What range of values can integer types store in C

Question

Can unsigned long int hold a ten digits number  1 000 000 000 - 9 999 999 999  on a 32-bit computer   Additionally  what are the ranges of unsigned long int   long int  unsigned int  short int  short unsigned int  and int

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Can unsigned long int hold a ten digits number  1 000 000 000 - 9 999 999 999  on a 32-bit computer    No

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In C    now int and other data is stored using 2 s compliment method  That means the range is   -2147483648 to 2147483647   or -2 31 to 2 31-1  1 bit is reserved for 0 so positive value is one less than 2  31

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You should look at the specialisations of the numeric limits lt   template for a given type  Its in the  header

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For unsigned data type there is no sign bit and all bits are for data    whereas for signed data type MSB is indicated sign bit and remaining bits are for data   To find the range do following things    Step 1 -  Find out no of bytes for the give data type   Step 2 -  Apply following calculations         Let n   no of bits in data type          For signed data type                Lower Range   - 2  n-1                Upper Range    2  n-1   - 1           For unsigned data type                Lower Range   0              Upper Range    2  n   - 1    For e g   For unsigned int size   4 bytes  32 bits  --  Range  0    2  32   - 1   For signed int size   4 bytes  32 bits  --    Range  - 2  32-1      2  32-1   - 1

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The size of the numerical types is not defined in the C   standard  although the minimum sizes are  The way to tell what size they are on your platform is to use numeric limits  For example  the maximum value for a int can be found by   std  numeric limits lt int gt   max      Computers don t work in base 10  which means that the maximum value will be in the form of 2n-1 because of how the numbers of represent in memory  Take for example eight bits  1 byte     0100 1000   The right most bit  number  when set to 1 represents 20  the next bit 21  then 22 and so on until we get to the left most bit which if the number is unsigned represents 27   So the number represents 26   23   64   8   72  because the 4th bit from the right and the 7th bit right the left are set   If we set all values to 1   11111111   The number is now  assuming unsigned  128   64   32   16   8   4   2   1   255   28 - 1 And as we can see  that is the largest possible value that can be represented with 8 bits    On my machine and int and a long are the same  each able to hold between -231 to 231 - 1  In my experience the most common size on modern 32 bit desktop machine

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The minimum ranges you can rely on are    short int and int  -32 767 to 32 767 unsigned short int and unsigned int  0 to 65 535 long int  -2 147 483 647 to 2 147 483 647 unsigned long int  0 to 4 294 967 295   This means that no  long int cannot be relied upon to store any 10 digit number   However  a larger type long long int was introduced to C in C99 and C   in C  11  this type is also often supported as an extension by compilers built for older standards that did not include it    The minimum range for this type  if your compiler supports it  is    long long int  -9 223 372 036 854 775 807 to 9 223 372 036 854 775 807 unsigned long long int  0 to 18 446 744 073 709 551 615   So that type will be big enough  again  if you have it available      A note for those who believe I ve made a mistake with these lower bounds - I haven t   The C requirements for the ranges are written to allow for ones  complement or sign-magnitude integer representations  where the lowest representable value and the highest representable value differ only in sign   It is also allowed to have a two s complement representation where the value with sign bit 1 and all value bits 0 is a trap representation rather than a legal value   In other words  int is not required to be able to represent the value -32 768

