How do I install a plugin for vim?
To expand on Karl's reply, Vim looks in a specific set of directories for its runtime files. You can see that set of directories via :set runtimepath?
. In order to tell Vim to also look inside ~/.vim/vim-haml
you'll want to add
set runtimepath+=$HOME/.vim/vim-haml
to your ~/.vimrc
. You'll likely also want the following in your ~/.vimrc
to enable all the functionality provided by vim-haml.
filetype plugin indent on
syntax on
You can refer to the 'runtimepath'
and :filetype
help topics in Vim for more information.
How to verify if nginx is running or not?
None of the above answers worked for me so let me share my experience. I am running nginx in a docker container that has a port mapping (hostPort:containerPort) - 80:80
The above answers are giving me strange console output. Only the good old 'nmap' is working flawlessly even catching the nginx version. The command working for me is:
nmap -sV localhost -p 80
We are doing nmap using the -ServiceVersion switch on the localhost and port: 80. It works great for me.
Making div content responsive
try this css:
/* Show in default resolution screen*/
#container2 {
width: 960px;
position: relative;
margin:0 auto;
line-height: 1.4em;
}
/* If in mobile screen with maximum width 479px. The iPhone screen resolution is 320x480 px (except iPhone4, 640x960) */
@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){
#container2 { width: 90%; }
}
Here the demo: http://jsfiddle.net/ongisnade/CG9WN/
Label python data points on plot
How about print (x, y)
at once.
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
A = -0.75, -0.25, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0
B = 0.73, 0.97, 1.0, 0.97, 0.88, 0.73, 0.54
plt.plot(A,B)
for xy in zip(A, B): # <--
ax.annotate('(%s, %s)' % xy, xy=xy, textcoords='data') # <--
plt.grid()
plt.show()
How to call getResources() from a class which has no context?
A Context is a handle to the system; it provides services like resolving resources, obtaining access to databases and preferences, and so on. It is an "interface" that allows access to application specific resources and class and information about application environment. Your activities and services also extend Context to they inherit all those methods to access the environment information in which the application is running.
This means you must have to pass context to the specific class if you want to get/modify some specific information about the resources.
You can pass context in the constructor like
public classname(Context context, String s1)
{
...
}
Send form data with jquery ajax json
Sending data from formfields back to the server (php) is usualy done by the POST method which can be found back in the superglobal array $_POST inside PHP. There is no need to transform it to JSON before you send it to the server. Little example:
<?php
if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST')
{
echo '<pre>';
print_r($_POST);
}
?>
<form action="" method="post">
<input type="text" name="email" value="[email protected]" />
<button type="submit">Send!</button>
With AJAX you are able to do exactly the same thing, only without page refresh.
How to run Ruby code from terminal?
If Ruby is installed, then
ruby yourfile.rb
where yourfile.rb
is the file containing the ruby code.
Or
irb
to start the interactive Ruby environment, where you can type lines of code and see the results immediately.
In git, what is the difference between merge --squash and rebase?
Merge commits: retains all of the commits in your branch and interleaves them with commits on the base branch
Merge Squash: retains the changes but omits the individual commits from history
Rebase: This moves the entire feature branch to begin on the tip of the master branch, effectively incorporating all of the new commits in master
More on here
Java HashMap: How to get a key and value by index?
You can iterate over keys by calling map.keySet()
, or iterate over the entries by calling map.entrySet()
. Iterating over entries will probably be faster.
for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : map.entrySet()) {
List<String> list = entry.getValue();
// Do things with the list
}
If you want to ensure that you iterate over the keys in the same order you inserted them then use a LinkedHashMap
.
By the way, I'd recommend changing the declared type of the map to <String, List<String>>
. Always best to declare types in terms of the interface rather than the implementation.
ToList().ForEach in Linq
As xanatos said, this is a misuse of ForEach.
If you are going to use linq to handle this, I would do it like this:
var departments = employees.SelectMany(x => x.Departments);
foreach (var item in departments)
{
item.SomeProperty = null;
}
collection.AddRange(departments);
However, the Loop approach is more readable and therefore more maintainable.
Spring Boot Rest Controller how to return different HTTP status codes?
A nice way is to use Spring's ResponseStatusException
Rather than returning a ResponseEntity
or similar you simply throw the ResponseStatusException
from the controller with an HttpStatus
and cause, for example:
throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "Cause description here");
or:
throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Cause description here");
This results in a response to the client containing the HTTP status (e.g. 400 Bad request) with a body like:
{
"timestamp": "2020-07-09T04:43:04.695+0000",
"status": 400,
"error": "Bad Request",
"message": "Cause description here",
"path": "/test-api/v1/search"
}
Re-doing a reverted merge in Git
Instead of using git-revert
you could have used this command in the devel
branch to throw away (undo) the wrong merge commit (instead of just reverting it).
git checkout devel
git reset --hard COMMIT_BEFORE_WRONG_MERGE
This will also adjust the contents of the working directory accordingly. Be careful:
- Save your changes in the develop branch (since the wrong merge) because they
too will be erased by the
git-reset
. All commits after the one you specify as
the git reset
argument will be gone!
- Also, don't do this if your changes were already pulled from other repositories
because the reset will rewrite history.
I recommend to study the git-reset
man-page carefully before trying this.
Now, after the reset you can re-apply your changes in devel
and then do
git checkout devel
git merge 28s
This will be a real merge from 28s
into devel
like the initial one (which is now
erased from git's history).
RegEx to make sure that the string contains at least one lower case char, upper case char, digit and symbol
If you need one single regex, try:
(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\W)
A short explanation:
(?=.*[a-z]) // use positive look ahead to see if at least one lower case letter exists
(?=.*[A-Z]) // use positive look ahead to see if at least one upper case letter exists
(?=.*\d) // use positive look ahead to see if at least one digit exists
(?=.*\W]) // use positive look ahead to see if at least one non-word character exists
And I agree with SilentGhost, \W
might be a bit broad. I'd replace it with a character set like this: [-+_!@#$%^&*.,?]
(feel free to add more of course!)
There isn't anything to compare. Nothing to compare, branches are entirely different commit histories
Terminology
First, let's get some terminology out of the way...
upstream <= The remote git repo (likely whose master or release branch is in production)
forked-repo <= The remote [experimental git repo] (https://docs.github.com/en/github/getting-started-with-github/fork-a-repo) also known as "origin".
local repo <= The files and directories that you work with on your local workstaion, which you likely got by running a git clone my-forked-repo.git
command
local index <= Also known as your local git "stage", i.e., where you stage your files before pushing them to you remote repo.
Github workflow process
Next, let's talk about the process of getting your changes to the upstream repo:
The process is generally to work on a feature branch and then push said branch, and open a Pull Request, either to your forked-repo's master branch or to the upstream's master branch
Create a feature branch by running git checkout -b FEATURE_BRANCH_NAME
Add/delete/modify files project files.
Add files by running git add .
Commit your files to your index by running git commit -m'My commit message'
Push your staged files by running git push origin FEATURE_BRANCH_NAME
Solution for entirely different commit histories
The master and upstreambranch are entirely different commit histories message can occur when you've forked a git repository and have changed your git history.
For example, if you fork a repo and pull your forked repo to work on it locally...
If then you decide to rewrite the entire application and then decide it's a good idea to deleting all existing files, including the forked-repo's .git directory. You add new files and directories to recreate your app and also recreate your .git directory with git init
command.
Now, your application works great with your new files and you want to get it merged into the upstream repo. However, when you push your changes you get that "...entirely different commit histories..." error message.
You'll see that your original git commit will be different in your new local directory and if in your remote fork (as well as your upstream). Check this out by running this command in your current directory: git log --reverse master
. Then running the following: pushd $(mktemp -d); git clone https://github.com/my-forking-username/my-forked-repo.git; git log --reverse master; popd
You must fix your local .git repo to match your remote my-forked-repo if you want to push your commits and subsequently perform a pull request (in hopes of merging your new updates to the upstream/master branch).
git clone https://github.com/my-forking-username/my-forked-repo.git
cd my-forked-repo
git checkout -b my-new-files-branch-name
# Delete all files and directories except for the .git directory
git add .
git commit -m'Remove old files'
# Copy your new files to this my-forked-repo directory
git add .
git commit -m'Add new files'
git push origin my-new-files-branch-name
Create a PR on GitHub and request to merge your my-new-files-branch-name branch in your my-forked-repo into master.
Note: The "...entirely different commit histories..." error message can also occur in non-forked repos for the same reasons and can be fixed with the same solution above.
How to get user agent in PHP
You can use the jQuery ajax method link if you want to pass data from client to server.
In this case you can use $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
variable to found browser user agent.
Get rid of "The value for annotation attribute must be a constant expression" message
This is what a constant expression in Java looks like:
package com.mycompany.mypackage;
public class MyLinks {
// constant expression
public static final String GUESTBOOK_URL = "/guestbook";
}
You can use it with annotations as following:
import com.mycompany.mypackage.MyLinks;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = {MyLinks.GUESTBOOK_URL})
public class GuestbookServlet extends HttpServlet {
// ...
}
How to check if IEnumerable is null or empty?
Sure you could write that:
public static class Utils {
public static bool IsAny<T>(this IEnumerable<T> data) {
return data != null && data.Any();
}
}
however, be cautious that not all sequences are repeatable; generally I prefer to only walk them once, just in case.
Remove carriage return in Unix
I'm going to assume you mean carriage returns (CR, "\r"
, 0x0d
) at the ends of lines rather than just blindly within a file (you may have them in the middle of strings for all I know). Using this test file with a CR at the end of the first line only:
$ cat infile
hello
goodbye
$ cat infile | od -c
0000000 h e l l o \r \n g o o d b y e \n
0000017
dos2unix
is the way to go if it's installed on your system:
$ cat infile | dos2unix -U | od -c
0000000 h e l l o \n g o o d b y e \n
0000016
If for some reason dos2unix
is not available to you, then sed
will do it:
$ cat infile | sed 's/\r$//' | od -c
0000000 h e l l o \n g o o d b y e \n
0000016
If for some reason sed
is not available to you, then ed
will do it, in a complicated way:
$ echo ',s/\r\n/\n/
> w !cat
> Q' | ed infile 2>/dev/null | od -c
0000000 h e l l o \n g o o d b y e \n
0000016
If you don't have any of those tools installed on your box, you've got bigger problems than trying to convert files :-)
Fastest way to iterate over all the chars in a String
Despite @Saint Hill's answer if you consider the time complexity of str.toCharArray(),
the first one is faster even for very large strings. You can run the code below to see it for yourself.
char [] ch = new char[1_000_000_00];
String str = new String(ch); // to create a large string
// ---> from here
long currentTime = System.nanoTime();
for (int i = 0, n = str.length(); i < n; i++) {
char c = str.charAt(i);
}
// ---> to here
System.out.println("str.charAt(i):"+(System.nanoTime()-currentTime)/1000000.0 +" (ms)");
/**
* ch = str.toCharArray() itself takes lots of time
*/
// ---> from here
currentTime = System.nanoTime();
ch = str.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0, n = str.length(); i < n; i++) {
char c = ch[i];
}
// ---> to here
System.out.println("ch = str.toCharArray() + c = ch[i] :"+(System.nanoTime()-currentTime)/1000000.0 +" (ms)");
output:
str.charAt(i):5.492102 (ms)
ch = str.toCharArray() + c = ch[i] :79.400064 (ms)
Difference between readFile() and readFileSync()
fs.readFile takes a call back which calls response.send as you have shown - good. If you simply replace that with fs.readFileSync, you need to be aware it does not take a callback so your callback which calls response.send will never get called and therefore the response will never end and it will timeout.
You need to show your readFileSync code if you're not simply replacing readFile with readFileSync.
Also, just so you're aware, you should never call readFileSync in a node express/webserver since it will tie up the single thread loop while I/O is performed. You want the node loop to process other requests until the I/O completes and your callback handling code can run.
"SDK Platform Tools component is missing!"
OK, here is what I did to fix the problem:
Open Eclipse. Then:
Window > Android SDK and AVD Manager
> Available Packages:
> Android Repository:
+ Android SDK Tools, revision 8
+ Android SDK Platform-tools, revision 1
[Install Selected]
Remove row lines in twitter bootstrap
Got the same question from a friend. My suggestion which does not require !Important
looks like this: I add a custom class "no-border
" which can be added to the bootstrap table.
.table.no-border tr td, .table.no-border tr th {
border-width: 0;
}
You can see my go at a solution here
How do you split and unsplit a window/view in Eclipse IDE?
This is possible with the menu items Window>Editor>Toggle Split Editor.
Current shortcut for splitting is:
Azerty keyboard:
- Ctrl + _ for split horizontally, and
- Ctrl + { for split vertically.
Qwerty US keyboard:
- Ctrl + Shift + - (accessing _) for split horizontally, and
- Ctrl + Shift + [ (accessing {) for split vertically.
