Leushenko's answer is really cool - solely: the foo example does not compile with GCC, which fails at foo(7), stumbling over the FIRST macro and the actual function call ((_1, __VA_ARGS__), remaining with a surplus comma. Additionally, we are in trouble if we want to provide additional overloads, such as foo(double).
So I decided to elaborate the answer a little further, including to allow a void overload (foo(void) – which caused quite some trouble...).
Idea now is: Define more than one generic in different macros and let select the correct one according to the number of arguments!
Number of arguments is quite easy, based on this answer:
#define foo(...) SELECT(__VA_ARGS__)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define SELECT(...) CONCAT(SELECT_, NARG(__VA_ARGS__))(__VA_ARGS__)
#define CONCAT(X, Y) CONCAT_(X, Y)
#define CONCAT_(X, Y) X ## Y
That's nice, we resolve to either SELECT_1 or SELECT_2 (or more arguments, if you want/need them), so we simply need appropriate defines:
#define SELECT_0() foo_void
#define SELECT_1(_1) _Generic ((_1), \
int: foo_int, \
char: foo_char, \
double: foo_double \
)
#define SELECT_2(_1, _2) _Generic((_1), \
double: _Generic((_2), \
int: foo_double_int \
) \
)
OK, I added the void overload already – however, this one actually is not covered by the C standard, which does not allow empty variadic arguments, i. e. we then rely on compiler extensions!
At very first, an empty macro call (foo()) still produces a token, but an empty one. So the counting macro actually returns 1 instead of 0 even on empty macro call. We can "easily" eliminate this problem, if we place the comma after __VA_ARGS__ conditionally, depending on the list being empty or not:
#define NARG(...) ARG4_(__VA_ARGS__ COMMA(__VA_ARGS__) 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)
That looked easy, but the COMMA macro is quite a heavy one; fortunately, the topic is already covered in a blog of Jens Gustedt (thanks, Jens). Basic trick is that function macros are not expanded if not followed by parentheses, for further explanations, have a look at Jens' blog... We just have to modify the macros a little to our needs (I'm going to use shorter names and less arguments for brevity).
#define ARGN(...) ARGN_(__VA_ARGS__)
#define ARGN_(_0, _1, _2, _3, N, ...) N
#define HAS_COMMA(...) ARGN(__VA_ARGS__, 1, 1, 1, 0)
#define SET_COMMA(...) ,
#define COMMA(...) SELECT_COMMA \
( \
HAS_COMMA(__VA_ARGS__), \
HAS_COMMA(__VA_ARGS__ ()), \
HAS_COMMA(SET_COMMA __VA_ARGS__), \
HAS_COMMA(SET_COMMA __VA_ARGS__ ()) \
)
#define SELECT_COMMA(_0, _1, _2, _3) SELECT_COMMA_(_0, _1, _2, _3)
#define SELECT_COMMA_(_0, _1, _2, _3) COMMA_ ## _0 ## _1 ## _2 ## _3
#define COMMA_0000 ,
#define COMMA_0001
#define COMMA_0010 ,
// ... (all others with comma)
#define COMMA_1111 ,
And now we are fine...
The complete code in one block:
/*
* demo.c
*
* Created on: 2017-09-14
* Author: sboehler
*/
#include <stdio.h>
void foo_void(void)
{
puts("void");
}
void foo_int(int c)
{
printf("int: %d\n", c);
}
void foo_char(char c)
{
printf("char: %c\n", c);
}
void foo_double(double c)
{
printf("double: %.2f\n", c);
}
void foo_double_int(double c, int d)
{
printf("double: %.2f, int: %d\n", c, d);
}
#define foo(...) SELECT(__VA_ARGS__)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define SELECT(...) CONCAT(SELECT_, NARG(__VA_ARGS__))(__VA_ARGS__)
#define CONCAT(X, Y) CONCAT_(X, Y)
#define CONCAT_(X, Y) X ## Y
#define SELECT_0() foo_void
#define SELECT_1(_1) _Generic ((_1), \
int: foo_int, \
char: foo_char, \
double: foo_double \
)
#define SELECT_2(_1, _2) _Generic((_1), \
double: _Generic((_2), \
int: foo_double_int \
) \
)
#define ARGN(...) ARGN_(__VA_ARGS__)
#define ARGN_(_0, _1, _2, N, ...) N
#define NARG(...) ARGN(__VA_ARGS__ COMMA(__VA_ARGS__) 3, 2, 1, 0)
#define HAS_COMMA(...) ARGN(__VA_ARGS__, 1, 1, 0)
#define SET_COMMA(...) ,
#define COMMA(...) SELECT_COMMA \
( \
HAS_COMMA(__VA_ARGS__), \
HAS_COMMA(__VA_ARGS__ ()), \
HAS_COMMA(SET_COMMA __VA_ARGS__), \
HAS_COMMA(SET_COMMA __VA_ARGS__ ()) \
)
#define SELECT_COMMA(_0, _1, _2, _3) SELECT_COMMA_(_0, _1, _2, _3)
#define SELECT_COMMA_(_0, _1, _2, _3) COMMA_ ## _0 ## _1 ## _2 ## _3
#define COMMA_0000 ,
#define COMMA_0001
#define COMMA_0010 ,
#define COMMA_0011 ,
#define COMMA_0100 ,
#define COMMA_0101 ,
#define COMMA_0110 ,
#define COMMA_0111 ,
#define COMMA_1000 ,
#define COMMA_1001 ,
#define COMMA_1010 ,
#define COMMA_1011 ,
#define COMMA_1100 ,
#define COMMA_1101 ,
#define COMMA_1110 ,
#define COMMA_1111 ,
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
foo();
foo(7);
foo(10.12);
foo(12.10, 7);
foo((char)'s');
return 0;
}