You can access characters in strings in the same way as you would access an array index, e.g.
$length = strlen($string);
$thisWordCodeVerdeeld = array();
for ($i=0; $i<$length; $i++) {
$thisWordCodeVerdeeld[$i] = $string[$i];
}
You could also do:
$thisWordCodeVerdeeld = str_split($string);
However you might find it is easier to validate the string as a whole string, e.g. using regular expressions.