What are major differences between C and Java

Question

I just want to clarify one thing  This is not a question on which one is better  that part I leave to someone else to discuss  I don t care about it  I ve been asked this question on my job interview and I thought it might be useful to learn a bit more   These are the ones I could come up with    Java is  platform independent   Well nowadays you could say there is the Mono project so C  could be considered too but I believe it is a bit exaggerating  Why  Well  when a new release of Java is done it is simultaneously available on all platforms it supports  on the other hand how many features of C  3 0 are still missing in the Mono implementation  Or is it really CLR vs  JRE that we should compare here  Java doesn t support events and delegates  As far as I know  In Java all methods are virtual Development tools  I believe there isn t such a tool yet as Visual Studio  Especially if you ve worked with team editions you ll know what I mean    Please add others you think are relevant   Update  Just popped up my mind  Java doesn t have something like custom attributes on classes  methods etc  Or does it

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Another good resource is http   www javacamp org javavscsharp  This site enumerates many examples that ilustrate almost all the differences between these two programming languages   About the Attributes  Java has Annotations  that work almost the same way

User · Answer

Another good resource is http   www javacamp org javavscsharp  This site enumerates many examples that ilustrate almost all the differences between these two programming languages   About the Attributes  Java has Annotations  that work almost the same way

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The following is a great in depth reference by Dare Obasanjo on the differences between C  and Java   I always find myself referring to this article when switching between the two   http   www 25hoursaday com CsharpVsJava html

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Features of C  Absent in Java       C  includes more primitive types and the functionality to catch arithmetic exceptions         Includes a large number of notational conveniences over Java  many of which  such as operator overloading and user-defined casts  are already familiar to the large community of C   programmers         Event handling is a  first class citizen    it is part of the language itself         Allows the definition of  structs   which are similar to classes but may be allocated on the stack  unlike instances of classes in C  and Java          C  implements properties as part of the language syntax         C  allows switch statements to operate on strings         C  allows anonymous methods providing closure functionality         C  allows iterator that employs co-routines via a functional-style yield keyword         C  has support for output parameters  aiding in the return of multiple values  a feature shared by C   and SQL         C  has the ability to alias namespaces         C  has  Explicit Member Implementation  which allows a class to specifically implement methods of an interface  separate from its own class methods  This allows it also to implement two different interfaces which happen to have a method of the same name  The methods of an interface do not need to be public  they can be made to be accessible only via that interface         C  provides integration with COM         Following the example of C and C    C  allows call by reference for primitive and reference types   Features of Java Absent in C         Java s strictfp keyword guarantees that the result of floating point operations remain the same across platforms         Java supports checked exceptions for better enforcement of error trapping and handling

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Generics   With Java generics  you don t actually get any of the execution efficiency that you get with  NET because when you compile a generic class in Java  the compiler takes away the type parameter and substitutes Object everywhere  For instance if you have a Foo lt T gt  class the java compiler generates Byte Code as if it was Foo lt Object gt   This means casting and also boxing unboxing will have to be done in the  background    I ve been playing with Java C  for a while now and  in my opinion  the major difference at the language level are  as you pointed  delegates

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Features of C  Absent in Java       C  includes more primitive types and the functionality to catch arithmetic exceptions         Includes a large number of notational conveniences over Java  many of which  such as operator overloading and user-defined casts  are already familiar to the large community of C   programmers         Event handling is a  first class citizen    it is part of the language itself         Allows the definition of  structs   which are similar to classes but may be allocated on the stack  unlike instances of classes in C  and Java          C  implements properties as part of the language syntax         C  allows switch statements to operate on strings         C  allows anonymous methods providing closure functionality         C  allows iterator that employs co-routines via a functional-style yield keyword         C  has support for output parameters  aiding in the return of multiple values  a feature shared by C   and SQL         C  has the ability to alias namespaces         C  has  Explicit Member Implementation  which allows a class to specifically implement methods of an interface  separate from its own class methods  This allows it also to implement two different interfaces which happen to have a method of the same name  The methods of an interface do not need to be public  they can be made to be accessible only via that interface         C  provides integration with COM         Following the example of C and C    C  allows call by reference for primitive and reference types   Features of Java Absent in C         Java s strictfp keyword guarantees that the result of floating point operations remain the same across platforms         Java supports checked exceptions for better enforcement of error trapping and handling

