item by type:

$("input[type='password']").attr("autocomplete","off");

Or also:

You can use pure Javascript:

document.getElementById('Password').autocomplete = 'off';

Preventing an image from being draggable or selectable without using JS

You can use the pointer-events property in your CSS, and set it equal to 'none'

img {
    pointer-events: none;
}

Edited

this will block (click) event. So better solution would be

<img draggable="false" (dragstart)="false;" class="unselectable">

.unselectable {
  user-drag: none; 
  user-select: none;
  -moz-user-select: none;
  -webkit-user-drag: none;
  -webkit-user-select: none;
  -ms-user-select: none;
}

php execute a background process

If you are looking to execute a background process via PHP, pipe the command's output to /dev/null and add & to the end of the command.

exec("bg_process > /dev/null &");

Note that you can not utilize the $output parameter of exec() or else PHP will hang (probably until the process completes).

alter the size of column in table containing data

Case 1 : Yes, this works fine.

Case 2 : This will fail with the error ORA-01441 : cannot decrease column length because some value is too big.

Share and enjoy.

Difference between volatile and synchronized in Java

It's important to understand that there are two aspects to thread safety.

  1. execution control, and
  2. memory visibility

The first has to do with controlling when code executes (including the order in which instructions are executed) and whether it can execute concurrently, and the second to do with when the effects in memory of what has been done are visible to other threads. Because each CPU has several levels of cache between it and main memory, threads running on different CPUs or cores can see "memory" differently at any given moment in time because threads are permitted to obtain and work on private copies of main memory.

Using synchronized prevents any other thread from obtaining the monitor (or lock) for the same object, thereby preventing all code blocks protected by synchronization on the same object from executing concurrently. Synchronization also creates a "happens-before" memory barrier, causing a memory visibility constraint such that anything done up to the point some thread releases a lock appears to another thread subsequently acquiring the same lock to have happened before it acquired the lock. In practical terms, on current hardware, this typically causes flushing of the CPU caches when a monitor is acquired and writes to main memory when it is released, both of which are (relatively) expensive.

Using volatile, on the other hand, forces all accesses (read or write) to the volatile variable to occur to main memory, effectively keeping the volatile variable out of CPU caches. This can be useful for some actions where it is simply required that visibility of the variable be correct and order of accesses is not important. Using volatile also changes treatment of long and double to require accesses to them to be atomic; on some (older) hardware this might require locks, though not on modern 64 bit hardware. Under the new (JSR-133) memory model for Java 5+, the semantics of volatile have been strengthened to be almost as strong as synchronized with respect to memory visibility and instruction ordering (see http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/pugh/java/memoryModel/jsr-133-faq.html#volatile). For the purposes of visibility, each access to a volatile field acts like half a synchronization.

Under the new memory model, it is still true that volatile variables cannot be reordered with each other. The difference is that it is now no longer so easy to reorder normal field accesses around them. Writing to a volatile field has the same memory effect as a monitor release, and reading from a volatile field has the same memory effect as a monitor acquire. In effect, because the new memory model places stricter constraints on reordering of volatile field accesses with other field accesses, volatile or not, anything that was visible to thread A when it writes to volatile field f becomes visible to thread B when it reads f.

-- JSR 133 (Java Memory Model) FAQ

So, now both forms of memory barrier (under the current JMM) cause an instruction re-ordering barrier which prevents the compiler or run-time from re-ordering instructions across the barrier. In the old JMM, volatile did not prevent re-ordering. This can be important, because apart from memory barriers the only limitation imposed is that, for any particular thread, the net effect of the code is the same as it would be if the instructions were executed in precisely the order in which they appear in the source.

One use of volatile is for a shared but immutable object is recreated on the fly, with many other threads taking a reference to the object at a particular point in their execution cycle. One needs the other threads to begin using the recreated object once it is published, but does not need the additional overhead of full synchronization and it's attendant contention and cache flushing.

// Declaration
public class SharedLocation {
    static public SomeObject someObject=new SomeObject(); // default object
    }

// Publishing code
// Note: do not simply use SharedLocation.someObject.xxx(), since although
//       someObject will be internally consistent for xxx(), a subsequent 
//       call to yyy() might be inconsistent with xxx() if the object was 
//       replaced in between calls.
SharedLocation.someObject=new SomeObject(...); // new object is published

// Using code
private String getError() {
    SomeObject myCopy=SharedLocation.someObject; // gets current copy
    ...
    int cod=myCopy.getErrorCode();
    String txt=myCopy.getErrorText();
    return (cod+" - "+txt);
    }
// And so on, with myCopy always in a consistent state within and across calls
// Eventually we will return to the code that gets the current SomeObject.

Speaking to your read-update-write question, specifically. Consider the following unsafe code:

public void updateCounter() {
    if(counter==1000) { counter=0; }
    else              { counter++; }
    }

Now, with the updateCounter() method unsynchronized, two threads may enter it at the same time. Among the many permutations of what could happen, one is that thread-1 does the test for counter==1000 and finds it true and is then suspended. Then thread-2 does the same test and also sees it true and is suspended. Then thread-1 resumes and sets counter to 0. Then thread-2 resumes and again sets counter to 0 because it missed the update from thread-1. This can also happen even if thread switching does not occur as I have described, but simply because two different cached copies of counter were present in two different CPU cores and the threads each ran on a separate core. For that matter, one thread could have counter at one value and the other could have counter at some entirely different value just because of caching.

What's important in this example is that the variable counter was read from main memory into cache, updated in cache and only written back to main memory at some indeterminate point later when a memory barrier occurred or when the cache memory was needed for something else. Making the counter volatile is insufficient for thread-safety of this code, because the test for the maximum and the assignments are discrete operations, including the increment which is a set of non-atomic read+increment+write machine instructions, something like:

MOV EAX,counter
INC EAX
MOV counter,EAX

Volatile variables are useful only when all operations performed on them are "atomic", such as my example where a reference to a fully formed object is only read or written (and, indeed, typically it's only written from a single point). Another example would be a volatile array reference backing a copy-on-write list, provided the array was only read by first taking a local copy of the reference to it.

Show spinner GIF during an $http request in AngularJS?

Just discovered the angular-busy directive that shows a little loader depending on some async call.

For example, if you have to make a GET, reference the promise in your $scope,

$scope.req = $http.get('http://google.fr');

and call it like so :

<div cg-busy="req"></div>

Here is the GitHub.

You can also install it using bower (don't forget to update your project dependencies):

bower install angular-busy --save

Matlab: Running an m-file from command-line

A command like this runs the m-file successfully:

"C:\<a long path here>\matlab.exe" -nodisplay -nosplash -nodesktop -r "run('C:\<a long path here>\mfile.m'); exit;"

How to display an unordered list in two columns?

The legacy solution in the top answer didn't work for me because I wanted to affect multiple lists on the page and the answer assumes a single list plus it uses a fair bit of global state. In this case I wanted to alter every list inside a <section class="list-content">:

const columns = 2;
$("section.list-content").each(function (index, element) {
    let section = $(element);
    let items = section.find("ul li").detach();
    section.find("ul").detach();
    for (let i = 0; i < columns; i++) {
        section.append("<ul></ul>");
    }
    let lists = section.find("ul");
    for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
        lists.get(i % columns).append(items[i]);
    }
});

Convert char to int in C#

By default you use UNICODE so I suggest using faulty's method

int bar = int.Parse(foo.ToString());

Even though the numeric values under are the same for digits and basic Latin chars.

How do I save a stream to a file in C#?

private void SaveFileStream(String path, Stream stream)
{
    var fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write);
    stream.CopyTo(fileStream);
    fileStream.Dispose();
}

Discard all and get clean copy of latest revision?

To delete untracked on *nix without the purge extension you can use

hg pull
hg update -r MY_BRANCH -C
hg status -un|xargs rm

Which is using

update -r --rev REV revision

update -C --clean discard uncommitted changes (no backup)

status -u --unknown show only unknown (not tracked) files

status -n --no-status hide status prefix

XmlWriter to Write to a String Instead of to a File

Use StringBuilder:

var sb = new StringBuilder();
    using (XmlWriter xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(sb))
    {
        ...
    }
return sb.ToString();

How to convert Observable<any> to array[]

Using HttpClient (Http's replacement) in Angular 4.3+, the entire mapping/casting process is made simpler/eliminated.

Using your CountryData class, you would define a service method like this:

getCountries()  {
  return this.httpClient.get<CountryData[]>('http://theUrl.com/all');
}

Then when you need it, define an array like this:

countries:CountryData[] = [];

and subscribe to it like this:

this.countryService.getCountries().subscribe(countries => this.countries = countries);

A complete setup answer is posted here also.

How do I use DateTime.TryParse with a Nullable<DateTime>?

You can't because Nullable<DateTime> is a different type to DateTime. You need to write your own function to do it,

public bool TryParse(string text, out Nullable<DateTime> nDate)
{
    DateTime date;
    bool isParsed = DateTime.TryParse(text, out date);
    if (isParsed)
        nDate = new Nullable<DateTime>(date);
    else
        nDate = new Nullable<DateTime>();
    return isParsed;
}

Hope this helps :)

EDIT: Removed the (obviously) improperly tested extension method, because (as Pointed out by some bad hoor) extension methods that attempt to change the "this" parameter will not work with Value Types.

P.S. The Bad Hoor in question is an old friend :)

Jquery click event not working after append method

TRY THIS

As of jQuery version 1.7+, the on() method is the new replacement for the bind(), live() and delegate() methods.

SO ADD THIS,

$(document).on("click", "a.new_participant_form" , function() {
      console.log('clicked');
});

Or for more information CHECK HERE

How do I use Join-Path to combine more than two strings into a file path?

If you are still using .NET 2.0, then [IO.Path]::Combine won't have the params string[] overload which you need to join more than two parts, and you'll see the error Cannot find an overload for "Combine" and the argument count: "3".

Slightly less elegant, but a pure PowerShell solution is to manually aggregate path parts:

Join-Path C: (Join-Path  "Program Files" "Microsoft Office")

or

Join-Path  (Join-Path  C: "Program Files") "Microsoft Office"

Tar error: Unexpected EOF in archive

I had a similar error, but in my case the cause was file renaming. I was creating a gzipped file file1.tar.gz and repeatedly updating it in another tarfile with tar -uvf ./combined.tar ./file1.tar.gz. I got the unexpected EOF error when after untarring combined.tar and trying to untar file1.tar.gz.

I noticed there was a difference in the output of file before and after tarring:

$file file1.tar.gz
file1.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, was "file1.tar", last modified: Mon Jul 29 12:00:00 2019, from Unix
$tar xvf combined.tar
$file file1.tar.gz
file1.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, was "file_old.tar", last modified: Mon Jul 29 12:00:00 2019, from Unix

So, it appears that the file had a different name when I originally created combined.tar, and using the tar update function doesn't overwrite the metadata for the gzipped filename. The solution was to recreate combined.tar from scratch instead of updating it.

I still don't know exactly what happened, since changing the name of a gzipped file doesn't normally break it.

Dividing two integers to produce a float result

Cast the operands to floats:

float ans = (float)a / (float)b;

List all files from a directory recursively with Java

One more example of listing files and directories using Java 8 filter

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Files!!");
        try {
            Files.walk(Paths.get("."))
                    .filter(Files::isRegularFile)
                    .filter(c ->
                            c.getFileName().toString().substring(c.getFileName().toString().length()-4).contains(".jpg")
                            ||
                            c.getFileName().toString().substring(c.getFileName().toString().length()-5).contains(".jpeg")
                    )
                    .forEach(System.out::println);

        } catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("No jpeg or jpg files");
        }

        System.out.println("\nDirectories!!\n");
        try {
            Files.walk(Paths.get("."))
                    .filter(Files::isDirectory)
                    .forEach(System.out::println);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("No Jpeg files");
        }
}

Why is using the JavaScript eval function a bad idea?

Unless you are 100% sure that the code being evaluated is from a trusted source (usually your own application) then it's a surefire way of exposing your system to a cross-site scripting attack.

How to test if a double is an integer

A simple way for doing this could be

    double d = 7.88;    //sample example
    int x=floor(d);     //floor of number
    int y=ceil(d);      //ceil of number
    if(x==y)            //both floor and ceil will be same for integer number
        cout<<"integer number";
    else
        cout<<"double number";

Load json from local file with http.get() in angular 2

try: this.navItems = this.http.get("data/navItems.json");

What is the difference between a generative and a discriminative algorithm?

