I am trying to migrate a users table in Laravel. When I run my migration I get this error:
[Illuminate\Database\QueryException] SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1071 Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes (SQL: alter table
users
add unique users_email_uniq(
my migration is as follows:
Schema::create('users', function(Blueprint $table)
{
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('name', 32);
$table->string('username', 32);
$table->string('email', 320);
$table->string('password', 64);
$table->string('role', 32);
$table->string('confirmation_code');
$table->boolean('confirmed')->default(true);
$table->timestamps();
$table->unique('email', 'users_email_uniq');
});
After some googling I came across this bug report where Taylor says you can specify the index key as the 2nd parameter of unique()
, which I have done. It still gives the error. What is going on here?
Specify a smaller length for your e-mail:
$table->string('email', 250);
Which is the default, actually:
$table->string('email');
And you should be good.
For Laravel 5.4 you can find a solution in this Laravel 5.4: Specified key was too long error, Laravel News post:
As outlined in the Migrations guide to fix this all you have to do is edit your AppServiceProvider.php file and inside the boot method set a default string length:
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder;
public function boot()
{
Builder::defaultStringLength(191);
}
SOLUTION:
First change the defaultStringLength to 191, in the app\Providers\AppServiceProvider.php:
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
Then, change the charset and collation values as follows, in config\database.php:
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
In 24 october 2016 Taylor Otwell the Author of Laravel announced on is Twitter
"utf8mb4" will be the default MySQL character set in Laravel 5.4 for better emoji support. Taylor Otwell Twitter Post
which before version 5.4 the character set was utf8
During this century many web app, include chat or some kind platform to allow their users to converses, and many people like to use emoji or smiley. and this are some kind of super characters that require more spaces to be store and that is only possible using utf8mb4
as the charset. That is the reason why they migrate to utf8mb4
just for space purpose.
if you look up in the Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder
class you will see that the $defaultStringLength
is set to 255, and to modify that you can procede through the Schema
Facade and call the defaultStringLength
method and pass the new length.
to perform that change call that method within your AppServiceProvider
class which is under the app\providers subdirectory like this
class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Bootstrap any application services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
// all other code ...
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
// and all other code goes here
}
I will suggest to use 191 as the value just because MySQL support 767 bytes, and because 767 / 4
which is the number of byte take by each multibyte character you will get 191
.
You can learn more here The utf8mb4 Character Set (4-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding) Limits on Table Column Count and Row Size
Remove mb4 from charset and collation from config/database.php, then it will execute successfully.
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
include this line at top
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
then inside boot function add this
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLenght(191);
}
In file config/database.php where :
'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
Change this line to this :
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
This worked for me:
$table->charset = 'utf8';_x000D_
$table->collation = 'utf8_unicode_ci';
_x000D_
You will not have this problem if you're using MySQL 5.7.7+ or MariaDB 10.2.2+.
To update MariaDB on your Mac using Brew first unlink the current one:
brew unlink mariadb
and then install a dev one using brew install mariadb --devel
After installation is done stop/start the service running:
brew services stop mariadb
brew services start mariadb
Current dev version is 10.2.3. After the installation is finished you won't have to worry about this anymore and you can use utf8mb4 (that is now a default in Laravel 5.4) without switching back to utf8 nor editing AppServiceProvider as proposed in the Laravel documentation: https://laravel.com/docs/master/releases#laravel-5.4 (scroll down to: Migration Default String Length)
File: config/database.php
change the following
FROM ->
'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
TO ->
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
I'd like to point that something that i missed ...
I'm new at Laravel, and i didn't copy the "use Illuminate....." because i really didn'at paid atention, because right above the function boot you alread have a use Statement.
Hope that helps anyone
**use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;**
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
If you have tried every other answer and they have not worked, you can drop all tables from the database and then execute the migrate command all at once using this command:
php artisan migrate:fresh
If anyone else stumbles upon this answer like I did but for a different reason, you may check your Laravel DB charset/collation.