MacOS - Qwerty US keyboard:
- ⌘ + Shift + - (accessing _) for split horizontally, and
- ⌘ + Shift + [ (accessing {) for split vertically.
On any other keyboard if a required key is unavailable (like { on a german Qwertz keyboard), the following generic approach may work:
- Alt + ASCII code + Ctrl then release Alt
Example: ASCII for '{' = 123, so press 'Alt', '1', '2', '3', 'Ctrl' and release 'Alt', effectively typing '{' while 'Ctrl' is pressed, to split vertically.
Example of vertical split:
PS:
- The menu items Window>Editor>Toggle Split Editor were added with Eclipse Luna 4.4 M4, as mentioned by Lars Vogel in "Split editor implemented in Eclipse M4 Luna"
- The split editor is one of the oldest and most upvoted Eclipse bug! Bug 8009
- The split editor functionality has been developed in Bug 378298, and will be available as of Eclipse Luna M4. The Note & Newsworthy of Eclipse Luna M4 will contain the announcement.
How to a convert a date to a number and back again in MATLAB
Use DATESTR
>> datestr(40189)
ans =
12-Jan-0110
Unfortunately, Excel starts counting at 1-Jan-1900. Find out how to convert serial dates from Matlab to Excel by using DATENUM
>> datenum(2010,1,11)
ans =
734149
>> datenum(2010,1,11)-40189
ans =
693960
>> datestr(40189+693960)
ans =
11-Jan-2010
In other words, to convert any serial Excel date, call
datestr(excelSerialDate + 693960)
EDIT
To get the date in mm/dd/yyyy format, call datestr
with the specified format
excelSerialDate = 40189;
datestr(excelSerialDate + 693960,'mm/dd/yyyy')
ans =
01/11/2010
Also, if you want to get rid of the leading zero for the month, you can use REGEXPREP to fix things
excelSerialDate = 40189;
regexprep(datestr(excelSerialDate + 693960,'mm/dd/yyyy'),'^0','')
ans =
1/11/2010
TypeError: 'list' object cannot be interpreted as an integer
range
is expecting an integer argument, from which it will build a range of integers:
>>> range(10)
range(0, 10)
>>> list(range(10))
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>>
Moreover, giving it a list will raise a TypeError
because range
will not know how to handle it:
>>> range([1, 2, 3])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'list' object cannot be interpreted as an integer
>>>
If you want to access the items in myList
, loop over the list directly:
for i in myList:
...
Demo:
>>> myList = [1, 2, 3]
>>> for i in myList:
... print(i)
...
1
2
3
>>>
How to allow only integers in a textbox?
Another solution is to use a RangeValidator where you set Type="Integer"
like this:
<asp:RangeValidator runat="server"
id="valrNumberOfPreviousOwners"
ControlToValidate="txtNumberOfPreviousOwners"
Type="Integer"
MinimumValue="0"
MaximumValue="999"
CssClass="input-error"
ErrorMessage="Please enter a positive integer."
Display="Dynamic">
</asp:RangeValidator>
You can set reasonable values for the MinimumValue
and MaximumValue
attributes too.
React Native: Getting the position of an element
This seems to have changed in the latest version of React Native when using refs to calculate.
Declare refs this way.
<View
ref={(image) => {
this._image = image
}}>
And find the value this way.
_measure = () => {
this._image._component.measure((width, height, px, py, fx, fy) => {
const location = {
fx: fx,
fy: fy,
px: px,
py: py,
width: width,
height: height
}
console.log(location)
})
}
Git commit in terminal opens VIM, but can't get back to terminal
This is in answer to your question...
I'd also like to know how to make it open up in Sublime Text 2 instead
For Windows:
git config --global core.editor "'C:/Program Files/Sublime Text 2/sublime_text.exe'"
Check that the path for sublime_text.exe
is correct and adjust if needed.
For Mac/Linux:
git config --global core.editor "subl -n -w"
If you get an error message such as:
error: There was a problem with the editor 'subl -n -w'.
Create the alias for subl
sudo ln -s /Applications/Sublime\ Text.app/Contents/SharedSupport/bin/subl /usr/local/bin/subl
Again check that the path matches for your machine.
For Sublime Text simply save cmd S
and close the window cmd W
to return to git.
Is it bad practice to use break to exit a loop in Java?
break
and continue
breaks the readability for the reader, although it's often useful.
Not as much as "goto" concept, but almost.
Besides, if you take some new languages like Scala (inspired by Java and functional programming languages like Ocaml), you will notice that break
and continue
simply disappeared.
Especially in functional programming, this style of code is avoided:
Why scala doesn't support break and continue?
To sum up: break
and continue
are widely used in Java for an imperative style, but for any coders that used to practice functional programming, it might be.. weird.
Python: Find a substring in a string and returning the index of the substring
Ideally you would use str.find or str.index like demented hedgehog said. But you said you can't ...
Your problem is your code searches only for the first character of your search string which(the first one) is at index 2.
You are basically saying if char[0]
is in s
, increment index
until ch == char[0]
which returned 3 when I tested it but it was still wrong. Here's a way to do it.
def find_str(s, char):
index = 0
if char in s:
c = char[0]
for ch in s:
if ch == c:
if s[index:index+len(char)] == char:
return index
index += 1
return -1
print(find_str("Happy birthday", "py"))
print(find_str("Happy birthday", "rth"))
print(find_str("Happy birthday", "rh"))
It produced the following output:
3
8
-1
Display exact matches only with grep
This worked for me:
grep "\bsearch_word\b" text_file > output.txt ## \b indicates boundaries. This is much faster.
or,
grep -w "search_word" text_file > output.txt
Python Requests requests.exceptions.SSLError: [Errno 8] _ssl.c:504: EOF occurred in violation of protocol
Reposting this here for others from the requests issue page:
Requests' does not support doing this before version 1. Subsequent to version 1, you are expected to subclass the HTTPAdapter, like so:
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager
import ssl
class MyAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
def init_poolmanager(self, connections, maxsize, block=False):
self.poolmanager = PoolManager(num_pools=connections,
maxsize=maxsize,
block=block,
ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
When you've done that, you can do this:
import requests
s = requests.Session()
s.mount('https://', MyAdapter())
Any request through that session object will then use TLSv1.
Find all files with a filename beginning with a specified string?
ls | grep "^abc"
will give you all files beginning (which is what the OP specifically required) with the substringabc
.
It operates only on the current directory whereas find
operates recursively into sub folders.
To use find
for only files starting with your string try
find . -name 'abc'*
How to upsert (update or insert) in SQL Server 2005
Here is a useful article by Michael J. Swart on the matter, which covers different patterns and antipatterns for implementing UPSERT
in SQL Server:
https://michaeljswart.com/2017/07/sql-server-upsert-patterns-and-antipatterns/
It addresses associated concurrency issues (primary key violations, deadlocks) - all of the answers provided here yet are considered antipatterns in the article (except for the @Bridge solution using triggers, which is not covered there).
Here is an extract from the article with the solution preferred by the author:
Inside a serializable transaction with lock hints:
CREATE PROCEDURE s_AccountDetails_Upsert ( @Email nvarchar(4000), @Etc nvarchar(max) )
AS
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
BEGIN TRAN
IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM dbo.AccountDetails WITH (UPDLOCK) WHERE Email = @Email )
UPDATE dbo.AccountDetails
SET Etc = @Etc
WHERE Email = @Email;
ELSE
INSERT dbo.AccountDetails ( Email, Etc )
VALUES ( @Email, @Etc );
COMMIT
There is also related question with answers here on stackoverflow: Insert Update stored proc on SQL Server
What is the Java equivalent for LINQ?
There is no such feature in java. By using the other API you will get this feature.
Like suppose we have a animal Object containing name and id. We have list object having animal objects. Now if we want to get the all the animal name which contains 'o' from list object. we can write the following query
from(animals).where("getName", contains("o")).all();
Above Query statement will list of the animals which contains 'o' alphabet in their name.
More information please go through following blog.
http://javaworldwide.blogspot.in/2012/09/linq-in-java.html
How to use glOrtho() in OpenGL?
Minimal runnable example
glOrtho
: 2D games, objects close and far appear the same size:
glFrustrum
: more real-life like 3D, identical objects further away appear smaller:
main.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
static int ortho = 0;
static void display(void) {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
if (ortho) {
} else {
/* This only rotates and translates the world around to look like the camera moved. */
gluLookAt(0.0, 0.0, -3.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
}
glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glutWireCube(2);
glFlush();
}
static void reshape(int w, int h) {
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
if (ortho) {
glOrtho(-2.0, 2.0, -2.0, 2.0, -1.5, 1.5);
} else {
glFrustum(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.5, 20.0);
}
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
glutInit(&argc, argv);
if (argc > 1) {
ortho = 1;
}
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
glutCreateWindow(argv[0]);
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
glutMainLoop();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
GitHub upstream.
Compile:
gcc -ggdb3 -O0 -o main -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic main.c -lGL -lGLU -lglut
Run with glOrtho
:
./main 1
Run with glFrustrum
:
./main
Tested on Ubuntu 18.10.
Schema
Ortho: camera is a plane, visible volume a rectangle:
Frustrum: camera is a point,visible volume a slice of a pyramid:
Image source.
Parameters
We are always looking from +z to -z with +y upwards:
glOrtho(left, right, bottom, top, near, far)
left
: minimum x
we see
right
: maximum x
we see
bottom
: minimum y
we see
top
: maximum y
we see
-near
: minimum z
we see. Yes, this is -1
times near
. So a negative input means positive z
.
-far
: maximum z
we see. Also negative.
Schema:
Image source.
How it works under the hood
In the end, OpenGL always "uses":
glOrtho(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0);
If we use neither glOrtho
nor glFrustrum
, that is what we get.
glOrtho
and glFrustrum
are just linear transformations (AKA matrix multiplication) such that:
glOrtho
: takes a given 3D rectangle into the default cube
glFrustrum
: takes a given pyramid section into the default cube
This transformation is then applied to all vertexes. This is what I mean in 2D:
Image source.
The final step after transformation is simple:
- remove any points outside of the cube (culling): just ensure that
x
, y
and z
are in [-1, +1]
- ignore the
z
component and take only x
and y
, which now can be put into a 2D screen
With glOrtho
, z
is ignored, so you might as well always use 0
.
One reason you might want to use z != 0
is to make sprites hide the background with the depth buffer.
Deprecation
glOrtho
is deprecated as of OpenGL 4.5: the compatibility profile 12.1. "FIXED-FUNCTION VERTEX TRANSFORMATIONS" is in red.
So don't use it for production. In any case, understanding it is a good way to get some OpenGL insight.
Modern OpenGL 4 programs calculate the transformation matrix (which is small) on the CPU, and then give the matrix and all points to be transformed to OpenGL, which can do the thousands of matrix multiplications for different points really fast in parallel.
Manually written vertex shaders then do the multiplication explicitly, usually with the convenient vector data types of the OpenGL Shading Language.
Since you write the shader explicitly, this allows you to tweak the algorithm to your needs. Such flexibility is a major feature of more modern GPUs, which unlike the old ones that did a fixed algorithm with some input parameters, can now do arbitrary computations. See also: https://stackoverflow.com/a/36211337/895245
With an explicit GLfloat transform[]
it would look something like this:
glfw_transform.c
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
static const GLuint WIDTH = 800;
static const GLuint HEIGHT = 600;
/* ourColor is passed on to the fragment shader. */
static const GLchar* vertex_shader_source =
"#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;\n"
"layout (location = 1) in vec3 color;\n"
"out vec3 ourColor;\n"
"uniform mat4 transform;\n"
"void main() {\n"
" gl_Position = transform * vec4(position, 1.0f);\n"
" ourColor = color;\n"
"}\n";
static const GLchar* fragment_shader_source =
"#version 330 core\n"
"in vec3 ourColor;\n"
"out vec4 color;\n"
"void main() {\n"
" color = vec4(ourColor, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n";
static GLfloat vertices[] = {
/* Positions Colors */
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
/* Build and compile shader program, return its ID. */
GLuint common_get_shader_program(
const char *vertex_shader_source,
const char *fragment_shader_source
) {
GLchar *log = NULL;
GLint log_length, success;
GLuint fragment_shader, program, vertex_shader;
/* Vertex shader */
vertex_shader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
glShaderSource(vertex_shader, 1, &vertex_shader_source, NULL);
glCompileShader(vertex_shader);
glGetShaderiv(vertex_shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
glGetShaderiv(vertex_shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &log_length);
log = malloc(log_length);
if (log_length > 0) {
glGetShaderInfoLog(vertex_shader, log_length, NULL, log);
printf("vertex shader log:\n\n%s\n", log);
}
if (!success) {
printf("vertex shader compile error\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Fragment shader */
fragment_shader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
glShaderSource(fragment_shader, 1, &fragment_shader_source, NULL);
glCompileShader(fragment_shader);
glGetShaderiv(fragment_shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
glGetShaderiv(fragment_shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &log_length);
if (log_length > 0) {
log = realloc(log, log_length);
glGetShaderInfoLog(fragment_shader, log_length, NULL, log);
printf("fragment shader log:\n\n%s\n", log);
}
if (!success) {
printf("fragment shader compile error\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Link shaders */
program = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(program, vertex_shader);
glAttachShader(program, fragment_shader);
glLinkProgram(program);
glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
glGetProgramiv(program, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &log_length);
if (log_length > 0) {
log = realloc(log, log_length);
glGetProgramInfoLog(program, log_length, NULL, log);
printf("shader link log:\n\n%s\n", log);
}
if (!success) {
printf("shader link error");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Cleanup. */
free(log);
glDeleteShader(vertex_shader);
glDeleteShader(fragment_shader);
return program;
}
int main(void) {
GLint shader_program;
GLint transform_location;
GLuint vbo;
GLuint vao;
GLFWwindow* window;
double time;
glfwInit();
window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, __FILE__, NULL, NULL);
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
glewInit();
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
shader_program = common_get_shader_program(vertex_shader_source, fragment_shader_source);
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
/* Position attribute */
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
/* Color attribute */
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glBindVertexArray(0);
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
glfwPollEvents();
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glUseProgram(shader_program);
transform_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "transform");
/* THIS is just a dummy transform. */
GLfloat transform[] = {
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
};
time = glfwGetTime();
transform[0] = 2.0f * sin(time);
transform[5] = 2.0f * cos(time);
glUniformMatrix4fv(transform_location, 1, GL_FALSE, transform);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
glBindVertexArray(0);
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
}
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vao);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
glfwTerminate();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
GitHub upstream.