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You can use the numeric limits lt data type gt   min   and numeric limits lt data type gt   max   functions present in limits header file and find the limits of each data type    include  lt iostream gt   include  lt limits gt  using namespace std  int main         cout lt  lt  Limits of Data types  n           cout lt  lt  char t t t    lt  lt static cast lt int gt  numeric limits lt char gt   min    lt  lt   to   lt  lt static cast lt int gt  numeric limits lt char gt   max    lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  unsigned char t t    lt  lt static cast lt int gt  numeric limits lt unsigned char gt   min    lt  lt   to   lt  lt static cast lt int gt  numeric limits lt unsigned char gt   max    lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  short t t t    lt  lt numeric limits lt short gt   min   lt  lt   to   lt  lt numeric limits lt short gt   max   lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  unsigned short t t    lt  lt numeric limits lt unsigned short gt   min   lt  lt   to   lt  lt numeric limits lt unsigned short gt   max   lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  int t t t    lt  lt numeric limits lt int gt   min   lt  lt   to   lt  lt numeric limits lt int gt   max   lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  unsigned int t t    lt  lt numeric limits lt unsigned int gt   min   lt  lt   to   lt  lt numeric limits lt unsigned int gt   max   lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  long t t t    lt  lt numeric limits lt long gt   min   lt  lt   to   lt  lt numeric limits lt long gt   max   lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  unsigned long t t    lt  lt numeric limits lt unsigned long gt   min   lt  lt   to   lt  lt numeric limits lt unsigned long gt   max   lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  long long t t    lt  lt numeric limits lt long long gt   min   lt  lt   to   lt  lt numeric limits lt long long gt   max   lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  unsiged long long t    lt  lt numeric limits lt unsigned long long gt   min   lt  lt   to   lt  lt numeric limits lt unsigned long long gt   max   lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  float t t t    lt  lt numeric limits lt float gt   min   lt  lt   to   lt  lt numeric limits lt float gt   max   lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  double t t t    lt  lt numeric limits lt double gt   min   lt  lt   to   lt  lt numeric limits lt double gt   max   lt  lt endl      cout lt  lt  long double t t    lt  lt numeric limits lt long double gt   min   lt  lt   to   lt  lt numeric limits lt long double gt   max   lt  lt endl      The output will be  Limits of Data types    char                      -128 to 127 unsigned char             0 to 255 short                     -32768 to 32767 unsigned short            0 to 65535 int                       -2147483648 to 2147483647 unsigned int              0 to 4294967295 long                        -2147483648 to 2147483647 unsigned long             0 to 4294967295 long long                 -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807 unsigned long long         0 to 18446744073709551615 float                     1 17549e-038 to   3 40282e 038 double                    2 22507e-308 to 1 79769e 308 long double        3 3621e-4932 to 1 18973e 4932

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Other folks here will post links to data sizes and precisions etc  I m going to tell you how to figure it out yourself  Write a small app that will do the following   unsigned int ui  std  cout  lt  lt   sizeof ui      this will  depending on compiler and archicture  print 2  4 or 8  saying 2 bytes long  4 bytes long etc   Lets assume it s 4   You now want the maximum value 4 bytes can store  the max value for one byte is  in hex 0xFF  The max value of four bytes is 0x followed by 8 f s  one pair of f s for each byte  the 0x tells the compiler that the following string is a hex number   Now change your program to assign that value and print the result  unsigned int ui   0xFFFFFFFF  std  cout  lt  lt   ui    Thats the max value an unsigned int can hold  shown in base 10 representation   Now do that for long s  shorts and any other INTEGER value you re curious about   NB  This approach will not work for floating point numbers  i e  double or float    Hope this helps

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No  only part of ten digits number can be stored in a unsigned long int whose valid range is 0 to 4 294 967 295    you can refer to this  http   msdn microsoft com en-us library s3f49ktz VS 80  aspx

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To find out the limits on your system    include  lt iostream gt   include  lt limits gt  int main int  char         std  cout      lt  lt  static cast lt  int  gt  std  numeric limits lt  char  gt   max     lt  lt    n       lt  lt  static cast lt  int  gt  std  numeric limits lt  unsigned char  gt   max     lt  lt    n       lt  lt  std  numeric limits lt  short  gt   max    lt  lt    n       lt  lt  std  numeric limits lt  unsigned short  gt   max    lt  lt    n       lt  lt  std  numeric limits lt  int  gt   max    lt  lt    n       lt  lt  std  numeric limits lt  unsigned int  gt   max    lt  lt    n       lt  lt  std  numeric limits lt  long  gt   max    lt  lt    n       lt  lt  std  numeric limits lt  unsigned long  gt   max    lt  lt    n       lt  lt  std  numeric limits lt  long long  gt   max    lt  lt    n       lt  lt  std  numeric limits lt  unsigned long long  gt   max    lt  lt    n       Note that long long is only legal in C99 and in C  11

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