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Generics   With Java generics  you don t actually get any of the execution efficiency that you get with  NET because when you compile a generic class in Java  the compiler takes away the type parameter and substitutes Object everywhere  For instance if you have a Foo lt T gt  class the java compiler generates Byte Code as if it was Foo lt Object gt   This means casting and also boxing unboxing will have to be done in the  background    I ve been playing with Java C  for a while now and  in my opinion  the major difference at the language level are  as you pointed  delegates

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Comparing Java 7 and C  3   Some features of Java 7 aren t mentioned here  but the using statement advantage of all versions of C  over Java 1-6 has been removed    Not all of your summary is correct    In Java methods are virtual by default but you can make them final   In C  they re sealed by default  but you can make them virtual   There are plenty of IDEs for Java  both free  e g  Eclipse  Netbeans  and commercial  e g  IntelliJ IDEA    Beyond that  and what s in your summary already     Generics are completely different between the two  Java generics are just a compile-time  trick   but a useful one at that   In C  and  NET generics are maintained at execution time too  and work for value types as well as reference types  keeping the appropriate efficiency  e g  a List lt byte gt  as a byte   backing it  rather than an array of boxed bytes   C  doesn t have checked exceptions Java doesn t allow the creation of user-defined value types Java doesn t have operator and conversion overloading Java doesn t have iterator blocks for simple implemetation of iterators Java doesn t have anything like LINQ Partly due to not having delegates  Java doesn t have anything quite like anonymous methods and lambda expressions  Anonymous inner classes usually fill these roles  but clunkily  Java doesn t have expression trees C  doesn t have anonymous inner classes C  doesn t have Java s inner classes at all  in fact - all nested classes in C  are like Java s static nested classes Java doesn t have static classes  which don t have any instance constructors  and can t be used for variables  parameters etc  Java doesn t have any equivalent to the C  3 0 anonymous types Java doesn t have implicitly typed local variables Java doesn t have extension methods Java doesn t have object and collection initializer expressions The access modifiers are somewhat different - in Java there s  currently  no direct equivalent of an assembly  so no idea of  internal  visibility  in C  there s no equivalent to the  default  visibility in Java which takes account of namespace  and inheritance  The order of initialization in Java and C  is subtly different  C  executes variable initializers before the chained call to the base type s constructor  Java doesn t have properties as part of the language  they re a convention of get set is methods Java doesn t have the equivalent of  unsafe  code Interop is easier in C   and  NET in general  than Java s JNI Java and C  have somewhat different ideas of enums  Java s are much more object-oriented  Java has no preprocessor directives   define   if etc in C    Java has no equivalent of C  s ref and out for passing parameters by reference Java has no equivalent of partial types C  interfaces cannot declare fields Java has no unsigned integer types Java has no language support for a decimal type   java math BigDecimal provides something like System Decimal - with differences - but there s no language support  Java has no equivalent of nullable value types Boxing in Java uses predefined  but  normal   reference types with particular operations on them  Boxing in C  and  NET is a more transparent affair  with a reference type being created for boxing by the CLR for any value type    This is not exhaustive  but it covers everything I can think of off-hand

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Please go through the link given below          msdn microsoft com en-us library ms836794 aspx  It covers both the similarity and difference between C  and java

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The following is a great in depth reference by Dare Obasanjo on the differences between C  and Java   I always find myself referring to this article when switching between the two   http   www 25hoursaday com CsharpVsJava html

User · Answer

Generics   With Java generics  you don t actually get any of the execution efficiency that you get with  NET because when you compile a generic class in Java  the compiler takes away the type parameter and substitutes Object everywhere  For instance if you have a Foo lt T gt  class the java compiler generates Byte Code as if it was Foo lt Object gt   This means casting and also boxing unboxing will have to be done in the  background    I ve been playing with Java C  for a while now and  in my opinion  the major difference at the language level are  as you pointed  delegates

User · Answer

The following is a great in depth reference by Dare Obasanjo on the differences between C  and Java   I always find myself referring to this article when switching between the two   http   www 25hoursaday com CsharpVsJava html

User · Answer

C  has automatic properties which are incredibly convenient and they also help to keep your code cleaner  at least when you don t have custom logic in your getters and setters

User · Answer

Generics   With Java generics  you don t actually get any of the execution efficiency that you get with  NET because when you compile a generic class in Java  the compiler takes away the type parameter and substitutes Object everywhere  For instance if you have a Foo lt T gt  class the java compiler generates Byte Code as if it was Foo lt Object gt   This means casting and also boxing unboxing will have to be done in the  background    I ve been playing with Java C  for a while now and  in my opinion  the major difference at the language level are  as you pointed  delegates

User · Answer

Another good resource is http   www javacamp org javavscsharp  This site enumerates many examples that ilustrate almost all the differences between these two programming languages   About the Attributes  Java has Annotations  that work almost the same way

