Python int to binary string

Question

Are there any canned Python methods to convert an Integer  or Long  into a binary string in Python   There are a myriad of dec2bin   functions out on Google    But I was hoping I could use a built-in function   library

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numpy binary repr num  width None   Examples from the documentation link above     gt  gt  gt  np binary repr 3   11   gt  gt  gt  np binary repr -3   -11   gt  gt  gt  np binary repr 3  width 4   0011        The two   s complement is returned when the input number is negative and width is specified    gt  gt  gt  np binary repr -3  width 3   101   gt  gt  gt  np binary repr -3  width 5   11101

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As the preceding answers mostly used format    here is an f-string implementation   integer   7 bit count   5 print f  integer 0 bit count b      Output      00111   For convenience here is the python docs link for formatted string literals  https   docs python org 3 reference lexical analysis html f-strings

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try      while True          p              a   input           while a    0              l   a   2             b   a - l             a   b   2             p   str l    p         print p  except      print   write 1 number

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As a reference   def toBinary n       return    join str 1  amp  int n   gt  gt  i  for i in range 64    -1     This function can convert a positive integer as large as 18446744073709551615  represented as string  1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111    It can be modified to serve a much larger integer  though it may not be as handy as   0 b   format   or bin

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Python actually does have something already built in for this  the ability to do operations such as   0 b   format 42   which will give you the bit pattern  in a string  for 42  or 101010     For a more general philosophy  no language or library will give its user base everything that they desire  If you re working in an environment that doesn t provide exactly what you need  you should be collecting snippets of code as you develop to ensure you never have to write the same thing twice  Such as  for example  the pseudo-code   define intToBinString  receiving intVal      if intVal is equal to zero          return  0      set strVal to        while intVal is greater than zero          if intVal is odd              prefix  1  to strVal         else              prefix  0  to strVal         divide intVal by two  rounding down     return strVal   which will construct your binary string based on the decimal value  Just keep in mind that s a generic bit of pseudo-code which may not be the most efficient way of doing it though  with the iterations you seem to be proposing  it won t make much difference  It s really just meant as a guideline on how it could be done   The general idea is to use code from  in order of preference     the language or built-in libraries  third-party libraries with suitable licenses  your own collection  something new you need to write  and save in your own collection for later

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Here is a  debugged  program that uses divmod to construct a binary list   Program  while True      indecimal str   input  Enter positive decimal  integer         if indecimal str                raise SystemExit     indecimal save   int indecimal str      if indecimal save  lt  1          print  Rejecting input  try again           print           continue     indecimal   int indecimal str      exbin          print indecimal    lt - gt    exbin      while True          if indecimal    0              print  Conversion    indecimal save          join exbin               print               break         indecimal  r   divmod indecimal  2          if r    0              exbin insert 0   0           else              exbin insert 0   1           print indecimal    lt - gt    exbin    Output  Enter positive decimal  integer  8 8  lt - gt     4  lt - gt    0   2  lt - gt    0    0   1  lt - gt    0    0    0   0  lt - gt    1    0    0    0   Conversion  8   1000  Enter positive decimal  integer  63 63  lt - gt     31  lt - gt    1   15  lt - gt    1    1   7  lt - gt    1    1    1   3  lt - gt    1    1    1    1   1  lt - gt    1    1    1    1    1   0  lt - gt    1    1    1    1    1    1   Conversion  63   111111  Enter positive decimal  integer  409 409  lt - gt     204  lt - gt    1   102  lt - gt    0    1   51  lt - gt    0    0    1   25  lt - gt    1    0    0    1   12  lt - gt    1    1    0    0    1   6  lt - gt    0    1    1    0    0    1   3  lt - gt    0    0    1    1    0    0    1   1  lt - gt    1    0    0    1    1    0    0    1   0  lt - gt    1    1    0    0    1    1    0    0    1   Conversion  409   110011001

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Calculator with all neccessary functions for DEC BIN HEX   made and tested with Python 3 5   You can change the input test numbers and get the converted ones     CONVERTER  DEC   BIN   HEX  def dec2bin d         dec - gt  bin     b   bin d      return b  def dec2hex d         dec - gt  hex     h   hex d      return h  def bin2dec b         bin - gt  dec     bin numb   0 b   format b      d   eval bin numb      return d bin numb  def bin2hex b         bin - gt  hex     h   hex b      return h  def hex2dec h         hex - gt  dec     d   int h      return d  def hex2bin h         hex - gt  bin     b   bin h      return b      TESTING NUMBERS numb dec   99 numb bin   0b0111  numb hex   0xFF      CALCULATIONS res dec2bin   dec2bin numb dec  res dec2hex   dec2hex numb dec   res bin2dec bin numb   bin2dec numb bin  res bin2hex   bin2hex numb bin   res hex2dec   hex2dec numb hex  res hex2bin   hex2bin numb hex        PRINTING print  ------- DECIMAL to BIN   HEX ------- n   print  decimal   numb dec   nbin       res dec2bin   nhex       res dec2hex   n    print  ------- BINARY to DEC   HEX ------- n   print  binary    bin numb   ndec       numb bin   nhex       res bin2hex   n    print  ----- HEXADECIMAL to BIN   HEX ----- n   print  hexadec   hex numb hex    nbin       res hex2bin   ndec       res hex2dec   n

