I'm trying to call a function inside another function in python, but can't find the right syntax. What I want to do is something like this:
def wrapper(func, args):
func(args)
def func1(x):
print(x)
def func2(x, y, z):
return x+y+z
wrapper(func1, [x])
wrapper(func2, [x, y, z])
In this case first call will work, and second won't. What I want to modify is the wrapper function and not the called functions.
A small addition to previous answers, since I couldn't find a solution for a problem, which is not worth opening a new question, but led me here.
Here is a small code snippet, which combines lists, zip() and *args, to provide a wrapper that can deal with an unknown amount of functions with an unknown amount of arguments.
def f1(var1, var2, var3):
print(var1+var2+var3)
def f2(var1, var2):
print(var1*var2)
def f3():
print('f3, empty')
def wrapper(a,b, func_list, arg_list):
print(a)
for f,var in zip(func_list,arg_list):
f(*var)
print(b)
f_list = [f1, f2, f3]
a_list = [[1,2,3], [4,5], []]
wrapper('begin', 'end', f_list, a_list)
Keep in mind, that zip() does not provide a safety check for lists of unequal length, see zip iterators asserting for equal length in python.
You can use *args and **kwargs syntax for variable length arguments.
What do *args and **kwargs mean?
And from the official python tutorial
http://docs.python.org/dev/tutorial/controlflow.html#more-on-defining-functions
The literal answer to your question (to do exactly what you asked, changing only the wrapper, not the functions or the function calls) is simply to alter the line
func(args)
to read
func(*args)
This tells Python to take the list given (in this case, args) and pass its contents to the function as positional arguments.
This trick works on both "sides" of the function call, so a function defined like this:
def func2(*args):
return sum(args)
would be able to accept as many positional arguments as you throw at it, and place them all into a list called args.
I hope this helps to clarify things a little. Note that this is all possible with dicts/keyword arguments as well, using ** instead of *.
The simpliest way to wrap a function
func(*args, **kwargs)
... is to manually write a wrapper that would call func() inside itself:
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
# do something before
try:
return func(*a, **kwargs)
finally:
# do something after
In Python function is an object, so you can pass it's name as an argument of another function and return it. You can also write a wrapper generator for any function anyFunc():
def wrapperGenerator(anyFunc, *args, **kwargs):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
try:
# do something before
return anyFunc(*args, **kwargs)
finally:
#do something after
return wrapper
Please also note that in Python when you don't know or don't want to name all the arguments of a function, you can refer to a tuple of arguments, which is denoted by its name, preceded by an asterisk in the parentheses after the function name:
*args
For example you can define a function that would take any number of arguments:
def testFunc(*args):
print args # prints the tuple of arguments
Python provides for even further manipulation on function arguments. You can allow a function to take keyword arguments. Within the function body the keyword arguments are held in a dictionary. In the parentheses after the function name this dictionary is denoted by two asterisks followed by the name of the dictionary:
**kwargs
A similar example that prints the keyword arguments dictionary:
def testFunc(**kwargs):
print kwargs # prints the dictionary of keyword arguments
You need to use arguments unpacking..
def wrapper(func, *args):
func(*args)
def func1(x):
print(x)
def func2(x, y, z):
print x+y+z
wrapper(func1, 1)
wrapper(func2, 1, 2, 3)
Source: Stackoverflow.com