An addition informative point that goes well with the answer by StompChicken above.

The fundamental difference between discriminative models and generative models is:

Discriminative models learn the (hard or soft) boundary between classes

Generative models model the distribution of individual classes

Edit:

A Generative model is the one that can generate data. It models both the features and the class (i.e. the complete data).

If we model P(x,y): I can use this probability distribution to generate data points - and hence all algorithms modeling P(x,y) are generative.

Eg. of generative models

  • Naive Bayes models P(c) and P(d|c) - where c is the class and d is the feature vector.

    Also, P(c,d) = P(c) * P(d|c)

    Hence, Naive Bayes in some form models, P(c,d)

  • Bayes Net

  • Markov Nets

A discriminative model is the one that can only be used to discriminate/classify the data points. You only require to model P(y|x) in such cases, (i.e. probability of class given the feature vector).

Eg. of discriminative models:

  • logistic regression

  • Neural Networks

  • Conditional random fields

In general, generative models need to model much more than the discriminative models and hence are sometimes not as effective. As a matter of fact, most (not sure if all) unsupervised learning algorithms like clustering etc can be called generative, since they model P(d) (and there are no classes:P)

PS: Part of the answer is taken from source

How do I convert ticks to minutes?

TimeSpan.FromTicks( 28000000000 ).TotalMinutes;

Getting a list of associative array keys

I am currently using Rob de la Cruz's reply:

Object.keys(obj)

And in a file loaded early on I have some lines of code borrowed from elsewhere on the Internet which cover the case of old versions of script interpreters that do not have Object.keys built in.

if (!Object.keys) {
    Object.keys = function(object) {
        var keys = [];
        for (var o in object) {
            if (object.hasOwnProperty(o)) {
                keys.push(o);
            }
        }
        return keys;
    };
}

I think this is the best of both worlds for large projects: simple modern code and backwards compatible support for old versions of browsers, etc.

Effectively it puts JW's solution into the function when Rob de la Cruz's Object.keys(obj) is not natively available.

How to extract numbers from a string in Python?

@jmnas, I liked your answer, but it didn't find floats. I'm working on a script to parse code going to a CNC mill and needed to find both X and Y dimensions that can be integers or floats, so I adapted your code to the following. This finds int, float with positive and negative vals. Still doesn't find hex formatted values but you could add "x" and "A" through "F" to the num_char tuple and I think it would parse things like '0x23AC'.

s = 'hello X42 I\'m a Y-32.35 string Z30'
xy = ("X", "Y")
num_char = (".", "+", "-")

l = []

tokens = s.split()
for token in tokens:

    if token.startswith(xy):
        num = ""
        for char in token:
            # print(char)
            if char.isdigit() or (char in num_char):
                num = num + char

        try:
            l.append(float(num))
        except ValueError:
            pass

print(l)

How to find out the location of currently used MySQL configuration file in linux

The information you want can be found by running

mysql --help

or

mysqld --help --verbose

I tried this command on my machine:

mysql --help | grep "Default options" -A 1

And it printed out:

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /usr/local/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

See if that works for you.

JSON - Iterate through JSONArray

Change

JSONObject objects = getArray.getJSONArray(i);

to

JSONObject objects = getArray.getJSONObject(i);

or to

JSONObject objects = getArray.optJSONObject(i);

depending on which JSON-to/from-Java library you're using. (It looks like getJSONObject will work for you.)

Then, to access the string elements in the "objects" JSONObject, get them out by element name.

String a = objects.get("A");

If you need the names of the elements in the JSONObject, you can use the static utility method JSONObject.getNames(JSONObject) to do so.

String[] elementNames = JSONObject.getNames(objects);

"Get the value for the first element and the value for the last element."

If "element" is referring to the component in the array, note that the first component is at index 0, and the last component is at index getArray.length() - 1.


I want to iterate though the objects in the array and get thier component and thier value. In my example the first object has 3 components, the scond has 5 and the third has 4 components. I want iterate though each of them and get thier component name and value.

The following code does exactly that.

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;

public class Foo
{
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
  {
    String jsonInput = "{\"JObjects\":{\"JArray1\":[{\"A\":\"a\",\"B\":\"b\",\"C\":\"c\"},{\"A\":\"a1\",\"B\":\"b2\",\"C\":\"c3\",\"D\":\"d4\",\"E\":\"e5\"},{\"A\":\"aa\",\"B\":\"bb\",\"C\":\"cc\",\"D\":\"dd\"}]}}";

    // "I want to iterate though the objects in the array..."
    JSONObject outerObject = new JSONObject(jsonInput);
    JSONObject innerObject = outerObject.getJSONObject("JObjects");
    JSONArray jsonArray = innerObject.getJSONArray("JArray1");
    for (int i = 0, size = jsonArray.length(); i < size; i++)
    {
      JSONObject objectInArray = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);

      // "...and get thier component and thier value."
      String[] elementNames = JSONObject.getNames(objectInArray);
      System.out.printf("%d ELEMENTS IN CURRENT OBJECT:\n", elementNames.length);
      for (String elementName : elementNames)
      {
        String value = objectInArray.getString(elementName);
        System.out.printf("name=%s, value=%s\n", elementName, value);
      }
      System.out.println();
    }
  }
}
/*
OUTPUT:
3 ELEMENTS IN CURRENT OBJECT:
name=A, value=a
name=B, value=b
name=C, value=c

5 ELEMENTS IN CURRENT OBJECT:
name=D, value=d4
name=E, value=e5
name=A, value=a1
name=B, value=b2
name=C, value=c3

4 ELEMENTS IN CURRENT OBJECT:
name=D, value=dd
name=A, value=aa
name=B, value=bb
name=C, value=cc
*/

Removing first x characters from string?

Example to show last 3 digits of account number.

x = '1234567890'   
x.replace(x[:7], '')

o/p: '890'

jQuery if div contains this text, replace that part of the text

var d = $('.text_div');
d.text(d.text().trim().replace(/contains/i, "hello everyone"));

How to get back to most recent version in Git?

With Git 2.23+ (August 2019), the best practice would be to use git switch instead of the confusing git checkout command.

To create a new branch based on an older version:

git switch -c temp_branch HEAD~2

To go back to the current master branch:

git switch master

How to recognize vehicle license / number plate (ANPR) from an image?

I came across this one that is written in java javaANPR, I am looking for a c# library as well.

I would like a system where I can point a video camera at some sailing boats, all of which have large, identifiable numbers on them, and have it identify the boats and send a tweet when they sail past a video camera.

Is there an SQLite equivalent to MySQL's DESCRIBE [table]?

To see all tables:

.tables

To see a particular table:

.schema [tablename]

jQuery set radio button

The chosen answer works in this case.

But the question was about finding the element based on radiogroup and dynamic id, and the answer can also leave the displayed radio button unaffected.

This line does selects exactly what was asked for while showing the change on screen as well.

$('input:radio[name=cols][id='+ newcol +']').click();

How to use the COLLATE in a JOIN in SQL Server?

As a general rule, you can use Database_Default collation so you don't need to figure out which one to use. However, I strongly suggest reading Simons Liew's excellent article Understanding the COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT clause in SQL Server

SELECT *
  FROM [FAEB].[dbo].[ExportaComisiones] AS f
  JOIN [zCredifiel].[dbo].[optPerson] AS p
  ON (p.vTreasuryId = f.RFC) COLLATE Database_Default 

How to do encryption using AES in Openssl

I am trying to write a sample program to do AES encryption using Openssl.

This answer is kind of popular, so I'm going to offer something more up-to-date since OpenSSL added some modes of operation that will probably help you.

First, don't use AES_encrypt and AES_decrypt. They are low level and harder to use. Additionally, it's a software-only routine, and it will never use hardware acceleration, like AES-NI. Finally, its subject to endianess issues on some obscure platforms.

Instead, use the EVP_* interfaces. The EVP_* functions use hardware acceleration, like AES-NI, if available. And it does not suffer endianess issues on obscure platforms.

Second, you can use a mode like CBC, but the ciphertext will lack integrity and authenticity assurances. So you usually want a mode like EAX, CCM, or GCM. (Or you manually have to apply a HMAC after the encryption under a separate key.)

Third, OpenSSL has a wiki page that will probably interest you: EVP Authenticated Encryption and Decryption. It uses GCM mode.

Finally, here's the program to encrypt using AES/GCM. The OpenSSL wiki example is based on it.

#include <openssl/evp.h>
#include <openssl/aes.h>
#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <string.h>   

int main(int arc, char *argv[])
{
    OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
    ERR_load_crypto_strings();     

    /* Set up the key and iv. Do I need to say to not hard code these in a real application? :-) */

    /* A 256 bit key */
    static const unsigned char key[] = "01234567890123456789012345678901";

    /* A 128 bit IV */
    static const unsigned char iv[] = "0123456789012345";

    /* Message to be encrypted */
    unsigned char plaintext[] = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";

    /* Some additional data to be authenticated */
    static const unsigned char aad[] = "Some AAD data";

    /* Buffer for ciphertext. Ensure the buffer is long enough for the
     * ciphertext which may be longer than the plaintext, dependant on the
     * algorithm and mode
     */
    unsigned char ciphertext[128];

    /* Buffer for the decrypted text */
    unsigned char decryptedtext[128];

    /* Buffer for the tag */
    unsigned char tag[16];

    int decryptedtext_len = 0, ciphertext_len = 0;

    /* Encrypt the plaintext */
    ciphertext_len = encrypt(plaintext, strlen(plaintext), aad, strlen(aad), key, iv, ciphertext, tag);

    /* Do something useful with the ciphertext here */
    printf("Ciphertext is:\n");
    BIO_dump_fp(stdout, ciphertext, ciphertext_len);
    printf("Tag is:\n");
    BIO_dump_fp(stdout, tag, 14);

    /* Mess with stuff */
    /* ciphertext[0] ^= 1; */
    /* tag[0] ^= 1; */

    /* Decrypt the ciphertext */
    decryptedtext_len = decrypt(ciphertext, ciphertext_len, aad, strlen(aad), tag, key, iv, decryptedtext);

    if(decryptedtext_len < 0)
    {
        /* Verify error */
        printf("Decrypted text failed to verify\n");
    }
    else
    {
        /* Add a NULL terminator. We are expecting printable text */
        decryptedtext[decryptedtext_len] = '\0';

        /* Show the decrypted text */
        printf("Decrypted text is:\n");
        printf("%s\n", decryptedtext);
    }

    /* Remove error strings */
    ERR_free_strings();

    return 0;
}

void handleErrors(void)
{
    unsigned long errCode;

    printf("An error occurred\n");
    while(errCode = ERR_get_error())
    {
        char *err = ERR_error_string(errCode, NULL);
        printf("%s\n", err);
    }
    abort();
}

int encrypt(unsigned char *plaintext, int plaintext_len, unsigned char *aad,
            int aad_len, unsigned char *key, unsigned char *iv,
            unsigned char *ciphertext, unsigned char *tag)
{
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx = NULL;
    int len = 0, ciphertext_len = 0;

    /* Create and initialise the context */
    if(!(ctx = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new())) handleErrors();

    /* Initialise the encryption operation. */
    if(1 != EVP_EncryptInit_ex(ctx, EVP_aes_256_gcm(), NULL, NULL, NULL))
        handleErrors();

    /* Set IV length if default 12 bytes (96 bits) is not appropriate */
    if(1 != EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_GCM_SET_IVLEN, 16, NULL))
        handleErrors();

    /* Initialise key and IV */
    if(1 != EVP_EncryptInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, key, iv)) handleErrors();

    /* Provide any AAD data. This can be called zero or more times as
     * required
     */
    if(aad && aad_len > 0)
    {
        if(1 != EVP_EncryptUpdate(ctx, NULL, &len, aad, aad_len))
            handleErrors();
    }

    /* Provide the message to be encrypted, and obtain the encrypted output.
     * EVP_EncryptUpdate can be called multiple times if necessary
     */
    if(plaintext)
    {
        if(1 != EVP_EncryptUpdate(ctx, ciphertext, &len, plaintext, plaintext_len))
            handleErrors();

        ciphertext_len = len;
    }

    /* Finalise the encryption. Normally ciphertext bytes may be written at
     * this stage, but this does not occur in GCM mode
     */
    if(1 != EVP_EncryptFinal_ex(ctx, ciphertext + len, &len)) handleErrors();
    ciphertext_len += len;

    /* Get the tag */
    if(1 != EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_GCM_GET_TAG, 16, tag))
        handleErrors();