Compile and run:
gcc -ggdb3 -O0 -o glfw_transform.out -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic glfw_transform.c -lGL -lGLU -lglut -lGLEW -lglfw -lm
./glfw_transform.out
Output:
The matrix for glOrtho
is really simple, composed only of scaling and translation:
scalex, 0, 0, translatex,
0, scaley, 0, translatey,
0, 0, scalez, translatez,
0, 0, 0, 1
as mentioned in the OpenGL 2 docs.
The glFrustum
matrix is not too hard to calculate by hand either, but starts getting annoying. Note how frustum cannot be made up with only scaling and translations like glOrtho
, more info at: https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/a/118848/25171
The GLM OpenGL C++ math library is a popular choice for calculating such matrices. http://glm.g-truc.net/0.9.2/api/a00245.html documents both an ortho
and frustum
operations.
How to set MouseOver event/trigger for border in XAML?
Yes, this is confusing...
According to this blog post, it looks like this is an omission from WPF.
To make it work you need to use a style:
<Border Name="ClearButtonBorder" Grid.Column="1" CornerRadius="0,3,3,0">
<Border.Style>
<Style>
<Setter Property="Border.Background" Value="Blue"/>
<Style.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="Border.IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Setter Property="Border.Background" Value="Green" />
</Trigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
</Border.Style>
<TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Text="X" />
</Border>
I guess this problem isn't that common as most people tend to factor out this sort of thing into a style, so it can be used on multiple controls.
How to capture the android device screen content?
Framebuffer seems the way to go, it will not always contain 2+ frames like mentioned by Ryan Conrad. In my case it contained only one. I guess it depends on the frame/display size.
I tried to read the framebuffer continuously but it seems to return for a fixed amount of bytes read. In my case that is (3 410 432) bytes, which is enough to store a display frame of 854*480 RGBA (3 279 360 bytes). Yes, the frame in binary outputed from fb0 is RGBA in my device. This will most likely depend from device to device. This will be important for you to decode it =)
In my device /dev/graphics/fb0 permissions are so that only root and users from group graphics can read the fb0. graphics is a restricted group so you will probably only access fb0 with a rooted phone using su command.
Android apps have the user id (uid) app_## and group id (guid) app_## .
adb shell has uid shell and guid shell, which has much more permissions than an app.
You can actually check those permissions at /system/permissions/platform.xml
This means you will be able to read fb0 in the adb shell without root but you will not read it within the app without root.
Also, giving READ_FRAME_BUFFER and/or ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER permissions on AndroidManifest.xml will do nothing for a regular app because these will only work for 'signature' apps.
JavaScript global event mechanism
sophisticated error handling
If your error handling is very sophisticated and therefore might throw an error itself, it is useful to add a flag indicating if you are already in "errorHandling-Mode". Like so:
var appIsHandlingError = false;
window.onerror = function() {
if (!appIsHandlingError) {
appIsHandlingError = true;
handleError();
}
};
function handleError() {
// graceful error handling
// if successful: appIsHandlingError = false;
}
Otherwise you could find yourself in an infinite loop.
Transaction isolation levels relation with locks on table
I want to understand the lock each transaction isolation takes on the table
For example, you have 3 concurrent processes A, B and C. A starts a transaction, writes data and commit/rollback (depending on results). B just executes a SELECT
statement to read data. C reads and updates data. All these process work on the same table T.
- READ UNCOMMITTED - no lock on the table. You can read data in the table while writing on it. This means A writes data (uncommitted) and B can read this uncommitted data and use it (for any purpose). If A executes a rollback, B still has read the data and used it. This is the fastest but most insecure way to work with data since can lead to data holes in not physically related tables (yes, two tables can be logically but not physically related in real-world apps =\).
- READ COMMITTED - lock on committed data. You can read the data that was only committed. This means A writes data and B can't read the data saved by A until A executes a commit. The problem here is that C can update data that was read and used on B and B client won't have the updated data.
- REPEATABLE READ - lock on a block of SQL(which is selected by using select query). This means B reads the data under some condition i.e.
WHERE aField > 10 AND aField < 20
, A inserts data where aField
value is between 10 and 20, then B reads the data again and get a different result.
- SERIALIZABLE - lock on a full table(on which Select query is fired). This means, B reads the data and no other transaction can modify the data on the table. This is the most secure but slowest way to work with data. Also, since a simple read operation locks the table, this can lead to heavy problems on production: imagine that T table is an Invoice table, user X wants to know the invoices of the day and user Y wants to create a new invoice, so while X executes the read of the invoices, Y can't add a new invoice (and when it's about money, people get really mad, especially the bosses).
I want to understand where we define these isolation levels: only at JDBC/hibernate level or in DB also
Using JDBC, you define it using Connection#setTransactionIsolation
.
Using Hibernate:
<property name="hibernate.connection.isolation">2</property>
Where
- 1: READ UNCOMMITTED
- 2: READ COMMITTED
- 4: REPEATABLE READ
- 8: SERIALIZABLE
Hibernate configuration is taken from here (sorry, it's in Spanish).
By the way, you can set the isolation level on RDBMS as well:
and on and on...
Jquery/Ajax Form Submission (enctype="multipart/form-data" ). Why does 'contentType:False' cause undefined index in PHP?
Please set your form action attribute as below it will solve your problem.
<form name="addProductForm" id="addProductForm" action="javascript:;" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8">
jQuery code:
$(document).ready(function () {
$("#addProductForm").submit(function (event) {
//disable the default form submission
event.preventDefault();
//grab all form data
var formData = $(this).serialize();
$.ajax({
url: 'addProduct.php',
type: 'POST',
data: formData,
async: false,
cache: false,
contentType: false,
processData: false,
success: function () {
alert('Form Submitted!');
},
error: function(){
alert("error in ajax form submission");
}
});
return false;
});
});
PHP syntax question: What does the question mark and colon mean?
This is the PHP ternary operator (also known as a conditional operator) - if first operand evaluates true, evaluate as second operand, else evaluate as third operand.
Think of it as an "if" statement you can use in expressions. Can be very useful in making concise assignments that depend on some condition, e.g.
$param = isset($_GET['param']) ? $_GET['param'] : 'default';
There's also a shorthand version of this (in PHP 5.3 onwards). You can leave out the middle operand. The operator will evaluate as the first operand if it true, and the third operand otherwise. For example:
$result = $x ?: 'default';
It is worth mentioning that the above code when using i.e. $_GET or $_POST variable will throw undefined index notice and to prevent that we need to use a longer version, with isset
or a null coalescing operator which is introduced in PHP7:
$param = $_GET['param'] ?? 'default';
docker: executable file not found in $PATH
For some reason, I get that error unless I add the "bash" clarifier. Even adding "#!/bin/bash" to the top of my entrypoint file didn't help.
ENTRYPOINT [ "bash", "entrypoint.sh" ]
Java to Jackson JSON serialization: Money fields
As Sahil Chhabra suggested you can use @JsonFormat
with proper shape
on your variable.
In case you would like to apply it on every BigDecimal
field you have in your Dto's
you can override default format for given class.
@Configuration
public class JacksonObjectMapperConfiguration {
@Autowired
public void customize(ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
objectMapper
.configOverride(BigDecimal.class).setFormat(JsonFormat.Value.forShape(JsonFormat.Shape.STRING));
}
}
Get index of a key in json
Its too late, but it may be simple and useful
var json = { "key1" : "watevr1", "key2" : "watevr2", "key3" : "watevr3" };
var keytoFind = "key2";
var index = Object.keys(json).indexOf(keytoFind);
alert(index);
How to evaluate a boolean variable in an if block in bash?
bash doesn't know boolean variables, nor does test
(which is what gets called when you use [
).
A solution would be:
if $myVar ; then ... ; fi
because true
and false
are commands that return 0
or 1
respectively which is what if
expects.
Note that the values are "swapped". The command after if
must return 0
on success while 0
means "false" in most programming languages.
SECURITY WARNING: This works because BASH expands the variable, then tries to execute the result as a command! Make sure the variable can't contain malicious code like rm -rf /
ASP.NET MVC - Find Absolute Path to the App_Data folder from Controller
string Index = i;
string FileName = "Mutton" + Index + ".xml";
XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
var path = Path.Combine(Server.MapPath("~/Content/FilesXML"), FileName);
xmlDoc.Load(path); // Can use xmlDoc.LoadXml(YourString);
this is the best Solution to get the path what is exactly need for now
What does jQuery.fn mean?
In jQuery, the fn
property is just an alias to the prototype
property.
The jQuery
identifier (or $
) is just a constructor function, and all instances created with it, inherit from the constructor's prototype.
A simple constructor function:
function Test() {
this.a = 'a';
}
Test.prototype.b = 'b';
var test = new Test();
test.a; // "a", own property
test.b; // "b", inherited property
A simple structure that resembles the architecture of jQuery:
(function() {
var foo = function(arg) { // core constructor
// ensure to use the `new` operator
if (!(this instanceof foo))
return new foo(arg);
// store an argument for this example
this.myArg = arg;
//..
};
// create `fn` alias to `prototype` property
foo.fn = foo.prototype = {
init: function () {/*...*/}
//...
};
// expose the library
window.foo = foo;
})();
// Extension:
foo.fn.myPlugin = function () {
alert(this.myArg);
return this; // return `this` for chainability
};
foo("bar").myPlugin(); // alerts "bar"
JavaScript Promises - reject vs. throw
There's one difference — which shouldn't matter — that the other answers haven't touched on, so:
There's no difference that's likely to matter, no. Yes, there is a very small difference.
If the fulfillment handler passed to then
throws, the promise returned by that call to then
is rejected with what was thrown.
If it returns a rejected promise, the promise returned by the call to then
is resolved to that promise (and will ultimately be rejected, since the promise it's resolved to is rejected), which may introduce one extra async "tick" (one more loop in the microtask queue, to put it in browser terms).
Any code that relies on that difference is fundamentally broken, though. :-) It shouldn't be that sensitive to the timing of the promise settlement.
Here's an example:
_x000D_
_x000D_
function usingThrow(val) {
return Promise.resolve(val)
.then(v => {
if (v !== 42) {
throw new Error(`${v} is not 42!`);
}
return v;
});
}
function usingReject(val) {
return Promise.resolve(val)
.then(v => {
if (v !== 42) {
return Promise.reject(new Error(`${v} is not 42!`));
}
return v;
});
}
// The rejection handler on this chain may be called **after** the
// rejection handler on the following chain
usingReject(1)
.then(v => console.log(v))
.catch(e => console.error("Error from usingReject:", e.message));
// The rejection handler on this chain may be called **before** the
// rejection handler on the preceding chain
usingThrow(2)
.then(v => console.log(v))
.catch(e => console.error("Error from usingThrow:", e.message));
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
If you run that, as of this writing you get:
Error from usingThrow: 2 is not 42!
Error from usingReject: 1 is not 42!
Note the order.
Compare that to the same chains but both using usingThrow
:
_x000D_
_x000D_
function usingThrow(val) {
return Promise.resolve(val)
.then(v => {
if (v !== 42) {
throw new Error(`${v} is not 42!`);
}
return v;
});
}
usingThrow(1)
.then(v => console.log(v))
.catch(e => console.error("Error from usingThrow:", e.message));
usingThrow(2)
.then(v => console.log(v))
.catch(e => console.error("Error from usingThrow:", e.message));
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
which shows that the rejection handlers ran in the other order:
Error from usingThrow: 1 is not 42!
