How can I selectively escape percent in Python strings

Question

I have the following code  test    have it break   selectiveEscape    Print percent   in sentence and not  s    test  print selectiveEscape    I would like to get the output   Print percent   in sentence and not have it break    What actually happens       selectiveEscape    Use percent   in sentence and not  s    test TypeError   d format  a number is required  not str

User · Answer

I have tried different methods to print a subplot title, look how they work. It's different when i use Latex.

It works with '%%' and 'string'+'%' in a typical case.

If you use Latex it worked using 'string'+'\%'

So in a typical case:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig,ax = plt.subplots(4,1)
float_number = 4.17
ax[0].set_title('Total: (%1.2f' %float_number + '\%)')
ax[1].set_title('Total: (%1.2f%%)' %float_number)
ax[2].set_title('Total: (%1.2f' %float_number + '%%)')
ax[3].set_title('Total: (%1.2f' %float_number + '%)')

Title examples with %

If we use latex:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
font = {'family' : 'normal',
        'weight' : 'bold',
        'size'   : 12}
matplotlib.rc('font', **font)
matplotlib.rcParams['text.usetex'] = True
matplotlib.rcParams['text.latex.unicode'] = True
fig,ax = plt.subplots(4,1)
float_number = 4.17
#ax[0].set_title('Total: (%1.2f\%)' %float_number) This makes python crash
ax[1].set_title('Total: (%1.2f%%)' %float_number)
ax[2].set_title('Total: (%1.2f' %float_number + '%%)')
ax[3].set_title('Total: (%1.2f' %float_number + '\%)')

We get this: Title example with % and latex

User · Answer

If the formatting template was read from a file  and you cannot ensure the content doubles the percent sign  then you probably have to detect the percent character and decide programmatically whether it is the start of a placeholder or not   Then the parser should also recognize sequences like  d  and other letters that can be used   but also   xxx s etc   Similar problem can be observed with the new formats -- the text can contain curly braces

User · Answer

If you are using Python 3 6 or newer  you can use f-string    gt  gt  gt  test    have it break    gt  gt  gt  selectiveEscape   f Print percent   in sentence and not  test    gt  gt  gt  print selectiveEscape      Print percent   in sentence and not have it break

User · Answer

You can t selectively escape    as   always has a special meaning depending on the following character   In the documentation of Python  at the bottem of the second table in that section  it states              No argument is converted  results in a     character in the result    Therefore you should use   selectiveEscape    Print percent    in sentence and not  s     test       please note the expicit change to tuple as argument to     Without knowing about the above  I would have done   selectiveEscape    Print percent  s in sentence and not  s          test    with the knowledge you obviously already had

User · Answer

Alternatively  as of Python 2 6  you can use new string formatting  described in PEP 3101     Print percent   in sentence and not  0   format test    which is especially handy as your strings get more complicated

User · Answer

try using    to print   sign

User · Answer

gt  gt  gt  test    have it break    gt  gt  gt  selectiveEscape    Print percent    in sentence and not  s    test  gt  gt  gt  print selectiveEscape Print percent   in sentence and not have it break

[python] How can I selectively escape percent (%) in Python strings?

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