    /* Clean up */
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);

    return ciphertext_len;
}

int decrypt(unsigned char *ciphertext, int ciphertext_len, unsigned char *aad,
            int aad_len, unsigned char *tag, unsigned char *key, unsigned char *iv,
            unsigned char *plaintext)
{
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx = NULL;
    int len = 0, plaintext_len = 0, ret;

    /* Create and initialise the context */
    if(!(ctx = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new())) handleErrors();

    /* Initialise the decryption operation. */
    if(!EVP_DecryptInit_ex(ctx, EVP_aes_256_gcm(), NULL, NULL, NULL))
        handleErrors();

    /* Set IV length. Not necessary if this is 12 bytes (96 bits) */
    if(!EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_GCM_SET_IVLEN, 16, NULL))
        handleErrors();

    /* Initialise key and IV */
    if(!EVP_DecryptInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, key, iv)) handleErrors();

    /* Provide any AAD data. This can be called zero or more times as
     * required
     */
    if(aad && aad_len > 0)
    {
        if(!EVP_DecryptUpdate(ctx, NULL, &len, aad, aad_len))
            handleErrors();
    }

    /* Provide the message to be decrypted, and obtain the plaintext output.
     * EVP_DecryptUpdate can be called multiple times if necessary
     */
    if(ciphertext)
    {
        if(!EVP_DecryptUpdate(ctx, plaintext, &len, ciphertext, ciphertext_len))
            handleErrors();

        plaintext_len = len;
    }

    /* Set expected tag value. Works in OpenSSL 1.0.1d and later */
    if(!EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_GCM_SET_TAG, 16, tag))
        handleErrors();

    /* Finalise the decryption. A positive return value indicates success,
     * anything else is a failure - the plaintext is not trustworthy.
     */
    ret = EVP_DecryptFinal_ex(ctx, plaintext + len, &len);

    /* Clean up */
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);

    if(ret > 0)
    {
        /* Success */
        plaintext_len += len;
        return plaintext_len;
    }
    else
    {
        /* Verify failed */
        return -1;
    }
}

Android Intent Cannot resolve constructor

this work for me

    ncharacters.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            Intent openncharacter = new Intent(getApplicationContext(),ncharacters.class);
            startActivity(openncharacter);
        }
    });

What's the best way to build a string of delimited items in Java?

Use an approach based on java.lang.StringBuilder! ("A mutable sequence of characters. ")

Like you mentioned, all those string concatenations are creating Strings all over. StringBuilder won't do that.

Why StringBuilder instead of StringBuffer? From the StringBuilder javadoc:

Where possible, it is recommended that this class be used in preference to StringBuffer as it will be faster under most implementations.

JavaScript check if variable exists (is defined/initialized)

The typeof operator will check if the variable is really undefined.

if (typeof variable === 'undefined') {
    // variable is undefined
}

The typeof operator, unlike the other operators, doesn't throw a ReferenceError exception when used with an undeclared variable.

However, do note that typeof null will return "object". We have to be careful to avoid the mistake of initializing a variable to null. To be safe, this is what we could use instead:

if (typeof variable === 'undefined' || variable === null) {
    // variable is undefined or null
}

For more info on using strict comparison === instead of simple equality ==, see:
Which equals operator (== vs ===) should be used in JavaScript comparisons?

How can I output a UTF-8 CSV in PHP that Excel will read properly?

you can convert your CSV String with iconv. for example:

$csvString = "Möckmühl;in Möckmühl ist die Hölle los\n";
file_put_contents('path/newTest.csv',iconv("UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1//TRANSLIT",$csvString) );

How can I read comma separated values from a text file in Java?

//lat=3434&lon=yy38&rd=1.0&| in that format o/p is displaying

public class ReadText {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        FileInputStream f= new FileInputStream("D:/workplace/sample/bookstore.txt");
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(f));
        String strline;
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        while ((strline = br.readLine()) != null)
        {
            String[] arraylist=StringUtils.split(strline, ",");
            if(arraylist.length == 2){
                sb.append("lat=").append(StringUtils.trim(arraylist[0])).append("&lon=").append(StringUtils.trim(arraylist[1])).append("&rt=1.0&|");

            } else {
                System.out.println("Error: "+strline);
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Data: "+sb.toString());
    }
}

How to remove any URL within a string in Python

This solution caters for http, https and the other normal url type special characters :

import re
def remove_urls (vTEXT):
    vTEXT = re.sub(r'(https|http)?:\/\/(\w|\.|\/|\?|\=|\&|\%)*\b', '', vTEXT, flags=re.MULTILINE)
    return(vTEXT)


print( remove_urls("this is a test https://sdfs.sdfsdf.com/sdfsdf/sdfsdf/sd/sdfsdfs?bob=%20tree&jef=man lets see this too https://sdfsdf.fdf.com/sdf/f end"))

Combating AngularJS executing controller twice

In my case, I found two views using the same controller.

$stateProvider.state('app', {
  url: '',
  views: {
    "viewOne@app": {
      controller: 'CtrlOne as CtrlOne',
      templateUrl: 'main/one.tpl.html'
    },
    "viewTwo@app": {
      controller: 'CtrlOne as CtrlOne',
      templateUrl: 'main/two.tpl.html'
    }
  }
});

Is mathematics necessary for programming?

There are plenty of programming tasks that can be done well without a background in advanced math. It is probably safe to say the majority of programming jobs available will rarely require anything more than high school level math. But you are not going to write the software that helps put the shuttle in space by hacking away with your freshman college algebra math level. So, while advanced math is usually not vital to many programming tasks the more difficult problems will absolutely require it. Studying math also teaches valuable problem solving skills that can be used almost anywhere. I guess you could say it's not necessary most of the time, but it's certainly going to help almost all of the time.

Form inline inside a form horizontal in twitter bootstrap?

Don't nest <form> tags, that will not work. Just use Bootstrap classes.

Bootstrap 3

<form class="form-horizontal" role="form">
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="inputType" class="col-md-2 control-label">Type</label>
      <div class="col-md-3">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputType" placeholder="Type">
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <span class="col-md-2 control-label">Metadata</span>
        <div class="col-md-6">
            <div class="form-group row">
                <label for="inputKey" class="col-md-1 control-label">Key</label>
                <div class="col-md-2">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputKey" placeholder="Key">
                </div>
                <label for="inputValue" class="col-md-1 control-label">Value</label>
                <div class="col-md-2">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputValue" placeholder="Value">
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</form>

You can achieve that behaviour in many ways, that's just an example. Test it on this bootply

Bootstrap 2

<form class="form-horizontal">
    <div class="control-group">
        <label class="control-label" for="inputType">Type</label>
        <div class="controls">
            <input type="text" id="inputType" placeholder="Type">
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="control-group">
        <span class="control-label">Metadata</span>
        <div class="controls form-inline">
            <label for="inputKey">Key</label>
            <input type="text" class="input-small" placeholder="Key" id="inputKey">
            <label for="inputValue">Value</label>
            <input type="password" class="input-small" placeholder="Value" id="inputValue">
        </div>
    </div>
</form>

Note that I'm using .form-inline to get the propper styling inside a .controls.
You can test it on this jsfiddle

OpenJDK availability for Windows OS

You may find OpenJDK 6 and 7 binaries for Windows in openjdk-unofficial-builds github project.

Update: OpenJDK 8 and 11 LTS binaries for Windows x86_64 can be found in ojdkbuild github project.

Disclaimer: I've built them myself.

Update (2019): OpenJDK Updates Project Builds for 8 and 11 are available now.

Finding local maxima/minima with Numpy in a 1D numpy array

Another one:


def local_maxima_mask(vec):
    """
    Get a mask of all points in vec which are local maxima
    :param vec: A real-valued vector
    :return: A boolean mask of the same size where True elements correspond to maxima. 
    """
    mask = np.zeros(vec.shape, dtype=np.bool)
    greater_than_the_last = np.diff(vec)>0  # N-1
    mask[1:] = greater_than_the_last
    mask[:-1] &= ~greater_than_the_last
    return mask

What does {0} mean when found in a string in C#?

It's a placeholder for a parameter much like the %s format specifier acts within printf.

You can start adding extra things in there to determine the format too, though that makes more sense with a numeric variable (examples here).

How to use font-family lato?

Download it from here and extract LatoOFL.rar then go to TTF and open this font-face-generator click at Choose File choose font which you want to use and click at generate then download it and then go html file open it and you see the code like this

@font-face {
        font-family: "Lato Black";
        src: url('698242188-Lato-Bla.eot');
        src: url('698242188-Lato-Bla.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),
        url('698242188-Lato-Bla.svg#Lato Black') format('svg'),
        url('698242188-Lato-Bla.woff') format('woff'),
        url('698242188-Lato-Bla.ttf') format('truetype');
        font-weight: normal;
        font-style: normal;
}
body{
    font-family: "Lato Black";
    direction: ltr;
}

change the src code and give the url where your this font directory placed, now you can use it at your website...

If you don't want to download it use this

<link type='text/css' href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700' />

How to display text in pygame?

When displaying I sometimes make a new file called Funk. This will have the font, size etc. This is the code for the class:

import pygame

def text_to_screen(screen, text, x, y, size = 50,
            color = (200, 000, 000), font_type = 'data/fonts/orecrusherexpand.ttf'):
    try:

        text = str(text)
        font = pygame.font.Font(font_type, size)
        text = font.render(text, True, color)
        screen.blit(text, (x, y))

    except Exception, e:
        print 'Font Error, saw it coming'
        raise e

Then when that has been imported when I want to display text taht updates E.G score I do:

Funk.text_to_screen(screen, 'Text {0}'.format(score), xpos, ypos)

If it is just normal text that isn't being updated:

Funk.text_to_screen(screen, 'Text', xpos, ypos)

You may notice {0} on the first example. That is because when .format(whatever) is used that is what will be updated. If you have something like Score then target score you'd do {0} for score then {1} for target score then .format(score, targetscore)

Save ArrayList to SharedPreferences

You can convert it to JSON String and store the string in the SharedPreferences.

How to raise a ValueError?

Here's a revised version of your code which still works plus it illustrates how to raise a ValueError the way you want. By-the-way, I think find_last(), find_last_index(), or something simlar would be a more descriptive name for this function. Adding to the possible confusion is the fact that Python already has a container object method named __contains__() that does something a little different, membership-testing-wise.

def contains(char_string, char):
    largest_index = -1
    for i, ch in enumerate(char_string):
        if ch == char:
            largest_index = i
    if largest_index > -1:  # any found?
        return largest_index  # return index of last one
    else:
        raise ValueError('could not find {!r} in {!r}'.format(char, char_string))

print(contains('mississippi', 's'))  # -> 6
print(contains('bababa', 'k'))  # ->
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "how-to-raise-a-valueerror.py", line 15, in <module>
    print(contains('bababa', 'k'))
  File "how-to-raise-a-valueerror.py", line 12, in contains
    raise ValueError('could not find {} in {}'.format(char, char_string))
ValueError: could not find 'k' in 'bababa'

Update — A substantially simpler way

Wow! Here's a much more concise version—essentially a one-liner—that is also likely faster because it reverses (via [::-1]) the string before doing a forward search through it for the first matching character and it does so using the fast built-in string index() method. With respect to your actual question, a nice little bonus convenience that comes with using index() is that it already raises a ValueError when the character substring isn't found, so nothing additional is required to make that happen.

Here it is along with a quick unit test:

def contains(char_string, char):
    #  Ending - 1 adjusts returned index to account for searching in reverse.
    return len(char_string) - char_string[::-1].index(char) - 1

print(contains('mississippi', 's'))  # -> 6
print(contains('bababa', 'k'))  # ->
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "better-way-to-raise-a-valueerror.py", line 9, in <module>
    print(contains('bababa', 'k'))
  File "better-way-to-raise-a-valueerror", line 6, in contains
    return len(char_string) - char_string[::-1].index(char) - 1
ValueError: substring not found

Retrieve Button value with jQuery

Give the buttons a value attribute and then retrieve the values using this:

$("button").click(function(){
  var value=$(this).attr("value");
});

Proper way to concatenate variable strings

As simple as joining lists in python itself.

ansible -m debug -a msg="{{ '-'.join(('list', 'joined', 'together')) }}" localhost

localhost | SUCCESS => {
  "msg": "list-joined-together" }

Works the same way using variables:

ansible -m debug -a msg="{{ '-'.join((var1, var2, var3)) }}" localhost

If '<selector>' is an Angular component, then verify that it is part of this module

You must declare your MyComponentComponent in the same module of your AppComponent.

import { AppComponent } from '...';
import { MyComponentComponent } from '...';

@NgModule({
   declarations: [ AppComponent, MyComponentComponent ],
   bootstrap: [ AppComponent ]
})
export class AppModule {}

what is trailing whitespace and how can I handle this?