Error from usingThrow: 2 is not 42!
I said "may" above because there's been some work in other areas that removed this unnecessary extra tick in other similar situations if all of the promises involved are native promises (not just thenables). (Specifically: In an async
function, return await x
originally introduced an extra async tick vs. return x
while being otherwise identical; ES2020 changed it so that if x
is a native promise, the extra tick is removed.)
Again, any code that's that sensitive to the timing of the settlement of a promise is already broken. So really it doesn't/shouldn't matter.
In practical terms, as other answers have mentioned:
- As Kevin B pointed out,
throw
won't work if you're in a callback to some other function you've used within your fulfillment handler — this is the biggie
- As lukyer pointed out,
throw
abruptly terminates the function, which can be useful (but you're using return
in your example, which does the same thing)
- As Vencator pointed out, you can't use
throw
in a conditional expression (? :
), at least not for now
Other than that, it's mostly a matter of style/preference, so as with most of those, agree with your team what you'll do (or that you don't care either way), and be consistent.
download a file from Spring boot rest service
using Apache IO could be another option for copy the Stream
@RequestMapping(path = "/file/{fileId}", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
public ResponseEntity<?> downloadFile(@PathVariable(value="fileId") String fileId,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
InputStream yourInputStream = ...
IOUtils.copy(yourInputStream, response.getOutputStream());
response.flushBuffer();
return ResponseEntity.ok().build();
}
maven dependency
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
Adding a column after another column within SQL
It depends on what database you are using. In MySQL, you would use the "ALTER TABLE" syntax. I don't remember exactly how, but it would go something like this if you wanted to add a column called 'newcol' that was a 200 character varchar:
ALTER TABLE example ADD newCol VARCHAR(200) AFTER otherCol;
How do I make jQuery wait for an Ajax call to finish before it returns?
In modern JS you can simply use async
/await
, like:
async function upload() {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
$.ajax({
url: $(this).attr('href'),
type: 'GET',
timeout: 30000,
success: (response) => {
resolve(response);
},
error: (response) => {
reject(response);
}
})
})
}
Then call it in an async
function like:
let response = await upload();
Syntax for creating a two-dimensional array in Java
Try the following:
int[][] multi = new int[5][10];
... which is a short hand for something like this:
int[][] multi = new int[5][];
multi[0] = new int[10];
multi[1] = new int[10];
multi[2] = new int[10];
multi[3] = new int[10];
multi[4] = new int[10];
Note that every element will be initialized to the default value for int
, 0
, so the above are also equivalent to:
int[][] multi = new int[][]{
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};
Uncaught TypeError: $(...).datepicker is not a function(anonymous function)
You just need to add three file and two css links. You can either cdn's as well.
Links for the js files and css files are as such :-
- jQuery.dataTables.min.js
- dataTables.bootstrap.min.js
- dataTables.bootstrap.min.css
- bootstrap-datepicker.css
- bootstrap-datepicker.js
They are valid if you are using bootstrap in your project.
I hope this will help you.
Regards,
Vivek Singla
Updating user data - ASP.NET Identity
The UserManager did not work, and As @Kevin Junghans wrote,
UpdateAsync just commits the update to the context, you still need to save the context for it to commit to the database
Here is quick solution (prior to new features in ASP.net identity v2) I used in a web forms projetc. The
class AspNetUser :IdentityUser
Was migrated from SqlServerMembership aspnet_Users. And the context is defined:
public partial class MyContext : IdentityDbContext<AspNetUser>
I apologize for the reflection and synchronous code--if you put this in an async method, use await
for the async calls and remove the Tasks and Wait()s. The arg, props, contains the names of properties to update.
public static void UpdateAspNetUser(AspNetUser user, string[] props)
{
MyContext context = new MyContext();
UserStore<AspNetUser> store = new UserStore<AspNetUser>(context);
Task<AspNetUser> cUser = store.FindByIdAsync(user.Id);
cUser.Wait();
AspNetUser oldUser = cUser.Result;
foreach (var prop in props)
{
PropertyInfo pi = typeof(AspNetUser).GetProperty(prop);
var val = pi.GetValue(user);
pi.SetValue(oldUser, val);
}
Task task = store.UpdateAsync(oldUser);
task.Wait();
context.SaveChanges();
}
Easiest way to rotate by 90 degrees an image using OpenCV?
Here's my EmguCV (a C# port of OpenCV) solution:
public static Image<TColor, TDepth> Rotate90<TColor, TDepth>(this Image<TColor, TDepth> img)
where TColor : struct, IColor
where TDepth : new()
{
var rot = new Image<TColor, TDepth>(img.Height, img.Width);
CvInvoke.cvTranspose(img.Ptr, rot.Ptr);
rot._Flip(FLIP.HORIZONTAL);
return rot;
}
public static Image<TColor, TDepth> Rotate180<TColor, TDepth>(this Image<TColor, TDepth> img)
where TColor : struct, IColor
where TDepth : new()
{
var rot = img.CopyBlank();
rot = img.Flip(FLIP.VERTICAL);
rot._Flip(FLIP.HORIZONTAL);
return rot;
}
public static void _Rotate180<TColor, TDepth>(this Image<TColor, TDepth> img)
where TColor : struct, IColor
where TDepth : new()
{
img._Flip(FLIP.VERTICAL);
img._Flip(FLIP.HORIZONTAL);
}
public static Image<TColor, TDepth> Rotate270<TColor, TDepth>(this Image<TColor, TDepth> img)
where TColor : struct, IColor
where TDepth : new()
{
var rot = new Image<TColor, TDepth>(img.Height, img.Width);
CvInvoke.cvTranspose(img.Ptr, rot.Ptr);
rot._Flip(FLIP.VERTICAL);
return rot;
}
Shouldn't be too hard to translate it back into C++.
How do I find which process is leaking memory?
As suggeseted, the way to go is valgrind. It's a profiler that checks many aspects of the running performance of your application, including the usage of memory.
Running your application through Valgrind will allow you to verify if you forget to release memory allocated with malloc, if you free the same memory twice etc.
jQuery UI Color Picker
Had the same problem (is not a method) with jQuery when working on autocomplete. It appeared the code was executed before the autocomplete.js was loaded. So make sure the ui.colorpicker.js is loaded before calling colorpicker.
How to install the Six module in Python2.7
here's what six is:
pip search six
six - Python 2 and 3 compatibility utilities
to install:
pip install six
though if you did install python-dateutil
from pip six should have been set as a dependency.
N.B.: to install pip run easy_install pip
from command line.
Loop through an array php
Ok, I know there is an accepted answer but… for more special cases you also could use this one:
array_map(function($n) { echo $n['filename']; echo $n['filepath'];},$array);
Or in a more un-complex way:
function printItem($n){
echo $n['filename'];
echo $n['filepath'];
}
array_map('printItem', $array);
This will allow you to manipulate the data in an easier way.
How to properly upgrade node using nvm
This may work:
nvm install NEW_VERSION --reinstall-packages-from=OLD_VERSION
For example:
nvm install 6.7 --reinstall-packages-from=6.4
then, if you want, you can delete your previous version with:
nvm uninstall OLD_VERSION
Where, in your case,
NEW_VERSION = 5.4
OLD_VERSION = 5.0
Alternatively, try:
nvm install stable --reinstall-packages-from=current
How to set margin of ImageView using code, not xml
All the above examples will actually REPLACE any params already present for the View, which may not be desired. The below code will just extend the existing params, without replacing them:
ImageView myImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image_view);
MarginLayoutParams marginParams = (MarginLayoutParams) image.getLayoutParams();
marginParams.setMargins(left, top, right, bottom);
SQL Row_Number() function in Where Clause
In response to comments on rexem's answer, with respect to whether a an inline view or CTE would be faster I recast the queries to use a table I, and everyone, had available: sys.objects.
WITH object_rows AS (
SELECT object_id,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY object_id) RN
FROM sys.objects)
SELECT object_id
FROM object_rows
WHERE RN > 1
SELECT object_id
FROM (SELECT object_id,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY object_id) RN
FROM sys.objects) T
WHERE RN > 1
The query plans produced were exactly the same. I would expect in all cases, the query optimizer would come up with the same plan, at least in simple replacement of CTE with inline view or vice versa.
Of course, try your own queries on your own system to see if there is a difference.
Also, row_number()
in the where clause is a common error in answers given on Stack Overflow. Logicaly row_number()
is not available until the select clause is processed. People forget that and when they answer without testing the answer, the answer is sometimes wrong. (A charge I have myself been guilty of.)
Bootstrap datetimepicker is not a function
I changed the import sequence without fixing the problem, until finally I installed moments and tempus dominius (Core and bootrap), using npm and include them in boostrap.js
try {
window.Popper = require('popper.js').default;
window.$ = window.jQuery = require('jquery');
require('moment'); /*added*/
require('bootstrap');
require('tempusdominus-bootstrap-4');/*added*/} catch (e) {}
How do I download a file with Angular2 or greater
To download and show PDF files, a very similar code snipped is like below:
private downloadFile(data: Response): void {
let blob = new Blob([data.blob()], { type: "application/pdf" });
let url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
window.open(url);
}
public showFile(fileEndpointPath: string): void {
let reqOpt: RequestOptions = this.getAcmOptions(); // getAcmOptions is our helper method. Change this line according to request headers you need.
reqOpt.responseType = ResponseContentType.Blob;
this.http
.get(fileEndpointPath, reqOpt)
.subscribe(
data => this.downloadFile(data),
error => alert("Error downloading file!"),
() => console.log("OK!")
);
}
Webpack - webpack-dev-server: command not found
The script webpack-dev-server
is already installed inside ./node_modules directory.
You can either install it again globally by
sudo npm install -g webpack-dev-server
or run it like this
./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/bin/webpack-dev-server.js -d --config webpack.dev.config.js --content-base public/ --progress --colors
.
means look it in current directory.
Sending SOAP request using Python Requests
It is indeed possible.
Here is an example calling the Weather SOAP Service using plain requests lib:
import requests
url="http://wsf.cdyne.com/WeatherWS/Weather.asmx?WSDL"
#headers = {'content-type': 'application/soap+xml'}
headers = {'content-type': 'text/xml'}
body = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:ns0="http://ws.cdyne.com/WeatherWS/" xmlns:ns1="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<SOAP-ENV:Header/>
<ns1:Body><ns0:GetWeatherInformation/></ns1:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>"""
response = requests.post(url,data=body,headers=headers)
print response.content
Some notes:
- The headers are important. Most SOAP requests will not work without the correct headers.
application/soap+xml
is probably the more correct header to use (but the weatherservice prefers text/xml
- This will return the response as a string of xml - you would then need to parse that xml.
- For simplicity I have included the request as plain text. But best practise would be to store this as a template, then you can load it using jinja2 (for example) - and also pass in variables.
For example:
from jinja2 import Environment, PackageLoader
env = Environment(loader=PackageLoader('myapp', 'templates'))
template = env.get_template('soaprequests/WeatherSericeRequest.xml')
body = template.render()
Some people have mentioned the suds library. Suds is probably the more correct way to be interacting with SOAP, but I often find that it panics a little when you have WDSLs that are badly formed (which, TBH, is more likely than not when you're dealing with an institution that still uses SOAP ;) ).
You can do the above with suds like so:
from suds.client import Client
url="http://wsf.cdyne.com/WeatherWS/Weather.asmx?WSDL"
client = Client(url)
print client ## shows the details of this service
result = client.service.GetWeatherInformation()
print result
Note: when using suds, you will almost always end up needing to use the doctor!
Finally, a little bonus for debugging SOAP; TCPdump is your friend. On Mac, you can run TCPdump like so:
sudo tcpdump -As 0
This can be helpful for inspecting the requests that actually go over the wire.
The above two code snippets are also available as gists:
Java Date cut off time information
tl;dr
LocalDateTime.parse( // Lacking an offset or time zone, parse as a `LocalDateTime`. *Not* a specific moment in time.
"2008-01-01 13:15:00".replace( " " , "T" ) // Alter input string to comply with ISO 8601 standard format.
)
.toLocalDate() // Extract a date-only value.
.atStartOfDay( // Do not assume the day starts at 00:00:00. Let class determine start-of-day.
ZoneId.of( "Europe/Paris" ) // Determining a specific start-of-day requires a time zone.
) // Result is a `ZonedDateTime` object. At this point we have a specific moment in time, a point on the timeline.
.toString() // Generate a String in standard ISO 8601 format, wisely extended to append the name of the time zone in square brackets.
2008-01-01T00:00+01:00[Europe/Paris]
To generate a String in your desired format, pass a DateTimeFormatter
.
LocalDateTime.parse( // Lacking an offset or time zone, parse as a `LocalDateTime`. *Not* a specific moment in time.
"2008-01-01 13:15:00".replace( " " , "T" ) // Alter input string to comply with ISO 8601 standard format.
)
.toLocalDate() // Extract a date-only value.
