Same origin policy has nothing to do with sending request to another url (different protocol or domain or port).
It is all about restricting access to (reading) response data from another url. So JavaScript code within a page can post to arbitrary domain or submit forms within that page to anywhere (unless the form is in an iframe with different url).
But what makes these POST requests inefficient is that these requests lack antiforgery tokens, so are ignored by the other url. Moreover, if the JavaScript tries to get that security tokens, by sending AJAX request to the victim url, it is prevented to access that data by Same Origin Policy.
A good example: here
And a good documentation from Mozilla: here