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I found a method using matrix operation to convert decimal to binary   import numpy as np E mat   np tile E  1 M   M order   pow 2  M-1-np array range M     T bindata   np remainder np floor E mat  M order  astype np int  2    Eis input decimal data M is the binary orders  bindata is output binary data  which is in a format of 1 by M binary matrix

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def binary decimal        otherBase          while decimal    0           otherBase     str decimal   2    otherBase         decimal         2     return otherBase  print binary 10    output      1010

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one-liner with lambda    gt  gt  gt  binary   lambda n     if n  0 else binary n 2    str n 2    test    gt  gt  gt  binary 5   101     EDIT    but then      t1   time   for i in range 1000000        binary i  t2   time   print t2 - t1    6 57236599922   in compare to   t1   time   for i in range 1000000         0 b   format i  t2   time   print t2 - t1    0 68017411232

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For those of us who need to convert signed integers  range -2   digits-1  to 2   digits-1 -1  to 2 s complement binary strings  this works  def int2bin integer  digits       if integer  gt   0          return bin integer  2   zfill digits      else          return bin 2  digits   integer  2    This produces   gt  gt  gt  int2bin 10  8   00001010   gt  gt  gt  int2bin -10  8   11110110   gt  gt  gt  int2bin -128  8   10000000   gt  gt  gt  int2bin 127  8   01111111

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Unless I m misunderstanding what you mean by binary string I think the module you are looking for is struct

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gt  gt  gt  format 123   b    1111011

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Here s yet another way using regular math  no loops  only recursion    Trivial case 0 returns nothing    def toBin num     if num    0      return      return toBin num  2    str num 2   print    toBin i   for i in range 10           1    10    11    100    101    110    111    1000    1001

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Yet another solution with another algorithm  by using bitwise operators       def int2bin val       res        while val gt 0          res    str val amp 1          val val gt  gt 1       val val 2      return res   -1      reverse the string   A faster version without reversing the string   def int2bin val      res       while val gt 0         res   chr  val amp 1    0x30    res        val val gt  gt 1        return res

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The accepted answer didn t address negative numbers  which I ll cover  In addition to the answers above  you can also just use the bin and hex functions  And in the opposite direction  use binary notation   gt  gt  gt  bin 37   0b100101   gt  gt  gt  0b100101 37  But with negative numbers  things get a bit more complicated  The question doesn t specify how you want to handle negative numbers  Python just adds a negative sign so the result for -37 would be this   gt  gt  gt  bin -37   -0b100101   In computer hardware binary data  negative signs don t exist  All we have is 1 s and 0 s  So if you re reading or producing binary streams of data to be processed by other software hardware  you need to first know the notation being used  One notation is sign-magnitude notation  where the first bit represents the negative sign  and the rest is the actual value  In that case  -37 would be 0b1100101 and 37 would be 0b0100101  This looks like what python produces  but just add a 0 or 1 in front for positive   negative numbers  More common is Two s complement notation  which seems more complicated and the result is very different from python s string formatting  You can read the details in the link  but with an 8bit signed integer -37 would be 0b11011011 and 37 would be 0b00100101  Python has no easy way to produce these binary representations  You can use numpy to turn Two s complement binary values into python integers   gt  gt  gt  import numpy as np  gt  gt  gt  np int8 0b11011011  -37  gt  gt  gt  np uint8 0b11011011  219  gt  gt  gt  np uint8 0b00100101  37  gt  gt  gt  np int8 0b00100101  37  But I don t know an easy way to do the opposite with builtin functions  The bitstring package can help though   gt  gt  gt  from bitstring import BitArray  gt  gt  gt  arr   BitArray int -37  length 8   gt  gt  gt  arr uint 219  gt  gt  gt  arr int -37  gt  gt  gt  arr bin  11011011   gt  gt  gt  BitArray bin  11011011   int -37  gt  gt  gt  BitArray bin  11011011   uint 219

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I am surprised there is no mention of a nice way to accomplish this using formatting strings  TLDR   gt  gt  gt  number   1  gt  gt  gt  f 0b number 08b    0b00000001   Longer story This is functionality of formatting strings   gt  gt  gt  x  y  z   1  2  3  gt  gt  gt  f  x   y   2 z    1 2 6   You can request binary as well   gt  gt  gt  f  z b    11   Specify the width   gt  gt  gt  f  z 8b          11   Request zero padding  f  z 08b    00000011   And add common prefix to signify binary number   gt  gt  gt  f 0b z 08b    0b00000011   You can also let Python add the prefix for you but I do not like it so much as the version above because you have to take the prefix into width consideration   gt  gt  gt  f  z  010b    0b00000011   More info is available in official documentation on Formatted string literals and Format Specification Mini-Language

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you can do like that    bin 10  2     or    f   str bin 10   c      c append    join map int  f 2      print c

