[c] How to list physical disks?

This might be 5 years too late :). But as I see no answer for this yet, adding this.

We can use Setup APIs to get the list of disks ie., devices in the system implementing GUID_DEVINTERFACE_DISK.

Once we have their device paths, we can issue IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_DEVICE_NUMBER to construct "\\.\PHYSICALDRIVE%d" with STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER.DeviceNumber

See also SetupDiGetClassDevs function

#include <Windows.h>
#include <Setupapi.h>
#include <Ntddstor.h>

#pragma comment( lib, "setupapi.lib" )

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

#define START_ERROR_CHK()           \
    DWORD error = ERROR_SUCCESS;    \
    DWORD failedLine;               \
    string failedApi;

#define CHK( expr, api )            \
    if ( !( expr ) ) {              \
        error = GetLastError( );    \
        failedLine = __LINE__;      \
        failedApi = ( api );        \
        goto Error_Exit;            \
    }

#define END_ERROR_CHK()             \
    error = ERROR_SUCCESS;          \
    Error_Exit:                     \
    if ( ERROR_SUCCESS != error ) { \
        cout << failedApi << " failed at " << failedLine << " : Error Code - " << error << endl;    \
    }

int main( int argc, char **argv ) {

    HDEVINFO diskClassDevices;
    GUID diskClassDeviceInterfaceGuid = GUID_DEVINTERFACE_DISK;
    SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData;
    PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA deviceInterfaceDetailData;
    DWORD requiredSize;
    DWORD deviceIndex;

    HANDLE disk = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER diskNumber;
    DWORD bytesReturned;

    START_ERROR_CHK();

    //
    // Get the handle to the device information set for installed
    // disk class devices. Returns only devices that are currently
    // present in the system and have an enabled disk device
    // interface.
    //
    diskClassDevices = SetupDiGetClassDevs( &diskClassDeviceInterfaceGuid,
                                            NULL,
                                            NULL,
                                            DIGCF_PRESENT |
                                            DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE );
    CHK( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != diskClassDevices,
         "SetupDiGetClassDevs" );

    ZeroMemory( &deviceInterfaceData, sizeof( SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA ) );
    deviceInterfaceData.cbSize = sizeof( SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA );
    deviceIndex = 0;

    while ( SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces( diskClassDevices,
                                         NULL,
                                         &diskClassDeviceInterfaceGuid,
                                         deviceIndex,
                                         &deviceInterfaceData ) ) {

        ++deviceIndex;

        SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail( diskClassDevices,
                                         &deviceInterfaceData,
                                         NULL,
                                         0,
                                         &requiredSize,
                                         NULL );
        CHK( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER == GetLastError( ),
             "SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail - 1" );

        deviceInterfaceDetailData = ( PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA ) malloc( requiredSize );
        CHK( NULL != deviceInterfaceDetailData,
             "malloc" );

        ZeroMemory( deviceInterfaceDetailData, requiredSize );
        deviceInterfaceDetailData->cbSize = sizeof( SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA );

        CHK( SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail( diskClassDevices,
                                              &deviceInterfaceData,
                                              deviceInterfaceDetailData,
                                              requiredSize,
                                              NULL,
                                              NULL ),
             "SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail - 2" );

        disk = CreateFile( deviceInterfaceDetailData->DevicePath,
                           GENERIC_READ,
                           FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
                           NULL,
                           OPEN_EXISTING,
                           FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
                           NULL );
        CHK( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != disk,
             "CreateFile" );

        CHK( DeviceIoControl( disk,
                              IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_DEVICE_NUMBER,
                              NULL,
                              0,
                              &diskNumber,
                              sizeof( STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER ),
                              &bytesReturned,
                              NULL ),
             "IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_DEVICE_NUMBER" );

        CloseHandle( disk );
        disk = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;

        cout << deviceInterfaceDetailData->DevicePath << endl;
        cout << "\\\\?\\PhysicalDrive" << diskNumber.DeviceNumber << endl;
        cout << endl;
    }
    CHK( ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS == GetLastError( ),
         "SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces" );

    END_ERROR_CHK();

Exit:

    if ( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != diskClassDevices ) {
        SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList( diskClassDevices );
    }

    if ( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != disk ) {
        CloseHandle( disk );
    }

    return error;
}

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