URLEncoder not able to translate space character

Question

I am expecting  System out println java net URLEncoder encode  Hello World    UTF-8       to output   Hello 20World   20 is ASCII Hex code for space   However  what I get is   Hello World  Am I using the wrong method  What is the correct method I should be using

User · Answer

The other answers either present a manual string replacement, URLEncoder which actually encodes for HTML format, Apache's abandoned URIUtil, or using Guava's UrlEscapers. The last one is fine, except it doesn't provide a decoder.

Apache Commons Lang provides the URLCodec, which encodes and decodes according to URL format rfc3986.

String encoded = new URLCodec().encode(str);
String decoded = new URLCodec().decode(str);

If you are already using Spring, you can also opt to use its UriUtils class as well.

User · Answer

USE MyUrlEncode URLencoding String url   String enc  to handle the problem      public class MyUrlEncode       static BitSet dontNeedEncoding   null      static final int caseDiff     a  -  A        static           dontNeedEncoding   new BitSet 256           int i          for  i    a   i  lt    z   i                  dontNeedEncoding set i                     for  i    A   i  lt    Z   i                  dontNeedEncoding set i                     for  i    0   i  lt    9   i                  dontNeedEncoding set i                     dontNeedEncoding set  -            dontNeedEncoding set               dontNeedEncoding set               dontNeedEncoding set               dontNeedEncoding set   amp             dontNeedEncoding set                 public static String char2Unicode char c            if dontNeedEncoding get c                 return String valueOf c                     StringBuffer resultBuffer   new StringBuffer            resultBuffer append               char ch   Character forDigit  c  gt  gt  4   amp  0xF  16               if  Character isLetter ch                 ch -  caseDiff                    resultBuffer append ch               ch   Character forDigit c  amp  0xF  16               if  Character isLetter ch                 ch -  caseDiff                     resultBuffer append ch           return resultBuffer toString              private static String URLEncoding String url String enc  throws UnsupportedEncodingException           StringBuffer stringBuffer   new StringBuffer            if  dontNeedEncoding get                     dontNeedEncoding set                         if  dontNeedEncoding get                     dontNeedEncoding set                         byte    buff   url getBytes enc           for  int i   0  i  lt  buff length  i                  stringBuffer append char2Unicode  char buff i                       return stringBuffer toString              private static String URIEncoding String uri   String enc  throws UnsupportedEncodingException                       StringBuffer stringBuffer   new StringBuffer            if dontNeedEncoding get                     dontNeedEncoding clear                         if dontNeedEncoding get                     dontNeedEncoding clear                         byte    buff   uri getBytes enc           for  int i   0  i  lt  buff length  i                  stringBuffer append char2Unicode  char buff i                       return stringBuffer toString               public static String URLencoding String url   String enc  throws UnsupportedEncodingException           int index   url indexOf               StringBuffer result   new StringBuffer            if index    -1                result append URLEncoding url  enc             else               result append URLEncoding url substring 0   index  enc                result append                   result append URIEncoding url substring index 1  enc                      return result toString

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This class perform application x-www-form-urlencoded-type encoding rather than percent encoding  therefore replacing  with   is a correct behaviour    From javadoc      When encoding a String  the following rules apply           The alphanumeric characters  a  through  z    A  through  Z  and  0  through  9  remain the same    The special characters       -        and     remain the same     The space character     is converted into a plus sign         All other characters are unsafe and are first converted into one or more bytes using some encoding scheme  Then each byte is represented by the 3-character string   xy   where xy is the two-digit hexadecimal representation of the byte  The recommended encoding scheme to use is UTF-8  However  for compatibility reasons  if an encoding is not specified  then the default encoding of the platform is used

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Am I using the wrong method  What is the correct method I should be using    Yes  this method java net URLEncoder encode wasn t made for converting     to  20   according to spec  source        The space character     is converted into a plus sign        Even this is not the correct method  you can modify this to  System out println java net URLEncoder encode  Hello World    UTF-8   replaceAll          20    have a nice day

User · Answer

Check out the java net URI class

User · Answer

This worked for me  org apache catalina util URLEncoder ul   new org apache catalina util URLEncoder   encode  MY URL

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If you are using jetty then org eclipse jetty util URIUtil will solve the issue  String encoded string   URIUtil encodePath not encoded string  toString

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A space is encoded to  20 in URLs  and to   in forms submitted data  content type application x-www-form-urlencoded   You need the former   Using Guava   dependencies        compile  com google guava guava 23 0          or  for Android       compile  com google guava guava 23 0-android      You can use UrlEscapers   String encodedString   UrlEscapers urlFragmentEscaper   escape inputString     Don t use String replace  this would only encode the space  Use a library instead

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quot   quot  is correct  If you really need  20  then replace the Plusses yourself afterwards  Warning  This answer is heavily disputed   8 vs  -6   so take this with a grain of salt

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Although quite old  nevertheless a quick response    Spring provides UriUtils - with this you can specify how to encoded and which part is it related from an URI  e g   encodePathSegment encodePort encodeFragment encodeUriVariables        I use them cause we already using Spring  i e  no additonal library is required

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This behaves as expected  The URLEncoder implements the HTML Specifications for how to encode URLs in HTML forms   From the javadocs      This class contains static methods for   converting a String to the   application x-www-form-urlencoded MIME   format    and from the HTML Specification      application x-www-form-urlencoded        Forms submitted with this content type   must be encoded as follows          Control names and values are escaped  Space characters are replaced   by          You will have to replace it  e g    System out println java net URLEncoder encode  Hello World    UTF-8   replace        20

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If you want to encode URI path components  you can also use standard JDK functions  e g  public static String encodeURLPathComponent String path        try           return new URI null  null  path  null  toASCIIString          catch  URISyntaxException e               do some error handling           return  quot  quot      The URI class can also be used to encode different parts of or whole URIs

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Just been struggling with this too on Android  managed to stumble upon Uri encode String  String  while specific to android  android net Uri  might be useful to some    static String   encode String s  String allow   https   developer android com reference android net Uri html encode java lang String  java lang String

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use character-set  ISO-8859-1  for URLEncoder

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Encode Query params  org apache commons httpclient util URIUtil     URIUtil encodeQuery input     OR if you want to escape chars within URI  public static String escapeURIPathParam String input      StringBuilder resultStr   new StringBuilder      for  char ch   input toCharArray         if  isUnsafe ch         resultStr append           resultStr append toHex ch   16        resultStr append toHex ch   16         else      resultStr append ch              return resultStr toString         private static char toHex int ch      return  char   ch  lt  10    0    ch    A    ch - 10        private static boolean isUnsafe char ch      if  ch  gt  128    ch  lt  0     return true    return      amp          lt  gt     indexOf ch   gt   0

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Hello World is how a browser will encode form data  application x-www-form-urlencoded  for a GET request and this is the generally accepted form for the query part of a URI   http   host path  message Hello World   If you sent this request to a Java servlet  the servlet would correctly decode the parameter value  Usually the only time there are issues here is if the encoding doesn t match   Strictly speaking  there is no requirement in the HTTP or URI specs that the query part to be encoded using application x-www-form-urlencoded key-value pairs  the query part just needs to be in the form the web server accepts  In practice  this is unlikely to be an issue   It would generally be incorrect to use this encoding for other parts of the URI  the path for example   In that case  you should use the encoding scheme as described in RFC 3986   http   host Hello 20World   More here

[java] URLEncoder not able to translate space character

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