One way to do it will be to move all the php code above the HTML, copy the result to a variable and then add the result in the <input>
tag.
Try this -
<?php
//Adding the php to the top.
if(isset($_POST['submit']))
{
$value1=$_POST['value1'];
$value2=$_POST['value2'];
$sign=$_POST['sign'];
...
//Adding to $result variable
if($sign=='-') {
$result = $value1-$value2;
}
//Rest of your code...
}
?>
<html>
<!--Rest of your tags...-->
Result:<br><input type"text" name="result" value = "<?php echo (isset($result))?$result:'';?>">