This is one of the possible ways I come out:
struct RetrieveKey
{
template <typename T>
typename T::first_type operator()(T keyValuePair) const
{
return keyValuePair.first;
}
};
map<int, int> m;
vector<int> keys;
// Retrieve all keys
transform(m.begin(), m.end(), back_inserter(keys), RetrieveKey());
// Dump all keys
copy(keys.begin(), keys.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, "\n"));
Of course, we can also retrieve all values from the map by defining another functor RetrieveValues.
Is there any other way to achieve this easily? (I'm always wondering why std::map does not include a member function for us to do so.)
This question is related to
c++
dictionary
stl
stdmap
Slightly similar to one of examples here, simplified from std::map
usage perspective.
template<class KEY, class VALUE>
std::vector<KEY> getKeys(const std::map<KEY, VALUE>& map)
{
std::vector<KEY> keys(map.size());
for (const auto& it : map)
keys.push_back(it.first);
return keys;
}
Use like this:
auto keys = getKeys(yourMap);
Based on @rusty-parks solution, but in c++17:
std::map<int, int> items;
std::vector<int> itemKeys;
for (const auto& [key, _] : items) {
itemKeys.push_back(key);
}
Bit of a c++11 take:
std::map<uint32_t, uint32_t> items;
std::vector<uint32_t> itemKeys;
for (auto & kvp : items)
{
itemKeys.emplace_back(kvp.first);
std::cout << kvp.first << std::endl;
}
The following functor retrieves the key set of a map:
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
template <class _Map>
std::vector<typename _Map::key_type> keyset(const _Map& map)
{
std::vector<typename _Map::key_type> result;
result.reserve(map.size());
std::transform(map.cbegin(), map.cend(), std::back_inserter(result), [](typename _Map::const_reference kvpair) {
return kvpair.first;
});
return result;
}
Bonus: The following functors retrieve the value set of a map:
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
template <class _Map>
std::vector<typename _Map::mapped_type> valueset(const _Map& map)
{
std::vector<typename _Map::mapped_type> result;
result.reserve(map.size());
std::transform(map.cbegin(), map.cend(), std::back_inserter(result), [](typename _Map::const_reference kvpair) {
return kvpair.second;
});
return result;
}
template <class _Map>
std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<typename _Map::mapped_type>> valueset(_Map& map)
{
std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<typename _Map::mapped_type>> result;
result.reserve(map.size());
std::transform(map.begin(), map.end(), std::back_inserter(result), [](typename _Map::reference kvpair) {
return std::ref(kvpair.second);
});
return result;
}
Usage:
int main()
{
std::map<int, double> map{
{1, 9.0},
{2, 9.9},
{3, 9.99},
{4, 9.999},
};
auto ks = keyset(map);
auto vs = valueset(map);
for (auto& k : ks) std::cout << k << '\n';
std::cout << "------------------\n";
for (auto& v : vs) std::cout << v << '\n';
for (auto& v : vs) v += 100.0;
std::cout << "------------------\n";
for (auto& v : vs) std::cout << v << '\n';
std::cout << "------------------\n";
for (auto& [k, v] : map) std::cout << v << '\n';
return 0;
}
Expected output:
1
2
3
4
------------------
9
9.9
9.99
9.999
------------------
109
109.9
109.99
109.999
------------------
109
109.9
109.99
109.999
Also, if you have Boost, use transform_iterator to avoid making a temporary copy of the keys.
@DanDan's answer, using C++11 is:
using namespace std;
vector<int> keys;
transform(begin(map_in), end(map_in), back_inserter(keys),
[](decltype(map_in)::value_type const& pair) {
return pair.first;
});
and using C++14 (as noted by @ivan.ukr) we can replace decltype(map_in)::value_type
with auto
.
//c++0x too
std::map<int,int> mapints;
std::vector<int> vints;
for(auto const& imap: mapints)
vints.push_back(imap.first);
you can do this, which is easier to understand.
// To get the keys
std::map<int, double> map;
std::vector<int> keys;
keys.reserve(map.size());
for(const auto& [key, value] : map) {
keys.push_back(key);
}
// To get the values
std::map<int, double> map;
std::vector<double> values;
values.reserve(map.size());
for(const auto& [key, value] : map) {
values.push_back(value);
}
(I'm always wondering why std::map does not include a member function for us to do so.)