I was installing an application (Snipe-IT) and had configured the Laravel database config to use the following:
'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
'collation' => 'utf8mb4_general_ci',
Removing mb4
from both strings fixed the issue, although I believe Antonio's answer is the real solution to the problem.
Just installed MariaDB 10.2.4 RC, fired up new blank Laravel 5.4 project and default migration (varchar(255) columns) works.
No need to change DB conf and Laravael config/database.php
. Thus just as @scorer noted about default behaviour for 10.2.2+.
If you're on or updated to Laravel 5.4 This worked for me;
Just 1 change. in AppServiceProvider.php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
As mentioned in the migrate guide https://laravel.com/docs/master/migrations#creating-indexes
I had a problem, change the configuration of the 'config / database'
file 'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
keeping the same pattern in the database.
I then gave the command
php artisan migrate
If you're on or updated to Laravel 5.4 and latest version it works;
Just 1 change in AppServiceProvider.php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
Give a smaller length for your email string like :
$table->string('email',128)->unique(); //In create user table
And
$table->string('email',128)->index(); // create password resets table
This will definitely work.
If someone having this problem even after doing, above mentioned changes. For an example, in my case I did below changes,
namespace App\Providers;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Register any application services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function register()
{
//
}
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
}
But it wouldn't work right away for two reasons. One is if you are using lumen instead of laravel, you may have to uncomment this line in your app.php file first.
$app->register(App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class);
And then you have to create the migration script again with the artisan command,
php artisan make:migration <your_table_name>
Since now only the changes you made to ServiceProvider will work.
Keep in mind that those articles goes with the easy and wrong solution. It's like chopping of part of your foot because your socks doesn't fit.
The correct answer (to buy a new sock) is a bit more complex since it requires you to go to the store again. In this case it requires you to configure your mysql instance, and that isn't as copy/pastable as a wrong answer, so we keep propagating the wrong answer. We want to seem copy/pastable and easy to use, right?
You forgot to specify which Laravel or mysql version you are using. The problem occurs because you are using an older mysql (or newer with wrong settings).
Set innodb_file_format=Barracuda
Set innodb_large_prefix=1
Set innodb_default_row_format=dynamic
If you do not have the innodb_default_row_format setting (introduced in 5.7.9), then you have to change your config/database.php to use 'engine' => 'innodb row_format=dynamic'.
The engine setting was introduced in Laravel 5.2.14, so I hope you have something newer than that.
https://github.com/laravel/framework/issues/22660#issuecomment-355725923
Going to your config/database.php
and change the charset and collation from utf8mb4 to utf8
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
My problem solved using this method, good luck dude!
For laravel 5.6
This solution solve my problem
go to config/database.php
Find the code below
'mysql' => [
'driver' => 'mysql',
'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
'prefix' => '',
'strict' => true,
'engine' => null,
],
Change this two field
'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci'
With This
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci'
for laravel 5.7 write these code in appserviceprovider.php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
Change charset to from 'utf8mb4' to 'utf8' and
collation to 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci' to 'utf8_unicode_ci'
in config/database.php file
It worked for me.
I have faced the same issue, and fixed it by adding the below two lines in my app/database.php
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
My file looks like below :
<?php
return [
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Default Database Connection Name
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here you may specify which of the database connections below you wish
| to use as your default connection for all database work. Of course
| you may use many connections at once using the Database library.
|
*/
'default' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'mysql'),
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
......
Laravel uses the utf8mb4
character set by default, which includes support for storing "emojis" in the database. If you are running a version of MySQL older than the 5.7.7 release or MariaDB older than the 10.2.2 release, you may need to manually configure the default string length generated by migrations in order for MySQL to create indexes for them. You may configure this by calling the Schema::defaultStringLength
method within your AppServiceProvider
:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
/**
* Bootstrap any application services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
You can check out of
https://laravel-news.com/laravel-5-4-key-too-long-error https://laravel.com/docs/5.5/migrations#indexes
Update 1
As of Laravel 5.4 those changes are no more needed.