This is just a warning and it doesn't make problem for your project to run, you can just ignore it and continue coding. But if you're obsessed about clean coding, same as me, you have two options:

  1. Hover the mouse on warning in VS Code or any IDE and use quick fix to remove white spaces.
  2. Press f1 then type trim trailing whitespace.

How can I save a base64-encoded image to disk?

this is my full solution which would read any base64 image format and save it in the proper format in the database:

    // Save base64 image to disk
    try
    {
        // Decoding base-64 image
        // Source: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20267939/nodejs-write-base64-image-file
        function decodeBase64Image(dataString) 
        {
          var matches = dataString.match(/^data:([A-Za-z-+\/]+);base64,(.+)$/);
          var response = {};

          if (matches.length !== 3) 
          {
            return new Error('Invalid input string');
          }

          response.type = matches[1];
          response.data = new Buffer(matches[2], 'base64');

          return response;
        }

        // Regular expression for image type:
        // This regular image extracts the "jpeg" from "image/jpeg"
        var imageTypeRegularExpression      = /\/(.*?)$/;      

        // Generate random string
        var crypto                          = require('crypto');
        var seed                            = crypto.randomBytes(20);
        var uniqueSHA1String                = crypto
                                               .createHash('sha1')
                                                .update(seed)
                                                 .digest('hex');

        var base64Data = 'data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEAZABkAAD/4Q3zaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmN...';

        var imageBuffer                      = decodeBase64Image(base64Data);
        var userUploadedFeedMessagesLocation = '../img/upload/feed/';

        var uniqueRandomImageName            = 'image-' + uniqueSHA1String;
        // This variable is actually an array which has 5 values,
        // The [1] value is the real image extension
        var imageTypeDetected                = imageBuffer
                                                .type
                                                 .match(imageTypeRegularExpression);

        var userUploadedImagePath            = userUploadedFeedMessagesLocation + 
                                               uniqueRandomImageName +
                                               '.' + 
                                               imageTypeDetected[1];

        // Save decoded binary image to disk
        try
        {
        require('fs').writeFile(userUploadedImagePath, imageBuffer.data,  
                                function() 
                                {
                                  console.log('DEBUG - feed:message: Saved to disk image attached by user:', userUploadedImagePath);
                                });
        }
        catch(error)
        {
            console.log('ERROR:', error);
        }

    }
    catch(error)
    {
        console.log('ERROR:', error);
    }

How to convert BigInteger to String in java

You want to use BigInteger.toByteArray()

String msg = "Hello there!";
BigInteger bi = new BigInteger(msg.getBytes());
System.out.println(new String(bi.toByteArray())); // prints "Hello there!"

The way I understand it is that you're doing the following transformations:

  String  -----------------> byte[] ------------------> BigInteger
          String.getBytes()         BigInteger(byte[])

And you want the reverse:

  BigInteger ------------------------> byte[] ------------------> String
             BigInteger.toByteArray()          String(byte[])

Note that you probably want to use overloads of String.getBytes() and String(byte[]) that specifies an explicit encoding, otherwise you may run into encoding issues.

Declare a variable as Decimal

To declare a variable as a Decimal, first declare it as a Variant and then convert to Decimal with CDec. The type would be Variant/Decimal in the watch window:

enter image description here

Considering that programming floating point arithmetic is not what one has studied during Maths classes at school, one should always try to avoid common pitfalls by converting to decimal whenever possible.

In the example below, we see that the expression:

0.1 + 0.11 = 0.21

is either True or False, depending on whether the collectibles (0.1,0.11) are declared as Double or as Decimal:

Public Sub TestMe()

    Dim preciseA As Variant: preciseA = CDec(0.1)
    Dim preciseB As Variant: preciseB = CDec(0.11)

    Dim notPreciseA As Double: notPreciseA = 0.1
    Dim notPreciseB As Double: notPreciseB = 0.11

    Debug.Print preciseA + preciseB
    Debug.Print preciseA + preciseB = 0.21 'True

    Debug.Print notPreciseA + notPreciseB
    Debug.Print notPreciseA + notPreciseB = 0.21 'False

End Sub

enter image description here

Where is SQL Server Management Studio 2012?

I found it here: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=29062

This did not require any TechNet rigamarole or the use of their horrible Java 7 based download manager.

What is the difference between state and props in React?

In short.

props values can't be changed [immutable]

state values can be changed, using setState method [mutable]

How can I plot a confusion matrix?

@bninopaul 's answer is not completely for beginners

here is the code you can "copy and run"

import seaborn as sn
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

array = [[13,1,1,0,2,0],
         [3,9,6,0,1,0],
         [0,0,16,2,0,0],
         [0,0,0,13,0,0],
         [0,0,0,0,15,0],
         [0,0,1,0,0,15]]

df_cm = pd.DataFrame(array, range(6), range(6))
# plt.figure(figsize=(10,7))
sn.set(font_scale=1.4) # for label size
sn.heatmap(df_cm, annot=True, annot_kws={"size": 16}) # font size

plt.show()

result

How to remove the focus from a TextBox in WinForms?

A simple solution would be to kill the focus, just create your own class:

public class ViewOnlyTextBox : System.Windows.Forms.TextBox {
    // constants for the message sending
    const int WM_SETFOCUS = 0x0007;
    const int WM_KILLFOCUS = 0x0008;

    protected override void WndProc(ref Message m) {
        if(m.Msg == WM_SETFOCUS) m.Msg = WM_KILLFOCUS;

        base.WndProc (ref m);
    }
}

Update style of a component onScroll in React.js

I found that I can't successfully add the event listener unless I pass true like so:

componentDidMount = () => {
    window.addEventListener('scroll', this.handleScroll, true);
},

How to create virtual column using MySQL SELECT?

Your syntax would create an alias for a as b, but it wouldn't have scope beyond the results of the statement. It sounds like you may want to create a VIEW

How can I upgrade NumPy?

After installing pytorch, I got a similar error when I used:

import torch

Removing NumPy didn't help (I actually renamed NumPy, so I reverted back after it didn't work). The following commands worked for me:

sudo pip install numpy --upgrade
sudo easy_install numpy

Getting "Cannot call a class as a function" in my React Project

For me it was a wrong import of a reducer in the rootReducer.js. I imported container instead of reducer file.

Example

import settings from './pages/Settings';

But sure it should be

import settings from './pages/Settings/reducer';

Where settings directory contains following files actions.js, index.js, reducer.js.

To check it you can log reducers arg of the assertReducerShape() function from the redux/es/redux.js.

How do I change the background color with JavaScript?

This will change the background color according to the choice of user selected from the drop-down menu:

_x000D_
_x000D_
function changeBG() {_x000D_
  var selectedBGColor = document.getElementById("bgchoice").value;_x000D_
  document.body.style.backgroundColor = selectedBGColor;_x000D_
}
_x000D_
<select id="bgchoice" onchange="changeBG()">_x000D_
    <option></option>_x000D_
    <option value="red">Red</option>_x000D_
    <option value="ivory">Ivory</option>_x000D_
    <option value="pink">Pink</option>_x000D_
</select>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

How can you encode a string to Base64 in JavaScript?

if you need to encode HTML image object, you can write simple function like:

function getBase64Image(img) {  
  var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");  
  canvas.width = img.width;  
  canvas.height = img.height;  
  var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");  
  ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);  
  var dataURL = canvas.toDataURL("image/png");  
  // escape data:image prefix
  return dataURL.replace(/^data:image\/(png|jpg);base64,/, "");  
  // or just return dataURL
  // return dataURL
}  

To get base64 of image by id:

function getBase64ImageById(id){  
  return getBase64Image(document.getElementById(id));  
} 

more here

Using stored procedure output parameters in C#

Stored Procedure.........

CREATE PROCEDURE usp_InsertContract
    @ContractNumber varchar(7)
AS
BEGIN

    INSERT into [dbo].[Contracts] (ContractNumber)
        VALUES (@ContractNumber)

    SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() AS [SCOPE_IDENTITY]
END

C#

pvCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

pvCommand.Parameters.Clear();
pvCommand.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@ContractNumber", contractNumber));
object uniqueId;
int id;
    try
    {
    uniqueId = pvCommand.ExecuteScalar();
     id = Convert.ToInt32(uniqueId);
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        Debug.Print("  Message: {0}", e.Message);
    }
}

EDIT: "I still get back a DBNull value....Object cannot be cast from DBNull to other types. I'll take this up again tomorrow. I'm off to my other job,"

I believe the Id column in your SQL Table isn't a identity column.

enter image description here

Is there any "font smoothing" in Google Chrome?

I will say before all that this will not always works, i have tested this with sans-serif font and external fonts like open sans

Sometimes, when you use huge fonts, try to approximate to font-size:49px and upper

font-size:48px

This is a header text with a size of 48px (font-size:48px; in the element that contains the text).

But, if you up the 48px to font-size:49px; (and 50px, 60px, 80px, etc...), something interesting happens

font-size:49px

The text automatically get smooth, and seems really good

For another side...

If you are looking for small fonts, you can try this, but isn't very effective.

To the parent of the text, just apply the next css property: -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;

You can transform something like this:

-webkit-backface-visibility: visible;

To this:

-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;

(the font is Kreon)

Consider that when you are not putting that property, -webkit-backface-visibility: visible; is inherit

But be careful, that practice will not give always good results, if you see carefully, Chrome just make the text look a little bit blurry.

Another interesting fact:

-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; will works too when you transform a text in Chrome (with the -webkit-transform property, that includes rotations, skews, etc)

Without

Without -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;

With

With -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;

Well, I don't know why that practices works, but it does for me. Sorry for my weird english.

Attach a body onload event with JS

Cross browser window.load event

function load(){}

window[ addEventListener ? 'addEventListener' : 'attachEvent' ]( addEventListener ? 'load' : 'onload', load )

Splitting applicationContext to multiple files

Mike Nereson has this to say on his blog at:

http://blog.codehangover.com/load-multiple-contexts-into-spring/

There are a couple of ways to do this.

1. web.xml contextConfigLocation

Your first option is to load them all into your Web application context via the ContextConfigLocation element. You’re already going to have your primary applicationContext here, assuming you’re writing a web application. All you need to do is put some white space between the declaration of the next context.

  <context-param>
      <param-name> contextConfigLocation </param-name>
      <param-value>
          applicationContext1.xml
          applicationContext2.xml
      </param-value>
  </context-param>

  <listener>
      <listener-class>
          org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
      </listener-class>
  </listener>

The above uses carriage returns. Alternatively, yo could just put in a space.

  <context-param>
      <param-name> contextConfigLocation </param-name>
      <param-value> applicationContext1.xml applicationContext2.xml </param-value>
  </context-param>

  <listener>
      <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener-class>
  </listener>

2. applicationContext.xml import resource

Your other option is to just add your primary applicationContext.xml to the web.xml and then use import statements in that primary context.

In applicationContext.xml you might have…

  <!-- hibernate configuration and mappings -->
  <import resource="applicationContext-hibernate.xml"/>

  <!-- ldap -->
  <import resource="applicationContext-ldap.xml"/>

  <!-- aspects -->
  <import resource="applicationContext-aspects.xml"/>

Which strategy should you use?

1. I always prefer to load up via web.xml.

Because , this allows me to keep all contexts isolated from each other. With tests, we can load just the contexts that we need to run those tests. This makes development more modular too as components stay loosely coupled, so that in the future I can extract a package or vertical layer and move it to its own module.

2. If you are loading contexts into a non-web application, I would use the import resource.

Difference between View and ViewGroup in Android

In simple words View is the UI element which we interact with when we use an app,like button,edit text and image etc.View is the child class of Android.view.View While View group is the container which contains all these views inside it in addition to several othe viewgroups like linear or Frame Layout etc. Example if we design & take the root element as Linear layout now our main layout is linear layout inside it we can take another view group (i.e another Linear layout) & many other views like buttons or textview etc.