.atStartOfDay( // Do not assume the day starts at 00:00:00. Let class determine start-of-day.
ZoneId.of( "Europe/Paris" ) // Determining a specific start-of-day requires a time zone.
) // Result is a `ZonedDateTime` object. At this point we have a specific moment in time, a point on the timeline.
.format( // Generate a String representing the object’s value.
DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME // Built-in predefined formatter close to what you want.
)
.replace( "T" , " " ) // Replace the standard’s use of a 'T' in the middle with your desired SPACE character.
2008-01-01 00:00:00
Details
Other Answers are correct, but use old date-time classes now outmoded by the java.time framework.
java.time
The java.time framework is built into Java 8 and later. Much of the java.time functionality is back-ported to Java 6 & 7 (ThreeTen-Backport) and further adapted to Android (ThreeTenABP).
First alter the input string to comply with the canonical version of ISO 8601 format. The standard ISO 8601 formats are used by default in java.time classes for parsing/generating strings that represent date-time values. We need to replace that SPACE in the middle with a T
.
String input = "2008-01-01 13:15:00".replace( " " , "T" ); // ? 2008-01-01T13:15:00
Now we can parse it as a LocalDateTime
, where “Local” means no specific locality. The input lacks any offset-from-UTC or time zone info.
LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.parse( input );
ldt.toString()… 2008-01-01T13:15:00
If you do not care about time-of-day nor time zone, then convert to a LocalDate
.
LocalDate ld = ldt.toLocalDate();
ld.toString()… 2008-01-01
First Moment Of Day
If instead you want the time-of-day set to the first moment of the day, use a ZonedDateTime
class, then convert to a LocalDate
object to call its atStartOfDay
method. Be aware that the first moment may not be the time 00:00:00
because of Daylight Saving Time or perhaps other anomalies.
The time zone is crucial because for any given moment the date varies around the world by zone. For example, a few moments after midnight in Paris is a new day for Parisians but is still “yesterday” in Montréal for the Canadians.
ZoneId zoneId = ZoneId.of( "America/Montreal" );
ZonedDateTime zdt = ldt.atZone( zoneId );
LocalDate ldFromZdt = zdt.toLocalDate();
ZonedDateTime zdtStartOfDay = ldFromZdt.atStartOfDay( zoneId );
zdtStartOfDay.toString()… 2008-01-01T00:00:00-05:00[America/Montreal]
UTC
To see that moment through the lens of the UTC time zone, extract a Instant
object. Both the ZonedDateTime
and Instant
will represent the same moment on the timeline but appear as two different wall-clock times.
An Instant
is the basic building-block class in java.time, always in UTC by definition. Use this class frequently, as you should generally be doing your business logic, data storage, and data exchange in UTC.
Instant instant = zdtStartOfDay.toInstant();
instant.toString()… 2008-01-01T05:00:00Z
We see 5 AM rather than stroke-of-midnight. In standard format, the Z
on the end is short for Zulu
and means “UTC”.
About java.time
The java.time framework is built into Java 8 and later. These classes supplant the troublesome old legacy date-time classes such as java.util.Date
, Calendar
, & SimpleDateFormat
.
The Joda-Time project, now in maintenance mode, advises migration to the java.time classes.
To learn more, see the Oracle Tutorial. And search Stack Overflow for many examples and explanations. Specification is JSR 310.
You may exchange java.time objects directly with your database. Use a JDBC driver compliant with JDBC 4.2 or later. No need for strings, no need for java.sql.*
classes.
Where to obtain the java.time classes?
The ThreeTen-Extra project extends java.time with additional classes. This project is a proving ground for possible future additions to java.time. You may find some useful classes here such as Interval
, YearWeek
, YearQuarter
, and more.
Most efficient way to convert an HTMLCollection to an Array
For a cross browser implementation I'd sugguest you look at prototype.js $A
function
copyed from 1.6.1:
function $A(iterable) {
if (!iterable) return [];
if ('toArray' in Object(iterable)) return iterable.toArray();
var length = iterable.length || 0, results = new Array(length);
while (length--) results[length] = iterable[length];
return results;
}
It doesn't use Array.prototype.slice
probably because it isn't available on every browser. I'm afraid the performance is pretty bad as there a the fall back is a javascript loop over the iterable
.
How to install .MSI using PowerShell
In powershell 5.1 you can actually use install-package, but it can't take extra msi arguments.
install-package .\file.msi
Otherwise with start-process and waiting:
start -wait file.msi ALLUSERS=1,INSTALLDIR=C:\FILE
MySQL Multiple Joins in one query?
Just add another join:
SELECT dashboard_data.headline,
dashboard_data.message,
dashboard_messages.image_id,
images.filename
FROM dashboard_data
INNER JOIN dashboard_messages
ON dashboard_message_id = dashboard_messages.id
INNER JOIN images
ON dashboard_messages.image_id = images.image_id
How to delete a whole folder and content?
You can delete files and folders recursively like this:
void deleteRecursive(File fileOrDirectory) {
if (fileOrDirectory.isDirectory())
for (File child : fileOrDirectory.listFiles())
deleteRecursive(child);
fileOrDirectory.delete();
}
Text in Border CSS HTML
Text in Border with transparent text background
_x000D_
_x000D_
.box{
background-image: url("https://i.stack.imgur.com/N39wV.jpg");
width: 350px;
padding: 10px;
}
/*begin first box*/
.first{
width: 300px;
height: 100px;
margin: 10px;
border-width: 0 2px 0 2px;
border-color: #333;
border-style: solid;
position: relative;
}
.first span {
position: absolute;
display: flex;
right: 0;
left: 0;
align-items: center;
}
.first .foo{
top: -8px;
}
.first .bar{
bottom: -8.5px;
}
.first span:before{
margin-right: 15px;
}
.first span:after {
margin-left: 15px;
}
.first span:before , .first span:after {
content: ' ';
height: 2px;
background: #333;
display: block;
width: 50%;
}
/*begin second box*/
.second{
width: 300px;
height: 100px;
margin: 10px;
border-width: 2px 0 2px 0;
border-color: #333;
border-style: solid;
position: relative;
}
.second span {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
}
.second .foo{
left: -15px;
}
.second .bar{
right: -15.5px;
}
.second span:before{
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.second span:after {
margin-top: 15px;
}
.second span:before , .second span:after {
content: ' ';
width: 2px;
background: #333;
display: block;
height: 50%;
}
_x000D_
<div class="box">
<div class="first">
<span class="foo">FOO</span>
<span class="bar">BAR</span>
</div>
<br>
<div class="second">
<span class="foo">FOO</span>
<span class="bar">BAR</span>
</div>
</div>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
Function pointer as parameter
Replace void *disconnectFunc;
with void (*disconnectFunc)();
to declare function pointer type variable. Or even better use a typedef
:
typedef void (*func_t)(); // pointer to function with no args and void return
...
func_t fptr; // variable of pointer to function
...
void D::setDisconnectFunc( func_t func )
{
fptr = func;
}
void D::disconnected()
{
fptr();
connected = false;
}
How to import local packages in go?
Local package is a annoying problem in go.
For some projects in our company we decide not use sub packages at all.
$ glide install
$ go get
$ go install
All work.
For some projects we use sub packages, and import local packages with full path:
import "xxxx.gitlab.xx/xxgroup/xxproject/xxsubpackage
But if we fork this project, then the subpackages still refer the original one.
How to convert a string of bytes into an int?
import array
integerValue = array.array("I", 'y\xcc\xa6\xbb')[0]
Warning: the above is strongly platform-specific. Both the "I" specifier and the endianness of the string->int conversion are dependent on your particular Python implementation. But if you want to convert many integers/strings at once, then the array module does it quickly.
Parsing CSV / tab-delimited txt file with Python
Start by turning the text into a list of lists. That will take care of the parsing part:
lol = list(csv.reader(open('text.txt', 'rb'), delimiter='\t'))
The rest can be done with indexed lookups:
d = dict()
key = lol[6][0] # cell A7
value = lol[6][3] # cell D7
d[key] = value # add the entry to the dictionary
...
Windows Scipy Install: No Lapack/Blas Resources Found
Intel now provides a Python distribution for Linux / Windows / OS X for free called "Intel distribution for Python".
Its a complete Python distribution (e.g. python.exe is included in the package) which includes some pre-installed modules compiled against Intel's MKL (Math Kernel Library) and thus optimized for faster performance.
The distribution includes the modules NumPy, SciPy, scikit-learn, pandas, matplotlib, Numba, tbb, pyDAAL, Jupyter, and others. The drawback is a bit of lateness in upgrading to more recent versions of Python. For example as of today (1 May 2017) the distribution provides CPython 3.5 while the 3.6 version is already out. But if you don't need the new features they should be perfectly fine.
How to set order of repositories in Maven settings.xml
None of these answers were correct in my case.. the order seems dependent on the alphabetical ordering of the <id> tag, which is an arbitrary string. Hence this forced repo search order:
<repository>
<id>1_maven.apache.org</id>
<releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases>
<snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots>
<url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
<layout>default</layout>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>2_maven.oracle.com</id>
<releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases>
<snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots>
<url>https://maven.oracle.com</url>
<layout>default</layout>
</repository>
How should I multiple insert multiple records?
If I were you I would not use either of them.
The disadvantage of the first one is that the parameter names might collide if there are same values in the list.
The disadvantage of the second one is that you are creating command and parameters for each entity.
The best way is to have the command text and parameters constructed once (use Parameters.Add
to add the parameters) change their values in the loop and execute the command. That way the statement will be prepared only once. You should also open the connection before you start the loop and close it after it.
Can an AWS Lambda function call another
In java, we can do as follows :
AWSLambdaAsync awsLambdaAsync = AWSLambdaAsyncClientBuilder.standard().withRegion("us-east-1").build();
InvokeRequest invokeRequest = new InvokeRequest();
invokeRequest.withFunctionName("youLambdaFunctionNameToCall").withPayload(payload);
InvokeResult invokeResult = awsLambdaAsync.invoke(invokeRequest);
Here, payload is your stringified java object which needs to be passed as Json object to another lambda in case you need to pass some information from calling lambda to called lambda.
Clear the value of bootstrap-datepicker
I came across this thread while trying to clear the date already set. Attempting:
$('#datepicker').val('').datepicker('update');
produced:
TypeError: t.dpDiv is undefined
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.11.2/jquery-ui.min.js -- Line 8
Thinking that perhaps one needed to include the original Datepicker for bootstrap removes the error, but then causes the original Datepicker widget to appear! - so that's obviously wrong and not needed.
Looking further, the crash in jqueryui is in:
/* Generate the date picker content. */
_updateDatepicker: function(inst) {
this.maxRows = 4; //Reset the max number of rows being displayed (see #7043)
datepicker_instActive = inst; // for delegate hover events
inst.dpDiv.empty().append(this._generateHTML(inst));
this._attachHandlers(inst);
and inst.pdDiv does not exist.
Investigating further - I realized that what was needed was:
$formControl = $duedate.find("input");
$formControl.val('');
$formControl.removeData();
Which solved my problem. Note I also needed the $formControl.removeData() otherwise the state of the widget would not be reinitialized to the initial state.
I hope this helps someone else. :-)
How to check which locks are held on a table
You can find blocking sql and wait sql by running this:
SELECT
t1.resource_type ,
DB_NAME( resource_database_id) AS dat_name ,
t1.resource_associated_entity_id,
t1.request_mode,
t1.request_session_id,
t2.wait_duration_ms,
( SELECT TEXT FROM sys.dm_exec_requests r CROSS apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text ( r.sql_handle ) WHERE r.session_id = t1.request_session_id ) AS wait_sql,
t2.blocking_session_id,
( SELECT TEXT FROM sys.sysprocesses p CROSS apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text ( p.sql_handle ) WHERE p.spid = t2.blocking_session_id ) AS blocking_sql
FROM
sys.dm_tran_locks t1,
sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks t2
WHERE
t1.lock_owner_address = t2.resource_address
How to format JSON in notepad++
The answer was to install the plugin individually. I installed all the three plugins shown in the screenshot together. And it created the issue. I had to install each plugin individually and then it worked fine. I am able to format the JSON string.
How to show two figures using matplotlib?
Alternatively, I would suggest turning interactive on in the beginning and at the very last plot, turn it off. All will show up, but they will not disappear as your program will stay around until you close the figures.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import interactive
plt.figure(1)
... code to make figure (1)
interactive(True)
plt.show()
plt.figure(2)
... code to make figure (2)
plt.show()
plt.figure(3)
... code to make figure (3)
interactive(False)
plt.show()
ASP.NET MVC Razor render without encoding
In case of ActionLink, it generally uses HttpUtility.Encode on the link text.
In that case
you can use
HttpUtility.HtmlDecode(myString)
it worked for me when using HtmlActionLink to decode the string that I wanted to pass. eg:
@Html.ActionLink(HttpUtility.HtmlDecode("myString","ActionName",..)
