[c++] How to pass optional arguments to a method in C++?

How to pass optional arguments to a method in C++ ? Any code snippet...

It might be interesting to some of you that in case of multiple default parameters:

void printValues(int x=10, int y=20, int z=30)
{
    std::cout << "Values: " << x << " " << y << " " << z << '\n';
}

Given the following function calls:

printValues(1, 2, 3);
printValues(1, 2);
printValues(1);
printValues();

The following output is produced:

Values: 1 2 3
Values: 1 2 30
Values: 1 20 30
Values: 10 20 30

Reference: http://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/77-default-parameters/

With commas separating them, just like parameters without default values.

int func( int x = 0, int y = 0 );

func(); // doesn't pass optional parameters, defaults are used, x = 0 and y = 0

func(1, 2); // provides optional parameters, x = 1 and y = 2

With the introduction of std::optional in C++17 you can pass optional arguments:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <optional>

void myfunc(const std::string& id, const std::optional<std::string>& param = std::nullopt)
{
    std::cout << "id=" << id << ", param=";

    if (param)
        std::cout << *param << std::endl;
    else
        std::cout << "<parameter not set>" << std::endl;
}

int main() 
{
    myfunc("first");
    myfunc("second" , "something");
}

Output:

id=first param=<parameter not set>
id=second param=something

See https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/optional

Typically by setting a default value for a parameter:

int func(int a, int b = -1) { 
    std::cout << "a = " << a;
    if (b != -1)        
        std::cout << ", b = " << b;
    std::cout << "\n";
}

int main() { 
    func(1, 2);  // prints "a=1, b=2\n"
    func(3);     // prints "a=3\n"
    return 0;
}

An important rule with respect to default parameter usage:
Default parameters should be specified at right most end, once you specify a default value parameter you cannot specify non default parameter again. ex:

int DoSomething(int x, int y = 10, int z) -----------> Not Allowed

int DoSomething(int x, int z, int y = 10) -----------> Allowed 

Use default parameters

template <typename T>
void func(T a, T b = T()) {

   std::cout << a << b;

}

int main()
{
    func(1,4); // a = 1, b = 4
    func(1);   // a = 1, b = 0

    std::string x = "Hello";
    std::string y = "World";

    func(x,y);  // a = "Hello", b ="World"
    func(x);    // a = "Hello", b = "" 

}

Note : The following are ill-formed

template <typename T>
void func(T a = T(), T b )

template <typename T>
void func(T a, T b = a )

To follow the example given here, but to clarify syntax with the use of header files, the function forward declaration contains the optional parameter default value.

myfile.h

void myfunc(int blah, int mode = 0);

myfile.cpp

void myfunc(int blah, int mode) /* mode = 0 */
{
    if (mode == 0)
        do_something();
     else
        do_something_else();
}