Download a specific tag with Git

If your tags are sortable using the linux sort command, use this:

git tag | sort -n | tail -1

eg. if git tag returns:

v1.0.1
v1.0.2
v1.0.5
v1.0.4

git tag | sort -n | tail -1 will output:

v1.0.5

git tag | sort -n | tail -2 | head -1 will output:

v1.0.4

(because you asked for the second most recent tag)

to checkout the tag, first clone the repo, then type:

git checkout v1.0.4

..or whatever tag you need.

How to edit .csproj file

Here is my option to Edit the project file without the need to Unload the project:

  1. Open Solution Explorer and switch to folder view: enter image description here

  2. Navigate to the Project which you want to edit inside the Solution folders and right-click on it.

  3. Choose Open from the Context Menu. enter image description here

That is it!

You will see the *.csproj file opened inside Visual Studio Editor.
After you can switch back to a Solution/Project view (see step 1).

enter image description here

How to select a div element in the code-behind page?

If you want to find the control from code behind you have to use runat="server" attribute on control. And then you can use Control.FindControl.

<div class="tab-pane active" id="portlet_tab1" runat="server">

Control myControl1 = FindControl("portlet_tab1");
if(myControl1!=null)
{
    //do stuff
}

If you use runat server and your control is inside the ContentPlaceHolder you have to know the ctrl name would not be portlet_tab1 anymore. It will render with the ctrl00 format.

Something like: #ctl00_ContentPlaceHolderMain_portlet_tab1. You will have to modify name if you use jquery.

You can also do it using jQuery on client side without using the runat-server attribute:

<script type='text/javascript'>

    $("#portlet_tab1").removeClass("Active");

</script>

Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case?

Avoiding libraries and regular expressions:

def camel_to_snake(s):
    return ''.join(['_'+c.lower() if c.isupper() else c for c in s]).lstrip('_')
>>> camel_to_snake('ThisIsMyString')
'this_is_my_string'

How to run Spyder in virtual environment?

There is an option to create virtual environments in Anaconda with required Python version.

conda create -n myenv python=3.4

To activate it :

source activate myenv   # (in linux, you can use . as a shortcut for "source")
activate myenv          # (in windows - note that you should be in your c:\anaconda2 directory)

UPDATE. I have tested it with Ubuntu 18.04. Now you have to install spyder additionally for the new environment with this command (after the activation of the environment with the command above):

conda install spyder

(I have also tested the installation with pip, but for Python 3.4 or older versions, it breaks with the library dependencies error that requires manual installation.)

And now to run Spyder with Python 3.4 just type:

spyder

Spyder with Python 3.4

EDIT from a reader:

For a normal opening, use "Anaconda Prompt" > activate myenv > spyder (then the "Anaconda Prompt" must stay open, you cannot use it for other commands, and a force-close will shut down Spyder). This is of course faster than the long load of "Anaconda Navigator" > switch environment > launch Spyder (@adelriosantiago's answer).

How to write logs in text file when using java.util.logging.Logger

int SIZE = "<intialize-here>"
int ROTATIONCOUNT = "<intialize-here>"

Handler handler = new FileHandler("test.log", SIZE, LOG_ROTATIONCOUNT);
logger.addHandler(handler);     // for your code.. 

// you can also set logging levels
Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getName()).log(Level.[...]).addHandler(handler);

Radio Buttons ng-checked with ng-model

[Personal Option] Avoiding using $scope, based on John Papa Angular Style Guide

so my idea is take advantage of the current model:

_x000D_
_x000D_
(function(){_x000D_
  'use strict';_x000D_
  _x000D_
   var app = angular.module('way', [])_x000D_
   app.controller('Decision', Decision);_x000D_
_x000D_
   Decision.$inject = [];     _x000D_
_x000D_
   function Decision(){_x000D_
     var vm = this;_x000D_
     vm.checkItOut = _register;_x000D_
_x000D_
     function _register(newOption){_x000D_
       console.log('should I stay or should I go');_x000D_
       console.log(newOption);  _x000D_
     }_x000D_
   }_x000D_
_x000D_
     _x000D_
     _x000D_
})();
_x000D_
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.23/angular.min.js"></script>_x000D_
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>_x000D_
<div ng-app="way">_x000D_
  <div ng-controller="Decision as vm">_x000D_
    <form name="myCheckboxTest" ng-submit="vm.checkItOut(decision)">_x000D_
 <label class="radio-inline">_x000D_
  <input type="radio" name="option" ng-model="decision.myWay"_x000D_
                           ng-value="false" ng-checked="!decision.myWay"> Should I stay?_x000D_
                </label>_x000D_
                <label class="radio-inline">_x000D_
                    <input type="radio" name="option" ng-value="true"_x000D_
                           ng-model="decision.myWay" > Should I go?_x000D_
                </label>_x000D_
  _x000D_
</form>_x000D_
  </div>_x000D_
  _x000D_
</div>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

I hope I could help ;)

Read .csv file in C

A complete example which leaves the fields as NULL-terminated strings in the original input buffer and provides access to them via an array of char pointers. The CSV processor has been confirmed to work with fields enclosed in "double quotes", ignoring any delimiter chars within them.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// adjust BUFFER_SIZE to suit longest line 
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024 * 1024
#define NUM_FIELDS 10
#define MAXERRS 5
#define RET_OK 0
#define RET_FAIL 1
#define FALSE 0
#define TRUE 1

// char* array will point to fields
char *pFields[NUM_FIELDS];
// field offsets into pFields array:
#define LP          0
#define IMIE        1
#define NAZWISKo    2
#define ULICA       3
#define NUMER       4
#define KOD         5
#define MIEJSCOw    6
#define TELEFON     7
#define EMAIL       8
#define DATA_UR     9

long loadFile(FILE *pFile, long *errcount);
static int  loadValues(char *line, long lineno);
static char delim;

long loadFile(FILE *pFile, long *errcount){

    char sInputBuf [BUFFER_SIZE];
    long lineno = 0L;

    if(pFile == NULL)
        return RET_FAIL;

    while (!feof(pFile)) {

        // load line into static buffer
        if(fgets(sInputBuf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, pFile)==NULL)
            break;

        // skip first line (headers)
        if(++lineno==1)
            continue;

        // jump over empty lines
        if(strlen(sInputBuf)==0)
            continue;
        // set pFields array pointers to null-terminated string fields in sInputBuf
        if(loadValues(sInputBuf,lineno)==RET_FAIL){
           (*errcount)++;
            if(*errcount > MAXERRS)
                break;
        } else {    
            // On return pFields array pointers point to loaded fields ready for load into DB or whatever
            // Fields can be accessed via pFields, e.g.
            printf("lp=%s, imie=%s, data_ur=%s\n", pFields[LP], pFields[IMIE], pFields[DATA_UR]);
        }
    }
    return lineno;
}


static int  loadValues(char *line, long lineno){
    if(line == NULL)
        return RET_FAIL;

    // chop of last char of input if it is a CR or LF (e.g.Windows file loading in Unix env.)
    // can be removed if sure fgets has removed both CR and LF from end of line
    if(*(line + strlen(line)-1) == '\r' || *(line + strlen(line)-1) == '\n')
        *(line + strlen(line)-1) = '\0';
    if(*(line + strlen(line)-1) == '\r' || *(line + strlen(line)-1 )== '\n')
        *(line + strlen(line)-1) = '\0';

    char *cptr = line;
    int fld = 0;
    int inquote = FALSE;
    char ch;

    pFields[fld]=cptr;
    while((ch=*cptr) != '\0' && fld < NUM_FIELDS){
        if(ch == '"') {
            if(! inquote)
                pFields[fld]=cptr+1;
            else {
                *cptr = '\0';               // zero out " and jump over it
            }
            inquote = ! inquote;
        } else if(ch == delim && ! inquote){
            *cptr = '\0';                   // end of field, null terminate it
            pFields[++fld]=cptr+1;
        }
        cptr++;
    }   
    if(fld > NUM_FIELDS-1){
        fprintf(stderr, "Expected field count (%d) exceeded on line %ld\n", NUM_FIELDS, lineno);
        return RET_FAIL;
    } else if (fld < NUM_FIELDS-1){
        fprintf(stderr, "Expected field count (%d) not reached on line %ld\n", NUM_FIELDS, lineno);
        return RET_FAIL;    
    }
    return RET_OK;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
   FILE *fp;
   long errcount = 0L;
   long lines = 0L;

   if(argc!=3){
       printf("Usage: %s csvfilepath delimiter\n", basename(argv[0]));
       return (RET_FAIL);
   }   
   if((delim=argv[2][0])=='\0'){
       fprintf(stderr,"delimiter must be specified\n");
       return (RET_FAIL);
   }
   fp = fopen(argv[1] , "r");
   if(fp == NULL) {
      fprintf(stderr,"Error opening file: %d\n",errno);
      return(RET_FAIL);
   }
   lines=loadFile(fp,&errcount);
   fclose(fp);
   printf("Processed %ld lines, encountered %ld error(s)\n", lines, errcount);
   if(errcount>0)
        return(RET_FAIL);
    return(RET_OK); 
}

Convert int to a bit array in .NET

int value = 3;

var array = Convert.ToString(value, 2).PadLeft(8, '0').ToArray();

How does one capture a Mac's command key via JavaScript?

if you use Vuejs, just make it by vue-shortkey plugin, everything will be simple

https://www.npmjs.com/package/vue-shortkey

v-shortkey="['meta', 'enter']"·
@shortkey="metaEnterTrigged"

Passing data from controller to view in Laravel

In Laravel 5.6:

$variable = model_name::find($id);
return view('view')->with ('variable',$variable);

Redirecting to a relative URL in JavaScript

I'm trying to redirect my current web site to other section on the same page, using JavaScript. This follow code work for me:

location.href='/otherSection'

How do I replace NA values with zeros in an R dataframe?

If you want to replace NAs in factor variables, this might be useful:

n <- length(levels(data.vector))+1

data.vector <- as.numeric(data.vector)
data.vector[is.na(data.vector)] <- n
data.vector <- as.factor(data.vector)
levels(data.vector) <- c("level1","level2",...,"leveln", "NAlevel") 

It transforms a factor-vector into a numeric vector and adds another artifical numeric factor level, which is then transformed back to a factor-vector with one extra "NA-level" of your choice.

CSS3 transform not working

This is merely an educated guess without seeing the rest of your HTML/CSS:

Have you applied display: block or display: inline-block to li a? If not, try it.

Otherwise, try applying the CSS3 transform rules to li instead.

When should I use double or single quotes in JavaScript?

Section 7.8.4 of the specification describes literal string notation. The only difference is that DoubleStringCharacter is "SourceCharacter but not double-quote" and SingleStringCharacter is "SourceCharacter but not single-quote". So the only difference can be demonstrated thusly:

'A string that\'s single quoted'

"A string that's double quoted"

So it depends on how much quote escaping you want to do. Obviously the same applies to double quotes in double quoted strings.

How do you cast a List of supertypes to a List of subtypes?

Simply casting to List<TestB> almost works; but it doesn't work because you can't cast a generic type of one parameter to another. However, you can cast through an intermediate wildcard type and it will be allowed (since you can cast to and from wildcard types, just with an unchecked warning):

List<TestB> variable = (List<TestB>)(List<?>) collectionOfListA;

Accessing certain pixel RGB value in openCV

uchar * value = img2.data; //Pointer to the first pixel data ,it's return array in all values 
int r = 2;
for (size_t i = 0; i < img2.cols* (img2.rows * img2.channels()); i++)
{

        if (r > 2) r = 0;

        if (r == 0) value[i] = 0;
        if (r == 1)value[i] =  0;
        if (r == 2)value[i] = 255;

        r++;
}

tsc throws `TS2307: Cannot find module` for a local file

In my case ,

   //app.UseWebpackDevMiddleware(new WebpackDevMiddlewareOptions
            //{
            //    HotModuleReplacement = true
            //});

i commented it in startup.cs

Android emulator not able to access the internet

set DNS 8.8.4.4 and run emulator -avd react-native-device -dns-server 8.8.4.4

this work for me

How to check the presence of php and apache on ubuntu server through ssh

How to tell on Ubuntu if apache2 is running:

sudo service apache2 status

/etc/init.d/apache2 status

ps aux | grep apache

Pandas - replacing column values

Yes, you are using it incorrectly, Series.replace() is not inplace operation by default, it returns the replaced dataframe/series, you need to assign it back to your dataFrame/Series for its effect to occur. Or if you need to do it inplace, you need to specify the inplace keyword argument as True Example -

data['sex'].replace(0, 'Female',inplace=True)
data['sex'].replace(1, 'Male',inplace=True)

Also, you can combine the above into a single replace function call by using list for both to_replace argument as well as value argument , Example -

data['sex'].replace([0,1],['Female','Male'],inplace=True)

Example/Demo -

In [10]: data = pd.DataFrame([[1,0],[0,1],[1,0],[0,1]], columns=["sex", "split"])

In [11]: data['sex'].replace([0,1],['Female','Male'],inplace=True)

In [12]: data
Out[12]:
      sex  split
0    Male      0
1  Female      1
2    Male      0
3  Female      1

You can also use a dictionary, Example -

In [15]: data = pd.DataFrame([[1,0],[0,1],[1,0],[0,1]], columns=["sex", "split"])

In [16]: data['sex'].replace({0:'Female',1:'Male'},inplace=True)

In [17]: data
Out[17]:
      sex  split
0    Male      0
1  Female      1
2    Male      0
3  Female      1

What do Clustered and Non clustered index actually mean?