Because it can't do it any better than you can do it. If a method's implementation will be no superior to a free function's implementation then in general you should not write a method; you should write a free function.
It's also not immediately clear why it's useful anyway.
You can use the versatile boost::transform_iterator. The transform_iterator allows you to transform the iterated values, for example in our case when you want to deal only with the keys, not the values. See http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_36_0/libs/iterator/doc/transform_iterator.html#example
The best non-sgi, non-boost STL solution is to extend map::iterator like so:
template<class map_type>
class key_iterator : public map_type::iterator
{
public:
typedef typename map_type::iterator map_iterator;
typedef typename map_iterator::value_type::first_type key_type;
key_iterator(const map_iterator& other) : map_type::iterator(other) {} ;
key_type& operator *()
{
return map_type::iterator::operator*().first;
}
};
// helpers to create iterators easier:
template<class map_type>
key_iterator<map_type> key_begin(map_type& m)
{
return key_iterator<map_type>(m.begin());
}
template<class map_type>
key_iterator<map_type> key_end(map_type& m)
{
return key_iterator<map_type>(m.end());
}
and then use them like so:
map<string,int> test;
test["one"] = 1;
test["two"] = 2;
vector<string> keys;
// // method one
// key_iterator<map<string,int> > kb(test.begin());
// key_iterator<map<string,int> > ke(test.end());
// keys.insert(keys.begin(), kb, ke);
// // method two
// keys.insert(keys.begin(),
// key_iterator<map<string,int> >(test.begin()),
// key_iterator<map<string,int> >(test.end()));
// method three (with helpers)
keys.insert(keys.begin(), key_begin(test), key_end(test));
string one = keys[0];
The SGI STL has an extension called select1st
. Too bad it's not in standard STL!
I think the BOOST_FOREACH presented above is nice and clean, however, there is another option using BOOST as well.
#include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp>
#include <boost/lambda/bind.hpp>
std::map<int, int> m;
std::vector<int> keys;
using namespace boost::lambda;
transform( m.begin(),
m.end(),
back_inserter(keys),
bind( &std::map<int,int>::value_type::first, _1 )
);
copy( keys.begin(), keys.end(), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, "\n") );
Personally, I don't think this approach is as clean as the BOOST_FOREACH approach in this case, but boost::lambda can be really clean in other cases.
C++0x has given us a further, excellent solution:
std::vector<int> keys;
std::transform(
m_Inputs.begin(),
m_Inputs.end(),
std::back_inserter(keys),
[](const std::map<int,int>::value_type &pair){return pair.first;});
With atomic map example
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <atomic>
using namespace std;
typedef std::atomic<std::uint32_t> atomic_uint32_t;
typedef std::map<int, atomic_uint32_t> atomic_map_t;
int main()
{
atomic_map_t m;
m[4] = 456;
m[2] = 45678;
vector<int> v;
for(map<int,atomic_uint32_t>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it) {
v.push_back(it->second);
cout << it->first << " "<<it->second<<"\n";
}
return 0;
}
There is a boost range adaptor for this purpose:
#include <boost/range/adaptor/map.hpp>
#include <boost/range/algorithm/copy.hpp>
vector<int> keys;
boost::copy(m | boost::adaptors::map_keys, std::back_inserter(keys));
There is a similar map_values range adaptor for extracting the values.
Your solution is fine but you can use an iterator to do it:
std::map<int, int> m;
m.insert(std::pair<int, int>(3, 4));
m.insert(std::pair<int, int>(5, 6));
for(std::map<int, int>::const_iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
{
int key = it->first;
int value = it->second;
//Do something
}
Here's a nice function template using C++11 magic, working for both std::map, std::unordered_map:
template<template <typename...> class MAP, class KEY, class VALUE>
std::vector<KEY>
keys(const MAP<KEY, VALUE>& map)
{
std::vector<KEY> result;
result.reserve(map.size());
for(const auto& it : map){
result.emplace_back(it.first);
}
return result;
}
Check it out here: http://ideone.com/lYBzpL
I found the following three lines of code as the easiest way:
// save keys in vector
vector<string> keys;
for (auto & it : m) {
keys.push_back(it.first);
}
It is a shorten version of the first way of this answer.
Source: Stackoverflow.com