Laravel 5.4 uses the utf8mb4 character set by default, which includes support for storing "emojis" in the database. If you are upgrading your application from Laravel 5.3, you are not required to switch to this character set.
Update 2
Current production MariaDB versions DO NOT support this setting by default globally. It is implemented in MariaDB 10.2.2+ by default.
Solution
And if you intentionally want to use the correct future-default (starting from Laravel 5.4) UTF8 multi-byte utf8mb4
support for then start to fix your database configuration.
In Laravel config/database.php
define:
'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
'engine' => 'InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC',
DYNAMIC
allows to store long key indexes.
Server settings (by default included in MySQL 5.7.7+ / MariaDB 10.2.2+):
[mysqld]
# default character set and collation
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
character-set-server = utf8mb4
# utf8mb4 long key index
innodb_large_prefix = 1
innodb_file_format = barracuda
innodb_file_format_max = barracuda
innodb_file_per_table = 1
For clients:
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
And then STOP your MySQL/MariaDB server. After that START. Hot RESTART may not work.
sudo systemctl stop mysqld
sudo systemctl start mysqld
Now you have Laravel 5.x with UTF8 support.
You can go to app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
and import this
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
also in boot function add this
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
For Laravel >= 5.6 users
Open AppServiceProvider.php
file
Use the following class
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
Then inside boot
method add the following line
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
For laravel 5.4, simply edit file
App\Providers\AppServiceProvider.php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
Set database engine InnoDB:
Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->engine = 'InnoDB';
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('name');
$table->string('email')->unique();
$table->string('password');
$table->rememberToken();
$table->timestamps();
});
I added to the migration itself
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('name');
$table->string('email')->unique();
$table->string('password');
$table->rememberToken();
$table->timestamps();
});
yes, I know I need to consider it on every migration but I would rather that than have it tucked away in some completely unrelated service provider
Please open user
and password
rest files. files are located in database/migrations folder.
add line
Schema::defaultStringLength(191); in up function in both files.
Then run
php artisan migrate
All was well described in the others Anwser you can see more details in the link bellow (search with key 'Index Lengths & MySQL / MariaDB") https://laravel.com/docs/5.5/migrations
BUT WELL THAT's not what this answer is about! the thing is even with doing the above you will like get another error (that's when you like launch php artisan migrate
command and because of the problem of the length, the operation like stuck in the middle. solution is bellow, and the user table is like created without the rest or not totally correctly)
we need to roll back. the default roll back will not do. because the operation of migration didn't like finish. you need to delete the new created tables in the database manually.
we can do it using tinker as in bellow:
L:\todos> php artisan tinker
Psy Shell v0.8.15 (PHP 7.1.10 — cli) by Justin Hileman
>>> Schema::drop('users')
=> null
I myself had a problem with users table.
after that your good to go
php artisan migrate:rollback
php artisan migrate
If you are seeing this error then definitely you need to make following changes on
AppServiceProvider.php
file -> which can be found inside app->providers:
changes to be made
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema; //see if you have this class if not add it.
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191); //make sure you add this line
}
this should solve your problem for more you can see the Laravel news regarding this issue. https://laravel-news.com/laravel-5-4-key-too-long-error
It's because Laravel 5.4 uses utf8mb4 which supports storing emojis.
Add this in your app\Providers\AppServiceProvider.php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
and you should be good to go.
The same error pops up because of the way Laravel unique() function works.
The only thing you need to do is specify a shorter index name eg.
$table->unique(['email', 'users_email_uniq'],'my_custom_uniq');
In some cases it can help if you agree to unique only the first 191 ?hars
public function up()
{
DB::statement('ALTER TABLE `YOUR_TABLE_NAME` ADD UNIQUE INDEX `NAME_FOR_INDEX` (`YOUR_COLUMN_NAME` (191) );');
}
i had same problem and i am using a wamp
Solution : Open file : config/database.php
'engine' => null, => 'engine' => 'InnoDB',
Thanks
Specify a smaller length for your e-mail:
$table->string('email', 100);
100 WORKS
Source: Stackoverflow.com