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Along a similar line to Yusuf Yazici s answer  def intToBin n       if n  lt  0           print  Sorry  invalid input       elif n    0           print n     else          result              while n    0               result    str n 2              n    2         print result   -1    I adjusted it so that the only variable being mutated is result  and n of course    If you need to use this function elsewhere  i e   have the result used by another module   consider the following adjustment   def intToBin n       if n  lt  0           return -1     elif n    0           return str n      else          result              while n    0               result    str n 2              n     2             added integer division         return result   -1    So -1 will be your sentinel value indicating the conversion failed   This is assuming you are converting ONLY positive numbers  whether they be integers or longs

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To calculate binary of numbers    print  Binary is  0  gt 08b   format 16        To calculate the Hexa decimal of a number    print  Hexa Decimal is  0  gt 0x   format 15        To Calculate  all the binary no till 16     for i in range 17      print   0  gt 2   binary is  0  gt 08b   format i        To calculate Hexa decimal no till 17    for i in range 17       print   0  gt 2   Hexa Decimal is  0  gt 0x   format i     as 2 digit is enogh for hexa decimal representation of a number

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Somewhat similar solution  def to bin dec       flag   True     bin str          while flag          remainder   dec   2         quotient   dec   2         if quotient    0              flag   False         bin str    str remainder          dec   quotient     bin str   bin str   -1    reverse the string     return bin str

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If you re looking for bin   as an equivalent to hex    it was added in python 2 6   Example    gt  gt  gt  bin 10   0b1010

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If you are willing to give up  pure  Python but gain a lot of firepower  there is Sage - example here   sage  a   15 sage  a binary    1111    You ll note that it returns as a string  so to use it as a number you d want to do something like  sage  eval  0b  b  15

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Python s string format method can take a format spec     gt  gt  gt    0 b   format 37   100101    Format spec docs for Python 2   Format spec docs for Python 3

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Python 3 6 added a new string formatting approach called formatted string literals or    f-strings     Example  name    Bob  number   42 f quot Hello   name   your number is  number  gt 08b  quot   Output will be  Hello  Bob  your number is 00001010   A discussion of this question can be found here - Here

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This is my answer it works well     def binary value        binary value          while value   1            binary value    str value 2          value   value  2     return  1  binary value   -1

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Using numpy pack unpackbits  they are your best friends   Examples --------  gt  gt  gt  a   np array   2    7    23    dtype np uint8   gt  gt  gt  a array    2            7           23    dtype uint8   gt  gt  gt  b   np unpackbits a  axis 1   gt  gt  gt  b array   0  0  0  0  0  0  1  0           0  0  0  0  0  1  1  1           0  0  0  1  0  1  1  1    dtype uint8

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n input   print bin n  replace  0b

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I feel Martijn Pieter s comment deserves to be highlighted as an answer   binary string   format value   0  b  format width     To me is is both clear and versatile

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Summary of alternatives   n 42 assert   -101010     format -n   b   assert   -101010       0 b   format -n  assert   -101010      lambda x  x  gt   0 and str bin x   2   or  -    str bin x   3    -n  assert  0b101010     bin n  assert    101010     bin n  2       But this won t work for negative numbers    Contributors include John Fouhy  Tung Nguyen  mVChr  Martin Thoma  and Martijn Pieters

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A simple way to do that is to use string format  see this page    gt  gt    0 b   format 10   1010    And if you want to have a fixed length of the binary string  you can use this    gt  gt    0  fill 8b   format 10  fill  0    00001010    If two s complement is required  then the following line can be used     0  fill  width b   format  x   2  n    2  n  fill  0   width n    where n is the width of the binary string

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Here s a simple binary to decimal converter that continuously loops  t   1 while t  gt  0      binaryNumber   input  Enter a binary No        convertedNumber   int binaryNumber  2       print convertedNumber   print

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If you want a textual representation without the 0b-prefix  you could use this   get bin   lambda x  format x   b    print get bin 3    gt  gt  gt   11   print get bin -3    gt  gt  gt   -11    When you want a n-bit representation   get bin   lambda x  n  format x   b   zfill n   gt  gt  gt  get bin 12  32   00000000000000000000000000001100   gt  gt  gt  get bin -12  32   -00000000000000000000000000001100    Alternatively  if you prefer having a function   def get bin x  n 0               Get the binary representation of x       Parameters     ----------     x   int     n   int         Minimum number of digits  If x needs less digits in binary  the rest         is filled with zeros       Returns     -------     str             return format x   b   zfill n

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This is for python 3 and it keeps the leading zeros    print format 0   08b

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Here is the code I ve just implemented  This is not a method but you can use it as a ready-to-use function   def inttobinary number     if number    0      return str 0    result       while  number    0         remainder   number 2       number   number 2       result    str remainder    return result   -1    to invert the string

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here is simple solution using the divmod   fucntion which returns the reminder and the result of a division without the fraction   def dectobin number       bin          while  number  gt   1           number  rem   divmod number  2          bin   bin   str rem      return bin

[python] Python int to binary string?

`numpy.binary_repr(num, width=None)`

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