How do I include a file over 2 directories back

Question

How do you include a file that is more than 2 directories back  I know you can use    index php to include a file that is 2 directories back  but how do you do it for 3 directories back  Does this make sense  I tried     index php but it isn t working   I have a file in  game forum files index php and it uses PHP include to include a file  Which is located in  includes boot inc php    being the root directory

User · Answer

But be VERY careful about letting a user select the file   You don t really want to allow them to get a file called  for example                                 etc passwd   or other sensitive system files    Sorry  it s been a while since I was a linux sysadmin  and I think this is a sensitive file  from what I remember

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I recomend to use   DIR   to specify current php file directory  Check here for the reason     DIR            index php

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To include a file one directory back  use     file   For two directories back  use        file   And so on     Although  realistically you shouldn t be performing includes relative to the current directory  What if you wanted to move that file   All of the links would break   A way to ensure that you can still link to other files  while retaining those links if you move your file  is     require once   SERVER  DOCUMENT ROOT      directory directory file      DOCUMENT ROOT is a server variable that represents the base directory that your code is located within

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following are ways to access your different directories -       Your current directory       One directory lower          Two directories lower             Three directories lower

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index php    nbsp  nbsp  nbsp  nbsp  nbsp  nbsp  nbsp  nbsp  nbsp

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including over directories can be processed by proxy file   root         web                  requiredDbSettings php                 db                  dbsettings php               proxy php  dbsettings php   host  localhost    user  username    pass  pass    proxy php  include once  db dbsettings php  requiredDbSettings php  include once       proxy php

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is one directory  Repeat for two directories        or even three            and so on    Defining constants may reduce confusion because you will drill forward into directories verses backwards  You could define some constants like so   define  BD     home user public html example      define  HTMLBD    http   example com       When using  BD  or my  base directory  it looks like so   file BD  location of file php      define    reference

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includes boot inc php

User · Answer

include dirname   FILE            index php     is your best bet here  and it will avoid most of the relative path bugs you can encounter with other solutions   Indeed  it will force the include to always be relative to the position of the current script where this code is placed  which location is most likely stable  since you define the architecture of your application   This is different from just doing include        index php  which will include relatively to the executing  also named  calling   script and then relatively to the current working directory  which will point to the parent script that includes your script  instead of resolving from your included script s path   From the PHP documentation      Files are included based on the file path given or  if none is given    the include path specified  If the file isn t found in the   include path  include will finally check in the calling script s own   directory and the current working directory before failing    And the oldest post I ve found citing this trick dates back to 2003  by Tapken   You can test with the following setup   Create a layout like this   htdocs      parent php      goal php     ---sub          included php          goal php   In parent php  put    lt  php include dirname   FILE      sub included php     gt    In sub included php  put    lt  php print  WRONG       realpath  goal php     print  GOOD       realpath dirname   FILE      goal php       gt    Result when accessing parent php   WRONG   X  htdocs goal php GOOD   X  htdocs sub goal php   As we can see  in the first case  the path is resolved from the calling script parent php  while by using the dirname   FILE      path  trick  the include is done from the script included php where the code is placed in   Beware  the following NOT equivalent to the trick above contrary to what can be read elsewhere   include         index php     Indeed  prepending   will work  but it will resolve just like include       index php from the calling script  the difference is that include path won t be looked afterwards if it fails   From PHP doc      If a path is defined     whether absolute  starting with a drive letter   or   on Windows  or   on Unix Linux systems  or relative to the   current directory  starting with   or         the include path will be   ignored altogether

User · Answer

selects the parent directory from the current  Of course  this can be chained         index php   This would be two directories up

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if you include the   at the start of the include  the include will be taken as the path from the root of the site   if your site is http   www example com game forum files index php you can add an include to  includes boot inc php which would resolve to http   www example com includes boot inc php      You have to be careful with    traversal as some web servers have it disabled  it also causes problems when you want to move your site to a new machine host and the structure is a little different

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if you are using php7 you can use dirname function with level parameter of 2  for example    dirname   usr local lib   2     the second parameter  2  indicate how many level up   dirname referance

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Try         You can modify it accordingly as it will take you up back two directories  First reach to root directory then access the required directory   E g  You are in root inc usr ap and there is another directory root 2nd path  You can access the path directory from ap like this         2nd path first go to root than desired directory  If not working please share

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I saw your answers and I used include path with syntax  require once     file php      server internal error 500   and http server  Apache 2 4 3  returned internal error 500   When I changed the path to  require once      file php      OK   everything is fine

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You can do       directory file txt -  This goes two directories back             - this goes  three  etc

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Try This  this example is one directory back  require once     images yourimg png      this example is two directory back  require once        images yourimg png

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index php     nbsp  nbsp  nbsp  nbsp  nbsp  nbsp  nbsp

User · Answer

current directory      parent directory   So     gets you one directory back not two     Chain     as many times as necessary to go up 2 or more levels

User · Answer

includes boot inc php   Each instance of     means up back one directory

[php] How do I include a file over 2 directories back?

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