Let me offer a textbook definition on "clustering index", which is taken from 15.6.1 from Database Systems: The Complete Book:

We may also speak of clustering indexes, which are indexes on an attribute or attributes such that all of tuples with a fixed value for the search key of this index appear on roughly as few blocks as can hold them.

To understand the definition, let's take a look at Example 15.10 provided by the textbook:

A relation R(a,b) that is sorted on attribute a and stored in that order, packed into blocks, is surely clusterd. An index on a is a clustering index, since for a given a-value a1, all the tuples with that value for a are consecutive. They thus appear packed into blocks, execept possibly for the first and last blocks that contain a-value a1, as suggested in Fig.15.14. However, an index on b is unlikely to be clustering, since the tuples with a fixed b-value will be spread all over the file unless the values of a and b are very closely correlated.

Fig 15.14

Note that the definition does not enforce the data blocks have to be contiguous on the disk; it only says tuples with the search key are packed into as few data blocks as possible.

A related concept is clustered relation. A relation is "clustered" if its tuples are packed into roughly as few blocks as can possibly hold those tuples. In other words, from a disk block perspective, if it contains tuples from different relations, then those relations cannot be clustered (i.e., there is a more packed way to store such relation by swapping the tuples of that relation from other disk blocks with the tuples the doesn't belong to the relation in the current disk block). Clearly, R(a,b) in example above is clustered.

To connect two concepts together, a clustered relation can have a clustering index and nonclustering index. However, for non-clustered relation, clustering index is not possible unless the index is built on top of the primary key of the relation.

"Cluster" as a word is spammed across all abstraction levels of database storage side (three levels of abstraction: tuples, blocks, file). A concept called "clustered file", which describes whether a file (an abstraction for a group of blocks (one or more disk blocks)) contains tuples from one relation or different relations. It doesn't relate to the clustering index concept as it is on file level.

However, some teaching material likes to define clustering index based on the clustered file definition. Those two types of definitions are the same on clustered relation level, no matter whether they define clustered relation in terms of data disk block or file. From the link in this paragraph,

An index on attribute(s) A on a file is a clustering index when: All tuples with attribute value A = a are stored sequentially (= consecutively) in the data file

Storing tuples consecutively is the same as saying "tuples are packed into roughly as few blocks as can possibly hold those tuples" (with minor difference on one talking about file, the other talking about disk). It's because storing tuple consecutively is the way to achieve "packed into roughly as few blocks as can possibly hold those tuples".

Set object property using reflection

You can try this out when you want to mass-assign properties of an Object from another Object using Property names:

public static void Assign(this object destination, object source)
    {
        if (destination is IEnumerable && source is IEnumerable)
        {
            var dest_enumerator = (destination as IEnumerable).GetEnumerator();
            var src_enumerator = (source as IEnumerable).GetEnumerator();
            while (dest_enumerator.MoveNext() && src_enumerator.MoveNext())
                dest_enumerator.Current.Assign(src_enumerator.Current);
        }
        else
        {
            var destProperties = destination.GetType().GetProperties();
            foreach (var sourceProperty in source.GetType().GetProperties())
            {
                foreach (var destProperty in destProperties)
                {
                    if (destProperty.Name == sourceProperty.Name && destProperty.PropertyType.IsAssignableFrom(sourceProperty.PropertyType))
                    {
                        destProperty.SetValue(destination,     sourceProperty.GetValue(source, new object[] { }), new object[] { });
                        break;
            }
        }
    }
}

How to set border's thickness in percentages?

Box Sizing
set the box sizing to border box box-sizing: border-box; and set the width to 100% and a fixed width for the border then add a min-width so for a small screen the border won't overtake the whole screen

How to unpack an .asar file?

From the asar documentation

(the use of npx here is to avoid to install the asar tool globally with npm install -g asar)

Extract the whole archive:

npx asar extract app.asar destfolder 

Extract a particular file:

npx asar extract-file app.asar main.js

How to change sa password in SQL Server 2008 express?

I didn't know the existing sa password so this is what I did:

  1. Open Services in Control Panel

  2. Find the "SQL Server (SQLEXPRESS)" entry and select properties

  3. Stop the service

  4. Enter "-m" at the beginning of the "Start parameters" fields. If there are other parameters there already add a semi-colon after -m;

  5. Start the service

  6. Open a Command Prompt

Enter the command:

osql -S YourPcName\SQLEXPRESS -E

(change YourPcName to whatever your PC is called).

  1. At the prompt type the following commands:
alter login sa enable
go
sp_password NULL,'new_password','sa'
go
quit
  1. Stop the "SQL Server (SQLEXPRESS)" service

  2. Remove the "-m" from the Start parameters field

  3. Start the service

PHP, Get tomorrows date from date

First, coming up with correct abstractions is always a key. key to readability, maintainability, and extendability.

Here, quite obvious candidate is an ISO8601DateTime. There are at least two implementations: first one is a parsed datetime from a string, and the second one is tomorrow. Hence, there are two classes that can be used, and their combination results in (almost) desired outcome:

new Tomorrow(new FromISO8601('2013-01-22'));

Both objects are an ISO8601 datetime, so their textual representation is not exactly what you need. So the final stroke is to make them take a date-form:

new Date(
    new Tomorrow(
        new FromISO8601('2013-01-22')
    )
);

Since you need a textual representation, not just an object, you invoke a value() method.

For more about this approach, take a look at this post.

How to delete a record in Django models?

you can delete the objects directly from the admin panel or else there is also an option to delete specific or selected id from an interactive shell by typing in python3 manage.py shell (python3 in Linux). If you want the user to delete the objects through the browser (with provided visual interface) e.g. of an employee whose ID is 6 from the database, we can achieve this with the following code, emp = employee.objects.get(id=6).delete()

THIS WILL DELETE THE EMPLOYEE WITH THE ID is 6.

If you wish to delete the all of the employees exist in the DB instead of get(), specify all() as follows: employee.objects.all().delete()

How to install gdb (debugger) in Mac OSX El Capitan?

It seems that MacPorts could be installed in El Capitan right now: https://www.macports.org/install.php Then you probably can install gdb by link you mentioned.

How to find NSDocumentDirectory in Swift?

For everyone who looks example that works with Swift 2.2, Abizern code with modern do try catch handle of error

func databaseURL() -> NSURL? {

    let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()

    let urls = fileManager.URLsForDirectory(.DocumentDirectory, inDomains: .UserDomainMask)

    if let documentDirectory:NSURL = urls.first { // No use of as? NSURL because let urls returns array of NSURL
        // This is where the database should be in the documents directory
        let finalDatabaseURL = documentDirectory.URLByAppendingPathComponent("OurFile.plist")

        if finalDatabaseURL.checkResourceIsReachableAndReturnError(nil) {
            // The file already exists, so just return the URL
            return finalDatabaseURL
        } else {
            // Copy the initial file from the application bundle to the documents directory
            if let bundleURL = NSBundle.mainBundle().URLForResource("OurFile", withExtension: "plist") {

                do {
                    try fileManager.copyItemAtURL(bundleURL, toURL: finalDatabaseURL)
                } catch let error as NSError  {// Handle the error
                    print("Couldn't copy file to final location! Error:\(error.localisedDescription)")
                }

            } else {
                print("Couldn't find initial database in the bundle!")
            }
        }
    } else {
        print("Couldn't get documents directory!")
    }

    return nil
}

Update I've missed that new swift 2.0 have guard(Ruby unless analog), so with guard it is much shorter and more readable

func databaseURL() -> NSURL? {

let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urls = fileManager.URLsForDirectory(.DocumentDirectory, inDomains: .UserDomainMask)

// If array of path is empty the document folder not found
guard urls.count != 0 else {
    return nil
}

let finalDatabaseURL = urls.first!.URLByAppendingPathComponent("OurFile.plist")
// Check if file reachable, and if reacheble just return path
guard finalDatabaseURL.checkResourceIsReachableAndReturnError(nil) else {
    // Check if file is exists in bundle folder
    if let bundleURL = NSBundle.mainBundle().URLForResource("OurFile", withExtension: "plist") {
        // if exist we will copy it
        do {
            try fileManager.copyItemAtURL(bundleURL, toURL: finalDatabaseURL)
        } catch let error as NSError { // Handle the error
            print("File copy failed! Error:\(error.localizedDescription)")
        }
    } else {
        print("Our file not exist in bundle folder")
        return nil
    }
    return finalDatabaseURL
}
return finalDatabaseURL 
}

Regex to validate JSON

I realize that this is from over 6 years ago. However, I think there is a solution that nobody here has mentioned that is way easier than regexing

function isAJSON(string) {
    try {
        JSON.parse(string)  
    } catch(e) {
        if(e instanceof SyntaxError) return false;
    };  
    return true;
}

Python division

In Python 2.7, the / operator is an integer division if inputs are integers:

>>>20/15
1

>>>20.0/15.0
1.33333333333

>>>20.0/15
1.33333333333

In Python 3.3, the / operator is a float division even if the inputs are integer.

>>> 20/15
1.33333333333

>>>20.0/15
1.33333333333

For integer division in Python 3, we will use the // operator.

The // operator is an integer division operator in both Python 2.7 and Python 3.3.

In Python 2.7 and Python 3.3:

>>>20//15
1

Now, see the comparison

>>>a = 7.0/4.0
>>>b = 7/4
>>>print a == b

For the above program, the output will be False in Python 2.7 and True in Python 3.3.

In Python 2.7 a = 1.75 and b = 1.

In Python 3.3 a = 1.75 and b = 1.75, just because / is a float division.

TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable in Python

Just continue the loop when you get None Exception,

example:

   a = None
   if a is None:
       continue
   else:
       print("do something")

This can be any iterable coming from DB or an excel file.

How to generate JAXB classes from XSD?

In Eclipse, right click on the xsd file you want to get --> Generate --> Java... --> Generator: "Schema to JAXB Java Classes".

I just faced the same problem, I had a bunch of xsd files, only one of them being the XML Root Element and it worked well what I explained above in Eclipse

Populate nested array in mongoose

You can populate multiple nested documents like this.

   Project.find(query)
    .populate({ 
      path: 'pages',
      populate: [{
       path: 'components',
       model: 'Component'
      },{
        path: 'AnotherRef',
        model: 'AnotherRef',
        select: 'firstname lastname'
      }] 
   })
   .exec(function(err, docs) {});

alert() not working in Chrome

Here is a snippet that does not need ajQuery and will enable alerts in a disabled iframe (like on codepen)

for (var i = 0; i < document.getElementsByTagName('iframe').length; i++) {
    document.getElementsByTagName('iframe')[i].setAttribute('sandbox','allow-modals');
}

Here is a codepen demo working with an alert() after this fix as well: http://codepen.io/nicholasabrams/pen/vNpoBr?editors=001

Reliable way for a Bash script to get the full path to itself

Easy to read? Below is an alternative. It ignores symlinks

#!/bin/bash
currentDir=$(
  cd $(dirname "$0")
  pwd
)

echo -n "current "
pwd
echo script $currentDir

Since I posted the above answer a couple years ago, I've evolved my practice to using this linux specific paradigm, which properly handles symlinks:

ORIGIN=$(dirname $(readlink -f $0))

Saving plots (AxesSubPlot) generated from python pandas with matplotlib's savefig

You can use ax.figure.savefig(), as suggested in a comment on the question:

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame([0, 1])
ax = df.plot.line()
ax.figure.savefig('demo-file.pdf')

This has no practical benefit over ax.get_figure().savefig() as suggested in other answers, so you can pick the option you find the most aesthetically pleasing. In fact, get_figure() simply returns self.figure:

# Source from snippet linked above
def get_figure(self):
    """Return the `.Figure` instance the artist belongs to."""
    return self.figure

Android: How to programmatically access the device serial number shown in the AVD manager (API Version 8)

Build.SERIAL can be empty or sometimes return a different value (proof 1, proof 2) than what you can see in your device's settings.