Disable all table constraints in Oracle
SELECT 'ALTER TABLE '||substr(c.table_name,1,35)||
' DISABLE CONSTRAINT '||constraint_name||' ;'
FROM user_constraints c, user_tables u
WHERE c.table_name = u.table_name;
This statement returns the commands which turn off all the constraints including primary key, foreign keys, and another constraints.
Multiple "order by" in LINQ
If use generic repository
> lstModule = _ModuleRepository.GetAll().OrderBy(x => new { x.Level,
> x.Rank}).ToList();
else
> _db.Module.Where(x=> ......).OrderBy(x => new { x.Level, x.Rank}).ToList();
How to vertically center <div> inside the parent element with CSS?
@GáborNagy's comment on another post was the simplest solution I could find and worked like a charm for me, since he brought a jsfiddle I'm copying it here with a small addition:
CSS:
#wrapper {
display: table;
height: 150px;
width: 800px;
border: 1px solid red;
}
#cell {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
}
HTML:
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="cell">
<div class="content">
Content goes here
</div>
</div>
</div>
If you wish to also align it horizontally you'd have to add another div "inner-cell" inside the "cell" div, and give it this style:
#inner-cell{
width: 250px;
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
}
CSS display: inline vs inline-block
Inline elements:
- respect left & right margins and padding, but not top & bottom
- cannot have a width and height set
- allow other elements to sit to their left and right.
- see very important side notes on this here.
Block elements:
- respect all of those
- force a line break after the block element
- acquires full-width if width not defined
Inline-block elements:
- allow other elements to sit to their left and right
- respect top & bottom margins and padding
- respect height and width
From W3Schools:
An inline element has no line break before or after it, and it tolerates HTML elements next to it.
A block element has some whitespace above and below it and does not tolerate any HTML elements next to it.
An inline-block element is placed as an inline element (on the same line as adjacent content), but it behaves as a block element.
When you visualize this, it looks like this:
The image is taken from this page, which also talks some more about this subject.
How to unblock with mysqladmin flush hosts
You should put it into command line in windows.
mysqladmin -u [username] -p flush-hosts
**** [MySQL password]
or
mysqladmin flush-hosts -u [username] -p
**** [MySQL password]
For network login use the following command:
mysqladmin -h <RDS ENDPOINT URL> -P <PORT> -u <USER> -p flush-hosts
mysqladmin -h [YOUR RDS END POINT URL] -P 3306 -u [DB USER] -p flush-hosts
you can permanently solution your problem by editing my.ini file[Mysql configuration file]
change variables max_connections = 10000;
or
login into MySQL using command line -
mysql -u [username] -p
**** [MySQL password]
put the below command into MySQL window
SET GLOBAL max_connect_errors=10000;
set global max_connections = 200;
check veritable using command-
show variables like "max_connections";
show variables like "max_connect_errors";
IE 8: background-size fix
As posted by 'Dan' in a similar thread, there is a possible fix if you're not using a sprite:
How do I make background-size work in IE?
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(
src='images/logo.gif',
sizingMethod='scale');
-ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(
src='images/logo.gif',
sizingMethod='scale')";
However, this scales the entire image to fit in the allocated area. So
if your using a sprite, this may cause issues.
Caution
The filter has a flaw, any links inside the allocated area are no longer clickable.
Python Remove last char from string and return it
Not only is it the preferred way, it's the only reasonable way. Because strings are immutable, in order to "remove" a char from a string you have to create a new string whenever you want a different string value.
You may be wondering why strings are immutable, given that you have to make a whole new string every time you change a character. After all, C strings are just arrays of characters and are thus mutable, and some languages that support strings more cleanly than C allow mutable strings as well. There are two reasons to have immutable strings: security/safety and performance.
Security is probably the most important reason for strings to be immutable. When strings are immutable, you can't pass a string into some library and then have that string change from under your feet when you don't expect it. You may wonder which library would change string parameters, but if you're shipping code to clients you can't control their versions of the standard library, and malicious clients may change out their standard libraries in order to break your program and find out more about its internals. Immutable objects are also easier to reason about, which is really important when you try to prove that your system is secure against particular threats. This ease of reasoning is especially important for thread safety, since immutable objects are automatically thread-safe.
Performance is surprisingly often better for immutable strings. Whenever you take a slice of a string, the Python runtime only places a view over the original string, so there is no new string allocation. Since strings are immutable, you get copy semantics without actually copying, which is a real performance win.
Eric Lippert explains more about the rationale behind immutable of strings (in C#, not Python) here.
Android 6.0 multiple permissions
Refer this link for full understand of multiple permission, also full source code download, click Here
private boolean checkAndRequestPermissions() {
int permissionReadPhoneState = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
int permissionProcessOutGogingCalls = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS);
int permissionProcessReadContacts = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS);
int permissionProcessReadCallLog = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CALL_LOG);
int permissionWriteStorage = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
int permissionReadStorage = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
List<String> listPermissionsNeeded = new ArrayList<>();
if (permissionReadPhoneState != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
listPermissionsNeeded.add(Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
}
if (permissionProcessOutGogingCalls != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
listPermissionsNeeded.add(Manifest.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS);
}
if (permissionProcessReadContacts != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
listPermissionsNeeded.add(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS);
}
if (permissionProcessReadCallLog != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
listPermissionsNeeded.add(Manifest.permission.READ_CALL_LOG);
}
if (permissionWriteStorage != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
listPermissionsNeeded.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
}
if (permissionReadStorage != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
listPermissionsNeeded.add(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
}
if (!listPermissionsNeeded.isEmpty()) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, listPermissionsNeeded.toArray(new String[listPermissionsNeeded.size()]), REQUEST_ID_MULTIPLE_PERMISSIONS);
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (grantResults.length == 0 || grantResults == null) {
/*If result is null*/
} else if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
/*If We accept permission*/
} else if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
/*If We Decline permission*/
}
}
Stretch Image to Fit 100% of Div Height and Width
You're mixing notations. It should be:
<img src="folder/file.jpg" width="200" height="200">
(note, no px). Or:
<img src="folder/file.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;">
(using the style attribute) The style attribute could be replaced with the following CSS:
#mydiv img {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
or
#mydiv img {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
How to get the size of the current screen in WPF?
If you use any full screen window (having its WindowState = WindowState.Maximized, WindowStyle = WindowStyle.None
), you can wrap its contents in System.Windows.Controls.Canvas
like this:
<Canvas Name="MyCanvas" Width="auto" Height="auto">
...
</Canvas>
Then you can use MyCanvas.ActualWidth
and MyCanvas.ActualHeight
to get the resolution of the current screen, with DPI settings taken into account and in device independent units.
It doesn't add any margins as the maximized window itself does.
(Canvas accepts UIElement
s as children, so you should be able to use it with any content.)
How to add/update child entities when updating a parent entity in EF
Because I hate repeating complex logic, here's a generic version of Slauma's solution.
Here's my update method. Note that in a detached scenario, sometimes your code will read data and then update it, so it's not always detached.
public async Task UpdateAsync(TempOrder order)
{
order.CheckNotNull(nameof(order));
order.OrderId.CheckNotNull(nameof(order.OrderId));
order.DateModified = _dateService.UtcNow;
if (_context.Entry(order).State == EntityState.Modified)
{
await _context.SaveChangesAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
}
else // Detached.
{
var existing = await SelectAsync(order.OrderId!.Value).ConfigureAwait(false);
if (existing != null)
{
order.DateModified = _dateService.UtcNow;
_context.TrackChildChanges(order.Products, existing.Products, (a, b) => a.OrderProductId == b.OrderProductId);
await _context.SaveChangesAsync(order, existing).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
}
}
CheckNotNull is defined here.
Create these extension methods.
/// <summary>
/// Tracks changes on childs models by comparing with latest database state.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of model to track.</typeparam>
/// <param name="context">The database context tracking changes.</param>
/// <param name="childs">The childs to update, detached from the context.</param>
/// <param name="existingChilds">The latest existing data, attached to the context.</param>
/// <param name="match">A function to match models by their primary key(s).</param>
public static void TrackChildChanges<T>(this DbContext context, IList<T> childs, IList<T> existingChilds, Func<T, T, bool> match)
where T : class
{
context.CheckNotNull(nameof(context));
childs.CheckNotNull(nameof(childs));
existingChilds.CheckNotNull(nameof(existingChilds));
// Delete childs.
foreach (var existing in existingChilds.ToList())
{
if (!childs.Any(c => match(c, existing)))
{
existingChilds.Remove(existing);
}
}
// Update and Insert childs.
var existingChildsCopy = existingChilds.ToList();
foreach (var item in childs.ToList())
{
var existing = existingChildsCopy
.Where(c => match(c, item))
.SingleOrDefault();
if (existing != null)
{
// Update child.
context.Entry(existing).CurrentValues.SetValues(item);
}
else
{
// Insert child.
existingChilds.Add(item);
// context.Entry(item).State = EntityState.Added;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Saves changes to a detached model by comparing it with the latest data.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of model to save.</typeparam>
/// <param name="context">The database context tracking changes.</param>
/// <param name="model">The model object to save.</param>
/// <param name="existing">The latest model data.</param>
public static void SaveChanges<T>(this DbContext context, T model, T existing)
where T : class
{
context.CheckNotNull(nameof(context));
model.CheckNotNull(nameof(context));
context.Entry(existing).CurrentValues.SetValues(model);
context.SaveChanges();
}
/// <summary>
/// Saves changes to a detached model by comparing it with the latest data.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of model to save.</typeparam>
/// <param name="context">The database context tracking changes.</param>
/// <param name="model">The model object to save.</param>
/// <param name="existing">The latest model data.</param>
/// <param name="cancellationToken">A cancellation token to cancel the operation.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static async Task SaveChangesAsync<T>(this DbContext context, T model, T existing, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
where T : class
{
context.CheckNotNull(nameof(context));
model.CheckNotNull(nameof(context));
context.Entry(existing).CurrentValues.SetValues(model);
await context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
How to add property to object in PHP >= 5.3 strict mode without generating error
I don't know whether its the newer version of php, but this works. I'm using php 5.6
<?php
class Person
{
public $name;
public function save()
{
print_r($this);
}
}
$p = new Person;
$p->name = "Ganga";
$p->age = 23;
$p->save();
This is the result. The save method actually gets the new property
Person Object
(
[name] => Ganga
[age] => 23
)
How to perform a sum of an int[] array
Here is an efficient way to solve this question using For loops in Java
public static void main(String[] args) {
int [] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
int size = numbers.length;
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
sum += numbers[i];
}
System.out.println(sum);
}
Foreign Key to non-primary key
As others have pointed out, ideally, the foreign key would be created as a reference to a primary key (usually an IDENTITY column). However, we don't live in an ideal world, and sometimes even a "small" change to a schema can have significant ripple effects to the application logic.
Consider the case of a Customer table with a SSN column (and a dumb primary key), and a Claim table that also contains a SSN column (populated by business logic from the Customer data, but no FK exists). The design is flawed, but has been in use for several years, and three different applications have been built on the schema. It should be obvious that ripping out Claim.SSN and putting in a real PK-FK relationship would be ideal, but would also be a significant overhaul. On the other hand, putting a UNIQUE constraint on Customer.SSN, and adding a FK on Claim.SSN, could provide referential integrity, with little or no impact on the applications.
Don't get me wrong, I'm all for normalization, but sometimes pragmatism wins over idealism. If a mediocre design can be helped with a band-aid, surgery might be avoided.
Selenium and xpath: finding a div with a class/id and verifying text inside
To account for leading and trailing whitespace, you probably want to use normalize-space()
//div[contains(@class, 'Caption') and normalize-space(.)='Model saved']
and
//div[@id='alertLabel' and normalize-space(.)='Save to server successful']
Note that //div[contains(@class, 'Caption') and normalize-space(.//text())='Model saved']
also works.
How to execute a Ruby script in Terminal?
Open your terminal and open folder where file is saved.
Ex /home/User1/program/test.rb
- Open terminal
cd /home/User1/program
ruby test.rb
format or test.rb
class Test
def initialize
puts "I love India"
end
end
# initialize object
Test.new
output
I love India
@AspectJ pointcut for all methods of a class with specific annotation
From Spring's AnnotationTransactionAspect
:
/**
* Matches the execution of any public method in a type with the Transactional
* annotation, or any subtype of a type with the Transactional annotation.
*/
private pointcut executionOfAnyPublicMethodInAtTransactionalType() :
execution(public * ((@Transactional *)+).*(..)) && within(@Transactional *);
Best PHP IDE for Mac? (Preferably free!)
Here's the lowdown on Mac IDE's for PHP
NetBeans
Free! Plus, the best functionality of all offerings. Includes inline database connections, code completion, syntax checking, color coding, split views etc. Downside: It's a memory hog on the Mac. Be prepared to allow half a gig of memory then you'll need to shut down and restart.
