Why is a GRANT USAGE created the first time I grant a user privileges

Question

I m new to the admin side of DBMS and was setting up a new database tonight  using MySQL  when I noticed this  After granting a user a privilege for the first time  another grant is created that looks like  GRANT USAGE on     TO user IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD password   The documentation says that the USAGE privilege means  no privileges   so I m inferring thats grants work hierarchically and perhaps a user must have some kind of privilege for all databases  so this serves as a catch all    I also dont understand why this line has an IDENTIFIED BY clause in it when the grant I created does not have one  mostly because I dont understand what purpose the IDENTIFIED BY clause serves    Edit  Sorry for not stating this originally  the grants were  GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database   TO admin user GRANT SELECT  INSERT  UPDATE  DELETE ON database   TO user

User · Accepted Answer

As you said  in MySQL USAGE is synonymous with  no privileges   From the MySQL Reference Manual      The USAGE privilege specifier stands for  no privileges   It is used at the global level with GRANT to modify account attributes such as resource limits or SSL characteristics without affecting existing account privileges     USAGE is a way to tell MySQL that an account exists without conferring any real privileges to that account  They merely have permission to use the MySQL server  hence USAGE  It corresponds to a row in the  mysql   user  table with no privileges set   The IDENTIFIED BY clause indicates that a password is set for that user  How do we know a user is who they say they are  They identify themselves by sending the correct password for their account    A user s password is one of those global level account attributes that isn t tied to a specific database or table  It also lives in the  mysql   user  table  If the user does not have any other privileges ON      they are granted USAGE ON     and their password hash is displayed there  This is often a side effect of a CREATE USER statement  When a user is created in that way  they initially have no privileges so they are merely granted USAGE

User · Answer

I was trying to find the meaning of GRANT USAGE on     TO and found here  I can clarify that GRANT USAGE on     TO user IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD password will be granted when you create the user with the following command  CREATE     CREATE USER  user   localhost  IDENTIFIED BY  password      When you grant privilege with GRANT  new privilege s will be added on top of it

User · Answer

In addition mysql passwords when not using the IDENTIFIED BY clause  may be blank values  if non-blank  they may be encrypted  But yes USAGE is used to modify an account by granting simple resource limiters such as MAX QUERIES PER HOUR  again this can be specified by also using the WITH clause  in conjuction with GRANT USAGE no privileges added  or GRANT ALL  you can also specify GRANT USAGE at the global level  database level  table level etc

[mysql] Why is a "GRANT USAGE" created the first time I grant a user privileges?

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