Java does not have this control structure.
It should be noted though, that other languages do.
Python for example, has the while-else construct.
In Java's case, you can mimic this behaviour as you have already shown:
if (rowIndex >= dataColLinker.size()) {
do {
dataColLinker.add(value);
} while(rowIndex >= dataColLinker.size());
} else {
dataColLinker.set(rowIndex, value);
}