Komodo
A step above a Text Editor. Does not support database connections or split views. Color coding and syntax checking are there to an extent. The project control on Komodo is very unwieldy and strange compared to the other IDEs.
Aptana
The perfect solution. Eclipsed based and uses the Aptana PHP plug in. Real time syntax checking, word wrap, drag and drop split views, database connections and a slew of other excellent features. Downside: Not a supported product any more. Aptana Studio 2.0+ uses PDT which is a watered down, under-developed (at present) php plug in.
Zend Studio - Almost identical to Aptana, except no word wrap and you can't change alot of the php configuration on the MAC apparently due to bugs.
Coda Created by Panic, Coda has nice integration with source control and their popular FTP client, transmit. They also have a collaboration feature which is cool for pair-programming.
PhpEd with Parallels or Wine. The best IDE for Windows has all the feature you could need and is worth the effort to pass it through either Parallels or Wine.
Dreamweaver
Good for Javascript/HTML/CSS, but only marginal for PHP. There is some color coding, but no syntax checking or code completion native to the package. Database connections are supported, and so are split views.
I'm using NetBeans, which is free, and feature rich. I can deal with the memory issues for a while, but it could be slow coming to the MAC.
Cheers!
Korky Kathman
Senior Partner
Entropy Dynamics, LLC
Implement touch using Python?
Looks like this is new as of Python 3.4 - pathlib
.
from pathlib import Path
Path('path/to/file.txt').touch()
This will create a file.txt
at the path.
--
Path.touch(mode=0o777, exist_ok=True)
Create a file at this given path. If mode is given, it is combined with the process’ umask value to determine the file mode and access flags. If the file already exists, the function succeeds if exist_ok is true (and its modification time is updated to the current time), otherwise FileExistsError is raised.
Check if character is number?
You can try this (worked in my case)
If you want to test if the first char of a string is an int:
if (parseInt(YOUR_STRING.slice(0, 1))) {
alert("first char is int")
} else {
alert("first char is not int")
}
If you want to test if the char is a int:
if (parseInt(YOUR_CHAR)) {
alert("first char is int")
} else {
alert("first char is not int")
}
Return a "NULL" object if search result not found
As you have figured out that you cannot do it the way you have done in Java (or C#). Here is another suggestion, you could pass in the reference of the object as an argument and return bool value. If the result is found in your collection, you could assign it to the reference being passed and return ‘true’, otherwise return ‘false’. Please consider this code.
typedef std::map<string, Operator> OPERATORS_MAP;
bool OperatorList::tryGetOperator(string token, Operator& op)
{
bool val = false;
OPERATORS_MAP::iterator it = m_operators.find(token);
if (it != m_operators.end())
{
op = it->second;
val = true;
}
return val;
}
The function above has to find the Operator against the key 'token', if it finds the one it returns true and assign the value to parameter Operator& op.
The caller code for this routine looks like this
Operator opr;
if (OperatorList::tryGetOperator(strOperator, opr))
{
//Do something here if true is returned.
}
Updating the list view when the adapter data changes
Change this line:
mMyListView.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,
listItems));
to:
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,
listItems)
mMyListView.setAdapter(adapter);
and after updating the value of a list item, call:
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
Is it possible to 'prefill' a google form using data from a google spreadsheet?
You can create a pre-filled form URL from within the Form Editor, as described in the documentation for Drive Forms. You'll end up with a URL like this, for example:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/--form-id--/viewform?entry.726721210=Mike+Jones&entry.787184751=1975-05-09&entry.1381372492&entry.960923899
buildUrls()
In this example, question 1, "Name", has an ID of 726721210
, while question 2, "Birthday" is 787184751
. Questions 3 and 4 are blank.
You could generate the pre-filled URL by adapting the one provided through the UI to be a template, like this:
function buildUrls() {
var template = "https://docs.google.com/forms/d/--form-id--/viewform?entry.726721210=##Name##&entry.787184751=##Birthday##&entry.1381372492&entry.960923899";
var ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Sheet1"); // Email, Name, Birthday
var data = ss.getDataRange().getValues();
// Skip headers, then build URLs for each row in Sheet1.
for (var i = 1; i < data.length; i++ ) {
var url = template.replace('##Name##',escape(data[i][1]))
.replace('##Birthday##',data[i][2].yyyymmdd()); // see yyyymmdd below
Logger.log(url); // You could do something more useful here.
}
};
This is effective enough - you could email the pre-filled URL to each person, and they'd have some questions already filled in.
betterBuildUrls()
Instead of creating our template using brute force, we can piece it together programmatically. This will have the advantage that we can re-use the code without needing to remember to change the template.
Each question in a form is an item. For this example, let's assume the form has only 4 questions, as you've described them. Item [0]
is "Name", [1]
is "Birthday", and so on.
We can create a form response, which we won't submit - instead, we'll partially complete the form, only to get the pre-filled form URL. Since the Forms API understands the data types of each item, we can avoid manipulating the string format of dates and other types, which simplifies our code somewhat.
(EDIT: There's a more general version of this in How to prefill Google form checkboxes?)
/**
* Use Form API to generate pre-filled form URLs
*/
function betterBuildUrls() {
var ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
var sheet = ss.getSheetByName("Sheet1");
var data = ss.getDataRange().getValues(); // Data for pre-fill
var formUrl = ss.getFormUrl(); // Use form attached to sheet
var form = FormApp.openByUrl(formUrl);
var items = form.getItems();
// Skip headers, then build URLs for each row in Sheet1.
for (var i = 1; i < data.length; i++ ) {
// Create a form response object, and prefill it
var formResponse = form.createResponse();
// Prefill Name
var formItem = items[0].asTextItem();
var response = formItem.createResponse(data[i][1]);
formResponse.withItemResponse(response);
// Prefill Birthday
formItem = items[1].asDateItem();
response = formItem.createResponse(data[i][2]);
formResponse.withItemResponse(response);
// Get prefilled form URL
var url = formResponse.toPrefilledUrl();
Logger.log(url); // You could do something more useful here.
}
};
yymmdd Function
Any date item in the pre-filled form URL is expected to be in this format: yyyy-mm-dd
. This helper function extends the Date object with a new method to handle the conversion.
When reading dates from a spreadsheet, you'll end up with a javascript Date object, as long as the format of the data is recognizable as a date. (Your example is not recognizable, so instead of May 9th 1975
you could use 5/9/1975
.)
// From http://blog.justin.kelly.org.au/simple-javascript-function-to-format-the-date-as-yyyy-mm-dd/
Date.prototype.yyyymmdd = function() {
var yyyy = this.getFullYear().toString();
var mm = (this.getMonth()+1).toString(); // getMonth() is zero-based
var dd = this.getDate().toString();
return yyyy + '-' + (mm[1]?mm:"0"+mm[0]) + '-' + (dd[1]?dd:"0"+dd[0]);
};
Display alert message and redirect after click on accept
The redirect
function cleans the output buffer and does a header('Location:...');
redirection and exits script execution. The part you are trying to echo will never be outputted.
You should either notify on the download page or notify on the page you redirect to about the missing data.
SQL Server CTE and recursion example
--DROP TABLE #Employee
CREATE TABLE #Employee(EmpId BIGINT IDENTITY,EmpName VARCHAR(25),Designation VARCHAR(25),ManagerID BIGINT)
INSERT INTO #Employee VALUES('M11M','Manager',NULL)
INSERT INTO #Employee VALUES('P11P','Manager',NULL)
INSERT INTO #Employee VALUES('AA','Clerk',1)
INSERT INTO #Employee VALUES('AB','Assistant',1)
INSERT INTO #Employee VALUES('ZC','Supervisor',2)
INSERT INTO #Employee VALUES('ZD','Security',2)
SELECT * FROM #Employee (NOLOCK)
;
WITH Emp_CTE
AS
(
SELECT EmpId,EmpName,Designation, ManagerID
,CASE WHEN ManagerID IS NULL THEN EmpId ELSE ManagerID END ManagerID_N
FROM #Employee
)
select EmpId,EmpName,Designation, ManagerID
FROM Emp_CTE
order BY ManagerID_N, EmpId
How do I initialize a TypeScript Object with a JSON-Object?
I personally prefer option #3 of @Ingo Bürk.
And I improved his codes to support an array of complex data and Array of primitive data.
interface IDeserializable {
getTypes(): Object;
}
class Utility {
static deserializeJson<T>(jsonObj: object, classType: any): T {
let instanceObj = new classType();
let types: IDeserializable;
if (instanceObj && instanceObj.getTypes) {
types = instanceObj.getTypes();
}
for (var prop in jsonObj) {
if (!(prop in instanceObj)) {
continue;
}
let jsonProp = jsonObj[prop];
if (this.isObject(jsonProp)) {
instanceObj[prop] =
types && types[prop]
? this.deserializeJson(jsonProp, types[prop])
: jsonProp;
} else if (this.isArray(jsonProp)) {
instanceObj[prop] = [];
for (let index = 0; index < jsonProp.length; index++) {
const elem = jsonProp[index];
if (this.isObject(elem) && types && types[prop]) {
instanceObj[prop].push(this.deserializeJson(elem, types[prop]));
} else {
instanceObj[prop].push(elem);
}
}
} else {
instanceObj[prop] = jsonProp;
}
}
return instanceObj;
}
//#region ### get types ###
/**
* check type of value be string
* @param {*} value
*/
static isString(value: any) {
return typeof value === "string" || value instanceof String;
}
/**
* check type of value be array
* @param {*} value
*/
static isNumber(value: any) {
return typeof value === "number" && isFinite(value);
}
/**
* check type of value be array
* @param {*} value
*/
static isArray(value: any) {
return value && typeof value === "object" && value.constructor === Array;
}
/**
* check type of value be object
* @param {*} value
*/
static isObject(value: any) {
return value && typeof value === "object" && value.constructor === Object;
}
/**
* check type of value be boolean
* @param {*} value
*/
static isBoolean(value: any) {
return typeof value === "boolean";
}
//#endregion
}
// #region ### Models ###
class Hotel implements IDeserializable {
id: number = 0;
name: string = "";
address: string = "";
city: City = new City(); // complex data
roomTypes: Array<RoomType> = []; // array of complex data
facilities: Array<string> = []; // array of primitive data
// getter example
get nameAndAddress() {
return `${this.name} ${this.address}`;
}
// function example
checkRoom() {
return true;
}
// this function will be use for getting run-time type information
getTypes() {
return {
city: City,
roomTypes: RoomType
};
}
}
class RoomType implements IDeserializable {
id: number = 0;
name: string = "";
roomPrices: Array<RoomPrice> = [];
// getter example
get totalPrice() {
return this.roomPrices.map(x => x.price).reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0);
}
getTypes() {
return {
roomPrices: RoomPrice
};
}
}
class RoomPrice {
price: number = 0;
date: string = "";
}
class City {
id: number = 0;
name: string = "";
}
// #endregion
// #region ### test code ###
var jsonObj = {
id: 1,
name: "hotel1",
address: "address1",
city: {
id: 1,
name: "city1"
},
roomTypes: [
{
id: 1,
name: "single",
roomPrices: [
{
price: 1000,
date: "2020-02-20"
},
{
price: 1500,
date: "2020-02-21"
}
]
},
{
id: 2,
name: "double",
roomPrices: [
{
price: 2000,
date: "2020-02-20"
},
{
price: 2500,
date: "2020-02-21"
}
]
}
],
facilities: ["facility1", "facility2"]
};
var hotelInstance = Utility.deserializeJson<Hotel>(jsonObj, Hotel);
console.log(hotelInstance.city.name);
console.log(hotelInstance.nameAndAddress); // getter
console.log(hotelInstance.checkRoom()); // function
console.log(hotelInstance.roomTypes[0].totalPrice); // getter
// #endregion
What's the right way to pass form element state to sibling/parent elements?
Five years later with introduction of React Hooks there is now much more elegant way of doing it with use useContext hook.
You define context in a global scope, export variables, objects and functions in the parent component and then wrap children in the App in a context provided and import whatever you need in child components. Below is a proof of concept.
import React, { useState, useContext } from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import styles from "./styles.css";
// Create context container in a global scope so it can be visible by every component
const ContextContainer = React.createContext(null);
const initialAppState = {
selected: "Nothing"
};
function App() {
// The app has a state variable and update handler
const [appState, updateAppState] = useState(initialAppState);
return (
<div>
<h1>Passing state between components</h1>
{/*
This is a context provider. We wrap in it any children that might want to access
App's variables.
In 'value' you can pass as many objects, functions as you want.
We wanna share appState and its handler with child components,
*/}
<ContextContainer.Provider value={{ appState, updateAppState }}>
{/* Here we load some child components */}
<Book title="GoT" price="10" />
<DebugNotice />
</ContextContainer.Provider>
</div>
);
}
// Child component Book
function Book(props) {
// Inside the child component you can import whatever the context provider allows.
