Here are some visual supplemental examples. See my fuller answer for examples of adding and removing a range.
Add "Pig" at index 2
.
String item = "Pig";
int insertIndex = 2;
data.add(insertIndex, item);
adapter.notifyItemInserted(insertIndex);
Remove "Pig" from the list.
int removeIndex = 2;
data.remove(removeIndex);
adapter.notifyItemRemoved(removeIndex);