You cannot use WHILE like that; see: mysql DECLARE WHILE outside stored procedure how?
You have to put your code in a stored procedure. Example:
CREATE PROCEDURE myproc()
BEGIN
DECLARE i int DEFAULT 237692001;
WHILE i <= 237692004 DO
INSERT INTO mytable (code, active, total) VALUES (i, 1, 1);
SET i = i + 1;
END WHILE;
END
Fiddle: http://sqlfiddle.com/#!2/a4f92/1
Alternatively, generate a list of INSERT statements using any programming language you like; for a one-time creation, it should be fine. As an example, here's a Bash one-liner:
for i in {2376921001..2376921099}; do echo "INSERT INTO mytable (code, active, total) VALUES ($i, 1, 1);"; done
By the way, you made a typo in your numbers; 2376921001 has 10 digits, 237692200 only 9.