// Earlier we passed value={{ appState, updateAppState }}
// In this child we need the appState and the update handler
const { appState, updateAppState } = useContext(ContextContainer);
function handleCommentChange(e) {
//Here on button click we call updateAppState as we would normally do in the App
// It adds/updates comment property with input value to the appState
updateAppState({ ...appState, comment: e.target.value });
}
return (
<div className="book">
<h2>{props.title}</h2>
<p>${props.price}</p>
<input
type="text"
//Controlled Component. Value is reverse vound the value of the variable in state
value={appState.comment}
onChange={handleCommentChange}
/>
<br />
<button
type="button"
// Here on button click we call updateAppState as we would normally do in the app
onClick={() => updateAppState({ ...appState, selected: props.title })}
>
Select This Book
</button>
</div>
);
}
// Just another child component
function DebugNotice() {
// Inside the child component you can import whatever the context provider allows.
// Earlier we passed value={{ appState, updateAppState }}
// but in this child we only need the appState to display its value
const { appState } = useContext(ContextContainer);
/* Here we pretty print the current state of the appState */
return (
<div className="state">
<h2>appState</h2>
<pre>{JSON.stringify(appState, null, 2)}</pre>
</div>
);
}
const rootElement = document.body;
ReactDOM.render(<App />, rootElement);
You can run this example in the Code Sandbox editor.
Checking if a SQL Server login already exists
From here
If not Exists (select loginname from master.dbo.syslogins
where name = @loginName and dbname = 'PUBS')
Begin
Select @SqlStatement = 'CREATE LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME(@loginName) + '
FROM WINDOWS WITH DEFAULT_DATABASE=[PUBS], DEFAULT_LANGUAGE=[us_english]')
EXEC sp_executesql @SqlStatement
End
Setting different color for each series in scatter plot on matplotlib
I don't know what you mean by 'manually'. You can choose a colourmap and make a colour array easily enough:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cm as cm
x = np.arange(10)
ys = [i+x+(i*x)**2 for i in range(10)]
colors = cm.rainbow(np.linspace(0, 1, len(ys)))
for y, c in zip(ys, colors):
plt.scatter(x, y, color=c)
Or you can make your own colour cycler using itertools.cycle
and specifying the colours you want to loop over, using next
to get the one you want. For example, with 3 colours:
import itertools
colors = itertools.cycle(["r", "b", "g"])
for y in ys:
plt.scatter(x, y, color=next(colors))
Come to think of it, maybe it's cleaner not to use zip
with the first one neither:
colors = iter(cm.rainbow(np.linspace(0, 1, len(ys))))
for y in ys:
plt.scatter(x, y, color=next(colors))
mappedBy reference an unknown target entity property
I know the answer by @Pascal Thivent has solved the issue. I would like to add a bit more to his answer to others who might be surfing this thread.
If you are like me in the initial days of learning and wrapping your head around the concept of using the @OneToMany
annotation with the 'mappedBy
' property, it also means that the other side holding the @ManyToOne
annotation with the @JoinColumn
is the 'owner' of this bi-directional relationship.
Also, mappedBy
takes in the instance name (mCustomer
in this example) of the Class variable as an input and not the Class-Type (ex:Customer) or the entity name(Ex:customer).
BONUS :
Also, look into the orphanRemoval
property of @OneToMany
annotation. If it is set to true, then if a parent is deleted in a bi-directional relationship, Hibernate automatically deletes it's children.
Reduce left and right margins in matplotlib plot
In case anybody wonders how how to get rid of the rest of the white margin after applying plt.tight_layout()
or fig.tight_layout()
: With the parameter pad
(which is 1.08
by default), you're able to make it even tighter:
"Padding between the figure edge and the edges of subplots, as a fraction of the font size."
So for example
plt.tight_layout(pad=0.05)
will reduce it to a very small margin. Putting 0
doesn't work for me, as it makes the box of the subplot be cut off a little, too.
Why does jQuery or a DOM method such as getElementById not find the element?
The element you were trying to find wasn’t in the DOM when your script ran.
The position of your DOM-reliant script can have a profound effect upon its behavior. Browsers parse HTML documents from top to bottom. Elements are added to the DOM and scripts are (generally) executed as they're encountered. This means that order matters. Typically, scripts can't find elements which appear later in the markup because those elements have yet to be added to the DOM.
Consider the following markup; script #1 fails to find the <div>
while script #2 succeeds:
_x000D_
_x000D_
<script>_x000D_
console.log("script #1: %o", document.getElementById("test")); // null_x000D_
</script>_x000D_
<div id="test">test div</div>_x000D_
<script>_x000D_
console.log("script #2: %o", document.getElementById("test")); // <div id="test" ..._x000D_
</script>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
So, what should you do? You've got a few options:
Option 1: Move your script
Move your script further down the page, just before the closing body tag. Organized in this fashion, the rest of the document is parsed before your script is executed:
_x000D_
_x000D_
<body>_x000D_
<button id="test">click me</button>_x000D_
<script>_x000D_
document.getElementById("test").addEventListener("click", function() {_x000D_
console.log("clicked: %o", this);_x000D_
});_x000D_
</script>_x000D_
</body><!-- closing body tag -->
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
Note: Placing scripts at the bottom is generally considered a best practice.
Option 2: jQuery's ready()
Defer your script until the DOM has been completely parsed, using $(handler)
:
_x000D_
_x000D_
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>_x000D_
<script>_x000D_
$(function() {_x000D_
$("#test").click(function() {_x000D_
console.log("clicked: %o", this);_x000D_
});_x000D_
});_x000D_
</script>_x000D_
<button id="test">click me</button>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
Note: You could simply bind to DOMContentLoaded
or window.onload
but each has its caveats. jQuery's ready()
delivers a hybrid solution.
Option 3: Event Delegation
Delegated events have the advantage that they can process events from descendant elements that are added to the document at a later time.
When an element raises an event (provided that it's a bubbling event and nothing stops its propagation), each parent in that element's ancestry receives the event as well. That allows us to attach a handler to an existing element and sample events as they bubble up from its descendants... even those added after the handler is attached. All we have to do is check the event to see whether it was raised by the desired element and, if so, run our code.
jQuery's on()
performs that logic for us. We simply provide an event name, a selector for the desired descendant, and an event handler:
_x000D_
_x000D_
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>_x000D_
<script>_x000D_
$(document).on("click", "#test", function(e) {_x000D_
console.log("clicked: %o", this);_x000D_
});_x000D_
</script>_x000D_
<button id="test">click me</button>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
Note: Typically, this pattern is reserved for elements which didn't exist at load-time or to avoid attaching a large amount of handlers. It's also worth pointing out that while I've attached a handler to document
(for demonstrative purposes), you should select the nearest reliable ancestor.
Option 4: The defer
attribute
Use the defer
attribute of <script>
.
[defer
, a Boolean attribute,] is set to indicate to a browser that the script is meant to be executed after the document has been parsed, but before firing DOMContentLoaded
.
_x000D_
_x000D_
<script src="https://gh-canon.github.io/misc-demos/log-test-click.js" defer></script>_x000D_
<button id="test">click me</button>
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
For reference, here's the code from that external script:
document.getElementById("test").addEventListener("click", function(e){
console.log("clicked: %o", this);
});
Note: The defer
attribute certainly seems like a magic bullet but it's important to be aware of the caveats...
1. defer
can only be used for external scripts, i.e.: those having a src
attribute.
2. be aware of browser support, i.e.: buggy implementation in IE < 10
Deep copy in ES6 using the spread syntax
function deepclone(obj) {
let newObj = {};
if (typeof obj === 'object') {
for (let key in obj) {
let property = obj[key],
type = typeof property;
switch (type) {
case 'object':
if( Object.prototype.toString.call( property ) === '[object Array]' ) {
newObj[key] = [];
for (let item of property) {
newObj[key].push(this.deepclone(item))
}
} else {
newObj[key] = deepclone(property);
}
break;
default:
newObj[key] = property;
break;
}
}
return newObj
} else {
return obj;
}
}
Vagrant stuck connection timeout retrying
It used to help to switch to trusty32, but the situation now got worse again:
I tried to use Homestead 2.0 and now I've got the Connection Timeout problem again,
which would't usually be a problem, because switching to 32bit helped before.
But now I can't just add a line like
config.vm.box="ubuntu/trusty32"
because we don't have a classic Homestead.yaml file anymore,
the values in the new 2.0 Homestead.yaml file just seem to be inserted into
the real one in the background and there ist no Vagrantfile available that I
could manually edit ...
Hope someone can help ...
How to add multiple values to a dictionary key in python?
Make the value a list, e.g.
a["abc"] = [1, 2, "bob"]
UPDATE:
There are a couple of ways to add values to key, and to create a list if one isn't already there. I'll show one such method in little steps.
key = "somekey"
a.setdefault(key, [])
a[key].append(1)
Results:
>>> a
{'somekey': [1]}
Next, try:
key = "somekey"
a.setdefault(key, [])
a[key].append(2)
Results:
>>> a
{'somekey': [1, 2]}
The magic of setdefault
is that it initializes the value for that key if that key is not defined, otherwise it does nothing. Now, noting that setdefault
returns the key you can combine these into a single line:
a.setdefault("somekey",[]).append("bob")
Results:
>>> a
{'somekey': [1, 2, 'bob']}
You should look at the dict
methods, in particular the get()
method, and do some experiments to get comfortable with this.
Rmi connection refused with localhost
It seems to work when I replace the
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("rmiregistry 2020");
by
LocateRegistry.createRegistry(2020);
anyone an idea why? What's the difference?
Class Not Found: Empty Test Suite in IntelliJ
This can happen (at least once for me ;) after installing the new version of IntelliJ and the IntelliJ plugins have not yet updated.
You may have to manually do the Check for updates…
from IntelliJ Help menu.
matplotlib.pyplot will not forget previous plots - how can I flush/refresh?
I would rather use plt.clf()
after every plt.show()
to just clear the current figure instead of closing and reopening it, keeping the window size and giving you a better performance and much better memory usage.
Similarly, you could do plt.cla()
to just clear the current axes.
To clear a specific axes, useful when you have multiple axes within one figure, you could do for example:
fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2)
axes[0, 1].clear()
Comparing two joda DateTime instances
DateTime
inherits its equals
method from AbstractInstant
. It is implemented as such
public boolean equals(Object readableInstant) { // must be to fulfil ReadableInstant contract if (this == readableInstant) { return true; } if (readableInstant instanceof ReadableInstant == false) { return false; } ReadableInstant otherInstant = (ReadableInstant) readableInstant; return getMillis() == otherInstant.getMillis() && FieldUtils.equals(getChronology(), otherInstant.getChronology()); }
Notice the last line comparing chronology. It's possible your instances' chronologies are different.
Convert categorical data in pandas dataframe
For converting categorical data in column C of dataset data, we need to do the following:
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
labelencoder= LabelEncoder() #initializing an object of class LabelEncoder
data['C'] = labelencoder.fit_transform(data['C']) #fitting and transforming the desired categorical column.
How to convert String into Hashmap in java
Should Use this way to convert into map :
String student[] = students.split("\\{|}");
String id_name[] = student[1].split(",");
Map<String,String> studentIdName = new HashMap<>();
for (String std: id_name) {
String str[] = std.split("=");
studentIdName.put(str[0],str[1]);
}
extracting days from a numpy.timedelta64 value
Use dt.days
to obtain the days attribute as integers.
For eg:
In [14]: s = pd.Series(pd.timedelta_range(start='1 days', end='12 days', freq='3000T'))
In [15]: s
Out[15]:
0 1 days 00:00:00
1 3 days 02:00:00
2 5 days 04:00:00
3 7 days 06:00:00
4 9 days 08:00:00
5 11 days 10:00:00
dtype: timedelta64[ns]
In [16]: s.dt.days
Out[16]:
0 1
1 3
2 5
3 7
4 9
5 11
dtype: int64
More generally - You can use the .components
property to access a reduced form of timedelta
.
In [17]: s.dt.components
Out[17]:
days hours minutes seconds milliseconds microseconds nanoseconds
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 3 2 0 0 0 0 0
2 5 4 0 0 0 0 0
3 7 6 0 0 0 0 0
4 9 8 0 0 0 0 0
5 11 10 0 0 0 0 0
Now, to get the hours
attribute:
In [23]: s.dt.components.hours
Out[23]:
0 0
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
5 10
Name: hours, dtype: int64
Refresh Page and Keep Scroll Position
Thanks Sanoj, that worked for me.
However iOS does not support "onbeforeunload" on iPhone. Workaround for me was to set localStorage with js:
<button onclick="myFunction()">Click me</button>
<script>
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) {
var scrollpos = localStorage.getItem('scrollpos');
if (scrollpos) window.scrollTo(0, scrollpos);
});
function myFunction() {
localStorage.setItem('scrollpos', window.scrollY);
location.reload();
}
</script>
How can I get a channel ID from YouTube?
I just found the simplest way to find the channel ID of any YouTube channel !!
Step 1: Play a video of that channel.
Step 2: Click the channel name under that video.
Step 3: Look at the browser address bar.