If you want to learn about win32, WTL http://wtl.sourceforge.net/ is the pretty lightweight equivalent to MFC, but you have to love template to use it.
If you want something simple MFC is already integrated with VS, also it has a large base of extra code and workarounds of know bugs in the net already.
Also Qt is really great framework it have a nice set of tools, dialog editor, themes, and a lot of other stuff, plus your application will be ready to be cross platform, although it will require some time to get accustomed.
You also have Gtk, wxWindow, and you will have no problems if you have already used it on linux.