Is there a way to check to see if a pid corresponds to a valid process? I'm getting a pid from a different source other than from os.getpid() and I need to check to see if a process with that pid doesn't exist on the machine.
I need it to be available in Unix and Windows. I'm also checking to see if the PID is NOT in use.
I'd say use the PID for whatever purpose you're obtaining it and handle the errors gracefully. Otherwise, it's a classic race (the PID may be valid when you check it's valid, but go away an instant later)
Look here for windows-specific way of getting full list of running processes with their IDs. It would be something like
from win32com.client import GetObject
def get_proclist():
WMI = GetObject('winmgmts:')
processes = WMI.InstancesOf('Win32_Process')
return [process.Properties_('ProcessID').Value for process in processes]
You can then verify pid you get against this list. I have no idea about performance cost, so you'd better check this if you're going to do pid verification often.
For *NIx, just use mluebke's solution.
Building upon ntrrgc's I've beefed up the windows version so it checks the process exit code and checks for permissions:
def pid_exists(pid):
"""Check whether pid exists in the current process table."""
if os.name == 'posix':
import errno
if pid < 0:
return False
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
except OSError as e:
return e.errno == errno.EPERM
else:
return True
else:
import ctypes
kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
HANDLE = ctypes.c_void_p
DWORD = ctypes.c_ulong
LPDWORD = ctypes.POINTER(DWORD)
class ExitCodeProcess(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [ ('hProcess', HANDLE),
('lpExitCode', LPDWORD)]
SYNCHRONIZE = 0x100000
process = kernel32.OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE, 0, pid)
if not process:
return False
ec = ExitCodeProcess()
out = kernel32.GetExitCodeProcess(process, ctypes.byref(ec))
if not out:
err = kernel32.GetLastError()
if kernel32.GetLastError() == 5:
# Access is denied.
logging.warning("Access is denied to get pid info.")
kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
return False
elif bool(ec.lpExitCode):
# print ec.lpExitCode.contents
# There is an exist code, it quit
kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
return False
# No exit code, it's running.
kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
return True
The answers involving sending 'signal 0' to the process will work only if the process in question is owned by the user running the test. Otherwise you will get an OSError due to permissions, even if the pid exists in the system.
In order to bypass this limitation you can check if /proc/<pid> exists:
import os
def is_running(pid):
if os.path.isdir('/proc/{}'.format(pid)):
return True
return False
This applies to linux based systems only, obviously.
In Python 3.3+, you could use exception names instead of errno constants. Posix version:
import os
def pid_exists(pid):
if pid < 0: return False #NOTE: pid == 0 returns True
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
except ProcessLookupError: # errno.ESRCH
return False # No such process
except PermissionError: # errno.EPERM
return True # Operation not permitted (i.e., process exists)
else:
return True # no error, we can send a signal to the process
This will work for Linux, for example if you want to check if banshee is running... (banshee is a music player)
import subprocess
def running_process(process):
"check if process is running. < process > is the name of the process."
proc = subprocess.Popen(["if pgrep " + process + " >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo 'True'; else echo 'False'; fi"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
(Process_Existance, err) = proc.communicate()
return Process_Existance
# use the function
print running_process("banshee")
The following code works on both Linux and Windows, and not depending on external modules
import os
import subprocess
import platform
import re
def pid_alive(pid:int):
""" Check For whether a pid is alive """
system = platform.uname().system
if re.search('Linux', system, re.IGNORECASE):
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
except OSError:
return False
else:
return True
elif re.search('Windows', system, re.IGNORECASE):
out = subprocess.check_output(["tasklist","/fi",f"PID eq {pid}"]).strip()
# b'INFO: No tasks are running which match the specified criteria.'
if re.search(b'No tasks', out, re.IGNORECASE):
return False
else:
return True
else:
raise RuntimeError(f"unsupported system={system}")
It can be easily enhanced in case you need
Combining Giampaolo Rodolà's answer for POSIX and mine for Windows I got this:
import os
if os.name == 'posix':
def pid_exists(pid):
"""Check whether pid exists in the current process table."""
import errno
if pid < 0:
return False
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
except OSError as e:
return e.errno == errno.EPERM
else:
return True
else:
def pid_exists(pid):
import ctypes
kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
SYNCHRONIZE = 0x100000
process = kernel32.OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE, 0, pid)
if process != 0:
kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
return True
else:
return False
Have a look at the psutil module:
psutil (python system and process utilities) is a cross-platform library for retrieving information on running processes and system utilization (CPU, memory, disks, network) in Python. [...] It currently supports Linux, Windows, OSX, FreeBSD and Sun Solaris, both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures, with Python versions from 2.6 to 3.4 (users of Python 2.4 and 2.5 may use 2.1.3 version). PyPy is also known to work.
It has a function called pid_exists() that you can use to check whether a process with the given pid exists.
Here's an example:
import psutil
pid = 12345
if psutil.pid_exists(pid):
print("a process with pid %d exists" % pid)
else:
print("a process with pid %d does not exist" % pid)
For reference:
I found that this solution seems to work well in both windows and linux. I used psutil to check.
import psutil
import subprocess
import os
p = subprocess.Popen(['python', self.evaluation_script],stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
pid = p.pid
def __check_process_running__(self,p):
if p is not None:
poll = p.poll()
if poll == None:
return True
return False
def __check_PID_running__(self,pid):
"""
Checks if a pid is still running (UNIX works, windows we'll see)
Inputs:
pid - process id
returns:
True if running, False if not
"""
if (platform.system() == 'Linux'):
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
if pid<0: # In case code terminates
return False
except OSError:
return False
else:
return True
elif (platform.system() == 'Windows'):
return pid in (p.pid for p in psutil.process_iter())
mluebke code is not 100% correct; kill() can also raise EPERM (access denied) in which case that obviously means a process exists. This is supposed to work:
(edited as per Jason R. Coombs comments)
import errno
import os
def pid_exists(pid):
"""Check whether pid exists in the current process table.
UNIX only.
"""
if pid < 0:
return False
if pid == 0:
# According to "man 2 kill" PID 0 refers to every process
# in the process group of the calling process.
# On certain systems 0 is a valid PID but we have no way
# to know that in a portable fashion.
raise ValueError('invalid PID 0')
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
except OSError as err:
if err.errno == errno.ESRCH:
# ESRCH == No such process
return False
elif err.errno == errno.EPERM:
# EPERM clearly means there's a process to deny access to
return True
else:
# According to "man 2 kill" possible error values are
# (EINVAL, EPERM, ESRCH)
raise
else:
return True
You can't do this on Windows unless you use pywin32, ctypes or a C extension module. If you're OK with depending from an external lib you can use psutil:
>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.pid_exists(2353)
True
In Windows, you can do it in this way:
import ctypes
PROCESS_QUERY_INFROMATION = 0x1000
def checkPid(pid):
processHandle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFROMATION, 0,pid)
if processHandle == 0:
return False
else:
ctypes.windll.kernel32.CloseHandle(processHandle)
return True
First of all, in this code you try to get a handle for process with pid given. If the handle is valid, then close the handle for process and return True; otherwise, you return False. Documentation for OpenProcess: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms684320%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
Source: Stackoverflow.com