I'm trying to write a Bash script that will overwrite an existing directory. I have a directory foo/
and I am trying to overwrite bar/
with it. But when I do this:
cp -Rf foo/ bar/
a new bar/foo/
directory is created. I don't want that. There are two files in foo/
; a
and b
. There are files with same names in bar/
as well. I want the foo/a
and foo/b
to replace bar/a
and bar/b
.
This question is related to
linux
bash
shell
command-line
cp
The operation you defined is a "merge" and you cannot do that with cp
. However, if you are not looking for merging and ok to lose the folder bar
then you can simply rm -rf bar
to delete the folder and then mv foo bar
to rename it. This will not take any time as both operations are done by file pointers, not file contents.
Try to use this composed of two steps command:
rm -rf bar && cp -r foo bar
The following command ensures dotfiles (hidden files) are included in the copy:
$ cp -Rf foo/. bar
this should solve your problem.
\cp -rf foo/* bar/
You can do this using -T
option in cp
.
See Man page for cp
.
-T, --no-target-directory
treat DEST as a normal file
So as per your example, following is the file structure.
$ tree test
test
|-- bar
| |-- a
| `-- b
`-- foo
|-- a
`-- b
2 directories, 4 files
You can see the clear difference when you use -v
for Verbose.
When you use just -R
option.
$ cp -Rv foo/ bar/
`foo/' -> `bar/foo'
`foo/b' -> `bar/foo/b'
`foo/a' -> `bar/foo/a'
$ tree
|-- bar
| |-- a
| |-- b
| `-- foo
| |-- a
| `-- b
`-- foo
|-- a
`-- b
3 directories, 6 files
When you use the option -T
it overwrites the contents, treating the destination like a normal file and not directory.
$ cp -TRv foo/ bar/
`foo/b' -> `bar/b'
`foo/a' -> `bar/a'
$ tree
|-- bar
| |-- a
| `-- b
`-- foo
|-- a
`-- b
2 directories, 4 files
This should solve your problem.
If you want to ensure bar/
ends up identical to foo/
, use rsync
instead:
rsync -a --delete foo/ bar/
If just a few things have changed, this will execute much faster than removing and re-copying the whole directory.
-a
is 'archive mode', which copies faithfully files in foo/
to bar/
--delete
removes extra files not in foo/
from bar/
as well, ensuring bar/
ends up identical-vh
for verbose and human-readablefoo
is required, otherwise rsync
will copy foo/
to bar/foo/
rather than overwriting bar/
itself.
foo/
onto the contents of bar/
, we use a slash on both. It's confusing because it won't work as expected with a slash on neither, though; rsync sneakily always interprets the destination path as though it has a slash, even though it honors an absence of a slash on the source path. So we need a slash on the source path to make it match the auto-added slash on the destination path, if we want to copy the contents of foo/
into bar/
, rather than the directory foo/
itself landing into bar/
as bar/foo
.)rsync
is very powerful and useful, if you're curious look around for what else it can do (such as copying over ssh).
Use this cp
command:
cp -Rf foo/* bar/
Very similar to @Jonathan Wheeler:
If you do not want to remember, but not rewrite bar
:
rm -r bar/
cp -r foo/ !$
!$
displays the last argument of your previous command.
Do it in two steps.
rm -r bar/
cp -r foo/ bar/
Source: Stackoverflow.com