If you want a more complete and robust solution, I've compiled every possible solution I could found in a single gist. Here's a simplified version of it :

public static String getSerialNumber() {
    String serialNumber;

    try {
        Class<?> c = Class.forName("android.os.SystemProperties");
        Method get = c.getMethod("get", String.class);

        serialNumber = (String) get.invoke(c, "gsm.sn1");
        if (serialNumber.equals(""))
            serialNumber = (String) get.invoke(c, "ril.serialnumber");
        if (serialNumber.equals(""))
            serialNumber = (String) get.invoke(c, "ro.serialno");
        if (serialNumber.equals(""))
            serialNumber = (String) get.invoke(c, "sys.serialnumber");
        if (serialNumber.equals(""))
            serialNumber = Build.SERIAL;

        // If none of the methods above worked
        if (serialNumber.equals(""))
            serialNumber = null;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        serialNumber = null;
    }

    return serialNumber;
}

I try to update the gist regularly whenever I can test on a new device or Android version. Contributions are welcome too.

MessageBox with YesNoCancel - No & Cancel triggers same event

dim result as dialogresult
result = MessageBox.Show("message", "caption", MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel)
If result = DialogResult.Cancel Then
    MessageBox.Show("Cancel pressed")
ElseIf result = DialogResult.No Then
    MessageBox.Show("No pressed")
ElseIf result = DialogResult.Yes Then
    MessageBox.Show("Yes pressed")
End If

Using underscores in Java variables and method names

The reason people do it (in my experience) is to differentiate between member variables and function parameters. In Java you can have a class like this:

public class TestClass {
  int var1;

  public void func1(int var1) {
     System.out.println("Which one is it?: " + var1);
  }
}

If you made the member variable _var1 or m_var1, you wouldn't have the ambiguity in the function.

So it's a style, and I wouldn't call it bad.

Exchange Powershell - How to invoke Exchange 2010 module from inside script?

import-module Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010aTry with some implementation like:

$exchangeser = "MTLServer01"
$session = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.Exchange -ConnectionURI http://${exchangeserver}/powershell/ -Authentication kerberos
import-PSSession $session 

or

add-pssnapin Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010

How to respond with HTTP 400 error in a Spring MVC @ResponseBody method returning String?

I m using this in my spring boot application

@RequestMapping(value = "/matches/{matchId}", produces = "application/json")
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity<?> match(@PathVariable String matchId, @RequestBody String body,
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

    Product p;
    try {
      p = service.getProduct(request.getProductId());
    } catch(Exception ex) {
       return new ResponseEntity<String>(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
    }

    return new ResponseEntity(p, HttpStatus.OK);
}

What is the difference between document.location.href and document.location?

The document.location is an object that contains properties for the current location.

The href property is one of these properties, containing the complete URL, i.e. all the other properties put together.

Some browsers allow you to assign an URL to the location object and acts as if you assigned it to the href property. Some other browsers are more picky, and requires you to use the href property. Thus, to make the code work in all browsers, you have to use the href property.

Both the window and document objects has a location object. You can set the URL using either window.location.href or document.location.href. However, logically the document.location object should be read-only (as you can't change the URL of a document; changing the URL loads a new document), so to be on the safe side you should rather use window.location.href when you want to set the URL.

Inner join with count() on three tables

Your solution is nearly correct. You could add DISTINCT:

SELECT
    people.pe_name,
    COUNT(distinct orders.ord_id) AS num_orders,
    COUNT(items.item_id) AS num_items
FROM
    people
    INNER JOIN orders ON (orders.pe_id = people.pe_id)
    INNER JOIN items ON items.pe_id = people.pe_id
GROUP BY
    people.pe_id;

Get the _id of inserted document in Mongo database in NodeJS

Now you can use insertOne method and in promise's result.insertedId

What's the bad magic number error?

Deleting all .pyc files will fix "Bad Magic Number" error.

find . -name "*.pyc" -delete

HTML5 Audio stop function

This method works:

audio.pause();
audio.currentTime = 0;

But if you don't want to have to write these two lines of code every time you stop an audio you could do one of two things. The second I think is the more appropriate one and I'm not sure why the "gods of javascript standards" have not made this standard.

First method: create a function and pass the audio

function stopAudio(audio) {
    audio.pause();
    audio.currentTime = 0;
}

//then using it:
stopAudio(audio);

Second method (favoured): extend the Audio class:

Audio.prototype.stop = function() {
    this.pause();
    this.currentTime = 0;
};

I have this in a javascript file I called "AudioPlus.js" which I include in my html before any script that will be dealing with audio.

Then you can call the stop function on audio objects:

audio.stop();

FINALLY CHROME ISSUE WITH "canplaythrough":

I have not tested this in all browsers but this is a problem I came across in Chrome. If you try to set currentTime on an audio that has a "canplaythrough" event listener attached to it then you will trigger that event again which can lead to undesirable results.

So the solution, similar to all cases when you have attached an event listener that you really want to make sure it is not triggered again, is to remove the event listener after the first call. Something like this:

//note using jquery to attach the event. You can use plain javascript as well of course.
$(audio).on("canplaythrough", function() {
    $(this).off("canplaythrough");

    // rest of the code ...
});

BONUS:

Note that you can add even more custom methods to the Audio class (or any native javascript class for that matter).

For example if you wanted a "restart" method that restarted the audio it could look something like:

Audio.prototype.restart= function() {
    this.pause();
    this.currentTime = 0;
    this.play();
};

Angular2 - TypeScript : Increment a number after timeout in AppComponent

You should put your processing into the class constructor or an OnInit hook method.

Can't find keyplane that supports type 4 for keyboard iPhone-Portrait-NumberPad; using 3876877096_Portrait_iPhone-Simple-Pad_Default

In your iOS App can't find a Numeric Keypad attached to your OS X. So you just need to Uncheck connect Hardware Keyboard option in your Simulator, in the following path just for testing purpose:

Simulator -> Hardware -> Keyboard -> Connect Hardware Keyboard

This will resolve the above issue.

I think you should see the below link too. It says it's a bug in the XCode at the end of that Forum post thread!

Reference

how to sort an ArrayList in ascending order using Collections and Comparator

Use the default version:

Collections.sort(myarrayList);

Of course this requires that your Elements implement Comparable, but the same holds true for the version you mentioned.

BTW: you should use generics in your code, that way you get compile-time errors if your class doesn't implement Comparable. And compile-time errors are much better than the runtime errors you'll get otherwise.

List<MyClass> list = new ArrayList<MyClass>();
// now fill up the list

// compile error here unless MyClass implements Comparable
Collections.sort(list); 

Compiling C++11 with g++

Your Ubuntu definitely has a sufficiently recent version of g++. The flag to use is -std=c++0x.

How to use (install) dblink in PostgreSQL?

It can be added by using:

$psql -d databaseName -c "CREATE EXTENSION dblink"

Firebase FCM force onTokenRefresh() to be called

I am maintaining one flag in shared pref which indicates whether gcm token sent to server or not. In Splash screen every time I am calling one method sendDevicetokenToServer. This method checks if user id is not empty and gcm send status then send token to server.

public static void  sendRegistrationToServer(final Context context) {

if(Common.getBooleanPerf(context,Constants.isTokenSentToServer,false) ||
        Common.getStringPref(context,Constants.userId,"").isEmpty()){

    return;
}

String token =  FirebaseInstanceId.getInstance().getToken();
String userId = Common.getUserId(context);
if(!userId.isEmpty()) {
    HashMap<String, Object> reqJson = new HashMap<>();
    reqJson.put("deviceToken", token);
    ApiInterface apiService =
            ApiClient.getClient().create(ApiInterface.class);

    Call<JsonElement> call = apiService.updateDeviceToken(reqJson,Common.getUserId(context),Common.getAccessToken(context));
    call.enqueue(new Callback<JsonElement>() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(Call<JsonElement> call, Response<JsonElement> serverResponse) {

            try {
                JsonElement jsonElement = serverResponse.body();
                JSONObject response = new JSONObject(jsonElement.toString());
                if(context == null ){
                    return;
                }
                if(response.getString(Constants.statusCode).equalsIgnoreCase(Constants.responseStatusSuccess)) {

                    Common.saveBooleanPref(context,Constants.isTokenSentToServer,true);
                }
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onFailure(Call<JsonElement> call, Throwable throwable) {

            Log.d("", "RetroFit2.0 :getAppVersion: " + "eroorrrrrrrrrrrr");
            Log.e("eroooooooorr", throwable.toString());
        }
    });

}

}

In MyFirebaseInstanceIDService class

    @Override
public void onTokenRefresh() {
    // Get updated InstanceID token.
    String refreshedToken = FirebaseInstanceId.getInstance().getToken();
    Log.d(TAG, "Refreshed token: " + refreshedToken);

    // If you want to send messages to this application instance or
    // manage this apps subscriptions on the server side, send the
    // Instance ID token to your app server.
    Common.saveBooleanPref(this,Constants.isTokenSentToServer,false);
    Common.sendRegistrationToServer(this);
    FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().subscribeToTopic("bloodRequest");
}

Split output of command by columns using Bash?

Getting the correct line (example for line no. 6) is done with head and tail and the correct word (word no. 4) can be captured with awk:

command|head -n 6|tail -n 1|awk '{print $4}'

How to specify multiple return types using type-hints

In case anyone landed here in search of "how to specify types of multiple return values?", use Tuple[type_value1, ..., type_valueN]

from typing import Tuple

def f() -> Tuple[dict, str]:
    a = {1: 2}
    b = "hello"
    return a, b

More info: How to annotate types of multiple return values?

How do I make a redirect in PHP?

You can use some JavaScript methods like below

  1. self.location="http://www.example.com/index.php";

  2. window.location.href="http://www.example.com/index.php";

  3. document.location.href = 'http://www.example.com/index.php';

  4. window.location.replace("http://www.example.com/index.php");

How to exclude subdirectories in the destination while using /mir /xd switch in robocopy

Rather than creating empty directories in source to exclude, you can supply the full destination path to the /XD switch to have the destination directories untouched

robocopy "%SOURCE_PATH%" "%DEST_PATH%" /MIR /XD "%DEST_PATH%"\hq04s2dba301

C# ASP.NET Send Email via TLS

TLS (Transport Level Security) is the slightly broader term that has replaced SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) in securing HTTP communications. So what you are being asked to do is enable SSL.

can you host a private repository for your organization to use with npm?

This post talks about how to setup a private registry

  • make sure couchdb is installed in your system
  • Replicating npmjs.org use the following command

    curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:5984/_replicate -d '{"source":"http://isaacs.iriscouch.com/registry/", "target":"registry", "continuous":true, "create_target":true}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"
    

Note there is "continuous":true in the command, this utilises CouchDB’s _changes API and will pull any new changes when this API is notified.

If you ever want to stop these replications, you can easily add "cancel":true. Then the script would be

    curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:5984/_replicate -d '{"source":"http://isaacs.iriscouch.com/registry/", "target":"registry", "continuous":true, "create_target":true, "cancel":true}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"

Then go to npmjs.org readme to install npm (make sure nodejs and git is installed). Blow is all the steps

git clone git://github.com/isaacs/npmjs.org.git
cd npmjs.org
sudo npm install -g couchapp 
npm install couchapp 
npm install semver 
couchapp push registry/app.js http://localhost:5984/registry 
couchapp push www/app.js http://localhost:5984/registry 

DataGridView - Focus a specific cell

I had a similar problem. I've hidden some columns and afterwards I tried to select the first row. This didn't really work:

datagridview1.Rows[0].Selected = true;

So I tried selecting cell[0,0], but it also didn't work, because this cell was not displayed. Now my final solution is working very well:

datagridview1.SelectionMode = DataGridViewSelectionMode.FullRowSelect;    
datagridview1.CurrentCell = datagridview1.FirstDisplayedCell;

So this selects the complete first row.

How to fire a change event on a HTMLSelectElement if the new value is the same as the old?

Try this. Just add an empty option. This will solve your problem.

<select onchange="jsFunction()">
    <option></option>
    <option value="1">1</option>
    <option value="2">2</option>
    <option value="3">3</option>
</select>?