User · Answer

Comparing Java 7 and C  3   Some features of Java 7 aren t mentioned here  but the using statement advantage of all versions of C  over Java 1-6 has been removed    Not all of your summary is correct    In Java methods are virtual by default but you can make them final   In C  they re sealed by default  but you can make them virtual   There are plenty of IDEs for Java  both free  e g  Eclipse  Netbeans  and commercial  e g  IntelliJ IDEA    Beyond that  and what s in your summary already     Generics are completely different between the two  Java generics are just a compile-time  trick   but a useful one at that   In C  and  NET generics are maintained at execution time too  and work for value types as well as reference types  keeping the appropriate efficiency  e g  a List lt byte gt  as a byte   backing it  rather than an array of boxed bytes   C  doesn t have checked exceptions Java doesn t allow the creation of user-defined value types Java doesn t have operator and conversion overloading Java doesn t have iterator blocks for simple implemetation of iterators Java doesn t have anything like LINQ Partly due to not having delegates  Java doesn t have anything quite like anonymous methods and lambda expressions  Anonymous inner classes usually fill these roles  but clunkily  Java doesn t have expression trees C  doesn t have anonymous inner classes C  doesn t have Java s inner classes at all  in fact - all nested classes in C  are like Java s static nested classes Java doesn t have static classes  which don t have any instance constructors  and can t be used for variables  parameters etc  Java doesn t have any equivalent to the C  3 0 anonymous types Java doesn t have implicitly typed local variables Java doesn t have extension methods Java doesn t have object and collection initializer expressions The access modifiers are somewhat different - in Java there s  currently  no direct equivalent of an assembly  so no idea of  internal  visibility  in C  there s no equivalent to the  default  visibility in Java which takes account of namespace  and inheritance  The order of initialization in Java and C  is subtly different  C  executes variable initializers before the chained call to the base type s constructor  Java doesn t have properties as part of the language  they re a convention of get set is methods Java doesn t have the equivalent of  unsafe  code Interop is easier in C   and  NET in general  than Java s JNI Java and C  have somewhat different ideas of enums  Java s are much more object-oriented  Java has no preprocessor directives   define   if etc in C    Java has no equivalent of C  s ref and out for passing parameters by reference Java has no equivalent of partial types C  interfaces cannot declare fields Java has no unsigned integer types Java has no language support for a decimal type   java math BigDecimal provides something like System Decimal - with differences - but there s no language support  Java has no equivalent of nullable value types Boxing in Java uses predefined  but  normal   reference types with particular operations on them  Boxing in C  and  NET is a more transparent affair  with a reference type being created for boxing by the CLR for any value type    This is not exhaustive  but it covers everything I can think of off-hand

User · Answer

Please go through the link given below          msdn microsoft com en-us library ms836794 aspx  It covers both the similarity and difference between C  and java

User · Answer

C  has automatic properties which are incredibly convenient and they also help to keep your code cleaner  at least when you don t have custom logic in your getters and setters

User · Answer

Another good resource is http   www javacamp org javavscsharp  This site enumerates many examples that ilustrate almost all the differences between these two programming languages   About the Attributes  Java has Annotations  that work almost the same way

User · Answer

C  has automatic properties which are incredibly convenient and they also help to keep your code cleaner  at least when you don t have custom logic in your getters and setters

User · Answer

The following is a great in depth reference by Dare Obasanjo on the differences between C  and Java   I always find myself referring to this article when switching between the two   http   www 25hoursaday com CsharpVsJava html

