The problem here is that you are trying to await an array of promises rather than a promise. This doesn't do what you expect.
When the object passed to await is not a Promise, await simply returns the value as-is immediately instead of trying to resolve it. So since you passed await an array (of Promise objects) here instead of a Promise, the value returned by await is simply that array, which is of type Promise<number>[].
What you need to do here is call Promise.all on the array returned by map in order to convert it to a single Promise before awaiting it.
According to the MDN docs for Promise.all:
The
Promise.all(iterable)method returns a promise that resolves when all of the promises in the iterable argument have resolved, or rejects with the reason of the first passed promise that rejects.
So in your case:
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
var results: number[] = await Promise.all(arr.map(async (item): Promise<number> => {
await callAsynchronousOperation(item);
return item + 1;
}));
This will resolve the specific error you are encountering here.