How can I import a database with MySQL from terminal?

Below command is working on ubuntu 16.04, I am not sure it is working or not other Linux platforms.

Export SQL file:

$ mysqldump -u [user_name] -p [database_name] > [database_name.sql]  

Example : mysqldump -u root -p max_development > max_development.sql

Import SQL file:

$ mysqldump -u [user_name] -p [database_name] < [file_name.sql]

Example: mysqldump -u root -p max_production < max_development.sql

Note SQL file should exist same directory

Convert a Python int into a big-endian string of bytes

In Python 3.2+, you can use int.to_bytes:

If you don't want to specify the size

>>> n = 1245427
>>> n.to_bytes((n.bit_length() + 7) // 8, 'big') or b'\0'
b'\x13\x00\xf3'

If you don't mind specifying the size

>>> (1245427).to_bytes(3, byteorder='big')
b'\x13\x00\xf3'

Simple JavaScript login form validation

  1. The input tag doesn't have onsubmit handler. Instead, you should put your onsubmit handler on actual form tag, like this:

    <form name="loginform" onsubmit="validateForm()" method="post">

    Here are some useful links:

  2. For the form tag you can specify the request method, GET or POST. By default, the method is GET. One of the differences between them is that in case of GET method, the parameters are appended to the URL (just what you have shown), while in case of POST method there are not shown in URL.

    You can read more about the differences here.

UPDATE:

You should return the function call and also you can specify the URL in action attribute of form tag. So here is the updated code:

<form name="loginform" onSubmit="return validateForm();" action="main.html" method="post">
    <label>User name</label>
    <input type="text" name="usr" placeholder="username"> 
    <label>Password</label>
    <input type="password" name="pword" placeholder="password">
    <input type="submit" value="Login"/>
</form>

<script>
    function validateForm() {
        var un = document.loginform.usr.value;
        var pw = document.loginform.pword.value;
        var username = "username"; 
        var password = "password";
        if ((un == username) && (pw == password)) {
            return true;
        }
        else {
            alert ("Login was unsuccessful, please check your username and password");
            return false;
        }
  }
</script>

Correct way to use get_or_create?

From the documentation get_or_create:

# get_or_create() a person with similar first names.

p, created = Person.objects.get_or_create(
    first_name='John',
    last_name='Lennon',
    defaults={'birthday': date(1940, 10, 9)},
)

# get_or_create() didn't have to create an object.
>>> created
False

Explanation: Fields to be evaluated for similarity, have to be mentioned outside defaults. Rest of the fields have to be included in defaults. In case CREATE event occurs, all the fields are taken into consideration.

It looks like you need to be returning into a tuple, instead of a single variable, do like this:

customer.source,created = Source.objects.get_or_create(name="Website")

What's the idiomatic syntax for prepending to a short python list?

If someone finds this question like me, here are my performance tests of proposed methods:

Python 2.7.8

In [1]: %timeit ([1]*1000000).insert(0, 0)
100 loops, best of 3: 4.62 ms per loop

In [2]: %timeit ([1]*1000000)[0:0] = [0]
100 loops, best of 3: 4.55 ms per loop

In [3]: %timeit [0] + [1]*1000000
100 loops, best of 3: 8.04 ms per loop

As you can see, insert and slice assignment are as almost twice as fast than explicit adding and are very close in results. As Raymond Hettinger noted insert is more common option and I, personally prefer this way to prepend to list.

How to plot two histograms together in R?

Plotly's R API might be useful for you. The graph below is here.

library(plotly)
#add username and key
p <- plotly(username="Username", key="API_KEY")
#generate data
x0 = rnorm(500)
x1 = rnorm(500)+1
#arrange your graph
data0 = list(x=x0,
         name = "Carrots",
         type='histogramx',
         opacity = 0.8)

data1 = list(x=x1,
         name = "Cukes",
         type='histogramx',
         opacity = 0.8)
#specify type as 'overlay'
layout <- list(barmode='overlay',
               plot_bgcolor = 'rgba(249,249,251,.85)')  
#format response, and use 'browseURL' to open graph tab in your browser.
response = p$plotly(data0, data1, kwargs=list(layout=layout))

url = response$url
filename = response$filename

browseURL(response$url)

Full disclosure: I'm on the team.

Graph

Changing route doesn't scroll to top in the new page

If you use ui-router you can use (on run)

$rootScope.$on("$stateChangeSuccess", function (event, currentState, previousState) {
    $window.scrollTo(0, 0);
});

CSS: Position text in the middle of the page

Try this CSS:

h1 {
    left: 0;
    line-height: 200px;
    margin-top: -100px;
    position: absolute;
    text-align: center;
    top: 50%;
    width: 100%;
}

jsFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/wprw3/

What is the difference between an int and an Integer in Java and C#?

In Java, the 'int' type is a primitive, whereas the 'Integer' type is an object.

In C#, the 'int' type is the same as System.Int32 and is a value type (ie more like the java 'int'). An integer (just like any other value types) can be boxed ("wrapped") into an object.


The differences between objects and primitives are somewhat beyond the scope of this question, but to summarize:

Objects provide facilities for polymorphism, are passed by reference (or more accurately have references passed by value), and are allocated from the heap. Conversely, primitives are immutable types that are passed by value and are often allocated from the stack.

How to select an item in a ListView programmatically?

        int i=99;//is what row you want to select and focus
        listViewRamos.FocusedItem = listViewRamos.Items[0];
        listViewRamos.Items[i].Selected = true;
        listViewRamos.Select();
        listViewRamos.EnsureVisible(i);//This is the trick

I want to truncate a text or line with ellipsis using JavaScript

Something like:

var line = "foo bar lol";
line.substring(0, 5) + '...' // gives "foo b..."

Stop Visual Studio from mixing line endings in files

With VS2010+ there is a plugin solution: Line Endings Unifier.

With the plugin installed you can right click files and folders in the solution explorer and invoke the menu item Unify Line Endings in this file

Configuration for this is available via

Tools -> Options -> Line Endings Unifier.

The default file extension list that is included is pretty narrow:

 .cpp; .c; .h; .hpp; .cs; .js; .vb; .txt;

Might want to use something like:

 .cpp; .c; .h; .hpp; .cs; .js; .vb; .txt; .scss; .coffee; .ts; .jsx; .markdown; .config

Bulk Insert to Oracle using .NET

Oracle says (http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/utilities/htdocs/sql_loader_overview.html)

SQL*Loader is the primary method for quickly populating Oracle tables with data from external files

My experience is that their loader loads their tables faster than anything else.

The Network Adapter could not establish the connection when connecting with Oracle DB

If it is on a Linux box, I would suggest you add the database IP name and IP resolution to the /etc/hosts.

I have the same error and when we do the above, it works fine.

What's the best way to add a full screen background image in React Native

If you want to add a background image you can do so by using but first you have to import this from 'react-native' as follows:

import {ImageBackground} from 'react-native';

then:

    export default function App() {
    
    return (
        <View style={styles.body}>

            <ImageBackground source={require('./path/to/yourimage')} style={styles.backgroungImage}>
                <View style={styles.container}>Hello world!
                </View>
            </ImageBackground>
        </View>
    );
}

    const styles = StyleSheet.create({
    backgroungImage: {
    flex: 1,
    maxWidth: '100%',
  }
});

Git Bash doesn't see my PATH

Got it. As a Windows user, I'm used to type executable names without extensions. In my case, I wanted to execute a file called cup.bat. In a Windows shell, typing cup would be enough. Bash doesn't work this way, it wants the full name. Typing cup.bat solved the problem. (I wasn't able to run the file though, since apparently bash couldn't understand its contents)

One more reason to switch to posh-git..

Thanks @Tom for pointing me to the right direction.

How to store Node.js deployment settings/configuration files?

Much later, I found a pretty good Node.js module for managing configuration: nconf.

A simple example:

var nconf = require('nconf');

// First consider commandline arguments and environment variables, respectively.
nconf.argv().env();

// Then load configuration from a designated file.
nconf.file({ file: 'config.json' });

// Provide default values for settings not provided above.
nconf.defaults({
    'http': {
        'port': 1337
    }
});

// Once this is in place, you can just use nconf.get to get your settings.
// So this would configure `myApp` to listen on port 1337 if the port
// has not been overridden by any of the three configuration inputs
// mentioned above.
myApp.listen(nconf.get('http:port'));

It also supports storing settings in Redis, writing configuration files, and has a fairly solid API, and is also backed by one of the more well-respected Node.js shops, Nodejitsu, as part of the Flatiron framework initiative, so it should be fairly future-proof.

Check out nconf at Github.

PHP CSV string to array

A modification of previous answers using array_map.
Blow up the CSV data with multiple lines.

$csv = array_map('str_getcsv', explode("\n", $csvData));

Convert column classes in data.table

This is a BAD way to do it! I'm only leaving this answer in case it solves other weird problems. These better methods are the probably partly the result of newer data.table versions... so it's worth while to document this hard way. Plus, this is a nice syntax example for eval substitute syntax.

library(data.table)
dt <- data.table(ID = c(rep("A", 5), rep("B",5)), 
                 fac1 = c(1:5, 1:5), 
                 fac2 = c(1:5, 1:5) * 2, 
                 val1 = rnorm(10),
                 val2 = rnorm(10))

names_factors = c('fac1', 'fac2')
names_values = c('val1', 'val2')

for (col in names_factors){
  e = substitute(X := as.factor(X), list(X = as.symbol(col)))
  dt[ , eval(e)]
}
for (col in names_values){
  e = substitute(X := as.numeric(X), list(X = as.symbol(col)))
  dt[ , eval(e)]
}

str(dt)

which gives you

Classes ‘data.table’ and 'data.frame':  10 obs. of  5 variables:
 $ ID  : chr  "A" "A" "A" "A" ...
 $ fac1: Factor w/ 5 levels "1","2","3","4",..: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
 $ fac2: Factor w/ 5 levels "2","4","6","8",..: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
 $ val1: num  0.0459 2.0113 0.5186 -0.8348 -0.2185 ...
 $ val2: num  -0.0688 0.6544 0.267 -0.1322 -0.4893 ...
 - attr(*, ".internal.selfref")=<externalptr> 

Check if returned value is not null and if so assign it, in one line, with one method call

Same principle as Loki's answer but shorter. Just keep in mind that shorter doesn't automatically mean better.

dinner = Optional.ofNullable(cage.getChicken())
  .orElse(getFreerangeChicken());

Note: This usage of Optional is explicitly discouraged by the architects of the JDK and the designers of the Optional feature. You are allocating a fresh object and immediately throwing it away every time. But on the other hand it can be quite readable.

nuget 'packages' element is not declared warning

You will see it only when the file is open. When you'll close the file in Visual Studio the warnings goes away

http://nuget.codeplex.com/discussions/261638

What does the "More Columns than Column Names" error mean?

For the Germans:

you have to change your decimal commas into a Full stop in your csv-file (in Excel:File -> Options -> Advanced -> "Decimal seperator") , then the error is solved.

how do I use an enum value on a switch statement in C++

The user's input will always be given to you in the form of a string of characters... if you want to convert the user's input from a string to an integer, you'll need to supply the code to do that. If the user types in a number (e.g. "1"), you can pass the string to atoi() to get the integer corresponding to the string. If the user types in an english string (e.g. "EASY") then you'll need to check for that string (e.g. with strcmp()) and assign the appropriate integer value to your variable based on which check matches. Once you have an integer value that was derived from the user's input string, you can pass it into the switch() statement as usual.

How to add content to html body using JS?

In most browsers, you can use a javascript variable instead of using document.getElementById. Say your html body content is like this:

<section id="mySection"> Hello </section>

Then you can just refer to mySection as a variable in javascript:

mySection.innerText += ', world'
// same as: document.getElementById('mySection').innerText += ', world'

See this snippet:

_x000D_
_x000D_
mySection.innerText += ', world!'
_x000D_
<section id="mySection"> Hello </section>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_

What uses are there for "placement new"?

I've used it for storing objects with memory mapped files.
The specific example was an image database which processed vey large numbers of large images (more than could fit in memory).

VBA Subscript out of range - error 9

Subscript out of Range error occurs when you try to reference an Index for a collection that is invalid.

Most likely, the index in Windows does not actually include .xls. The index for the window should be the same as the name of the workbook displayed in the title bar of Excel.

As a guess, I would try using this:

Windows("Data Sheet - " & ComboBox_Month.Value & " " & TextBox_Year.Value).Activate