User · Answer

Comparing Java 7 and C  3   Some features of Java 7 aren t mentioned here  but the using statement advantage of all versions of C  over Java 1-6 has been removed    Not all of your summary is correct    In Java methods are virtual by default but you can make them final   In C  they re sealed by default  but you can make them virtual   There are plenty of IDEs for Java  both free  e g  Eclipse  Netbeans  and commercial  e g  IntelliJ IDEA    Beyond that  and what s in your summary already     Generics are completely different between the two  Java generics are just a compile-time  trick   but a useful one at that   In C  and  NET generics are maintained at execution time too  and work for value types as well as reference types  keeping the appropriate efficiency  e g  a List lt byte gt  as a byte   backing it  rather than an array of boxed bytes   C  doesn t have checked exceptions Java doesn t allow the creation of user-defined value types Java doesn t have operator and conversion overloading Java doesn t have iterator blocks for simple implemetation of iterators Java doesn t have anything like LINQ Partly due to not having delegates  Java doesn t have anything quite like anonymous methods and lambda expressions  Anonymous inner classes usually fill these roles  but clunkily  Java doesn t have expression trees C  doesn t have anonymous inner classes C  doesn t have Java s inner classes at all  in fact - all nested classes in C  are like Java s static nested classes Java doesn t have static classes  which don t have any instance constructors  and can t be used for variables  parameters etc  Java doesn t have any equivalent to the C  3 0 anonymous types Java doesn t have implicitly typed local variables Java doesn t have extension methods Java doesn t have object and collection initializer expressions The access modifiers are somewhat different - in Java there s  currently  no direct equivalent of an assembly  so no idea of  internal  visibility  in C  there s no equivalent to the  default  visibility in Java which takes account of namespace  and inheritance  The order of initialization in Java and C  is subtly different  C  executes variable initializers before the chained call to the base type s constructor  Java doesn t have properties as part of the language  they re a convention of get set is methods Java doesn t have the equivalent of  unsafe  code Interop is easier in C   and  NET in general  than Java s JNI Java and C  have somewhat different ideas of enums  Java s are much more object-oriented  Java has no preprocessor directives   define   if etc in C    Java has no equivalent of C  s ref and out for passing parameters by reference Java has no equivalent of partial types C  interfaces cannot declare fields Java has no unsigned integer types Java has no language support for a decimal type   java math BigDecimal provides something like System Decimal - with differences - but there s no language support  Java has no equivalent of nullable value types Boxing in Java uses predefined  but  normal   reference types with particular operations on them  Boxing in C  and  NET is a more transparent affair  with a reference type being created for boxing by the CLR for any value type    This is not exhaustive  but it covers everything I can think of off-hand

User · Answer

Comparing Java 7 and C  3   Some features of Java 7 aren t mentioned here  but the using statement advantage of all versions of C  over Java 1-6 has been removed    Not all of your summary is correct    In Java methods are virtual by default but you can make them final   In C  they re sealed by default  but you can make them virtual   There are plenty of IDEs for Java  both free  e g  Eclipse  Netbeans  and commercial  e g  IntelliJ IDEA    Beyond that  and what s in your summary already     Generics are completely different between the two  Java generics are just a compile-time  trick   but a useful one at that   In C  and  NET generics are maintained at execution time too  and work for value types as well as reference types  keeping the appropriate efficiency  e g  a List lt byte gt  as a byte   backing it  rather than an array of boxed bytes   C  doesn t have checked exceptions Java doesn t allow the creation of user-defined value types Java doesn t have operator and conversion overloading Java doesn t have iterator blocks for simple implemetation of iterators Java doesn t have anything like LINQ Partly due to not having delegates  Java doesn t have anything quite like anonymous methods and lambda expressions  Anonymous inner classes usually fill these roles  but clunkily  Java doesn t have expression trees C  doesn t have anonymous inner classes C  doesn t have Java s inner classes at all  in fact - all nested classes in C  are like Java s static nested classes Java doesn t have static classes  which don t have any instance constructors  and can t be used for variables  parameters etc  Java doesn t have any equivalent to the C  3 0 anonymous types Java doesn t have implicitly typed local variables Java doesn t have extension methods Java doesn t have object and collection initializer expressions The access modifiers are somewhat different - in Java there s  currently  no direct equivalent of an assembly  so no idea of  internal  visibility  in C  there s no equivalent to the  default  visibility in Java which takes account of namespace  and inheritance  The order of initialization in Java and C  is subtly different  C  executes variable initializers before the chained call to the base type s constructor  Java doesn t have properties as part of the language  they re a convention of get set is methods Java doesn t have the equivalent of  unsafe  code Interop is easier in C   and  NET in general  than Java s JNI Java and C  have somewhat different ideas of enums  Java s are much more object-oriented  Java has no preprocessor directives   define   if etc in C    Java has no equivalent of C  s ref and out for passing parameters by reference Java has no equivalent of partial types C  interfaces cannot declare fields Java has no unsigned integer types Java has no language support for a decimal type   java math BigDecimal provides something like System Decimal - with differences - but there s no language support  Java has no equivalent of nullable value types Boxing in Java uses predefined  but  normal   reference types with particular operations on them  Boxing in C  and  NET is a more transparent affair  with a reference type being created for boxing by the CLR for any value type    This is not exhaustive  but it covers everything I can think of off-hand

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C  has automatic properties which are incredibly convenient and they also help to keep your code cleaner  at least when you don t have custom logic in your getters and setters

[c#] What are major differences between C# and Java?

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