The answer is
Here's an example of how to set a red prompt:
PS1=$'\e[0;31m$ \e[0m'
The magic is the \e[0;31m (turn on red foreground) and \e[0m (turn off character attributes). These are called escape sequences. Different escape sequences give you different results, from absolute cursor positioning, to color, to being able to change the title bar of your window, and so on.
For more on escape sequences, see the wikipedia entry on ANSI escape codes
Zsh comes with colored prompts builtin. Try
autoload -U promptinit && promptinit
and then prompt -l lists available prompts, -p fire previews the "fire" prompt, -s fire sets it.
When you are ready to add a prompt add something like this below the autoload line above:
prompt fade red
I don't think the autoload -U colors && colors is needed anymore and one can simply do:
PS1="%{%F{red}%}%n%{%f%}@%{%F{blue}%}%m %{%F{yellow}%}%~ %{$%f%}%% "
to achieve the same result as FireDude's answer. See the ZSH documentation for more info.
In order to not waste space in the terminal with special characters to pieces of information, you can differentiate information using multiple colors.
Eg. in order to get this desired effect:
You can do the following to your prompt:
PROMPT='%F{magenta}${PWD/#$HOME/~} %F{green}${vcs_info_msg_0_} %F{cyan}$%F{reset_color} '
The way it works is every time you set a color using $F{myColor} the color from that point onward will stick to that. It's important to add in %{reset_color} at the end so that the input text goes back to the original color (or you could set it to something else if you'd like).
To get a prompt with the color depending on the last command’s exit status, you could use this:
PS1='%(?.%F{green}.%F{red})%n@%m:%~%# %f'
Just add this line to your ~/.zshrc.
The documentation lists possible placeholders.
The answer by Bryan Oakley above has a glitch as it has already been pointed out and the solution offered by Andrew Marshall though it does not carry the glitch, nevertheless it does not make it obvious for too much customization on the colors used.
As macOS Catalina asks for zsh to be the default shell from now on, I think several more people may want to customize their prompt and might be coming here for an answer. So, I thought I would try to give a broader summary and touch upon other very closely-related notions that allow more customization.
3-Digit Codes for Various Colors. First of all, here we can find 3-digit codes for various colors: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/124409/194343. For example, 214 is some kind of orange color.
Foreground and Background. The other key information is that for Foreground and bacKground colors one can define what they want with F and K respectively. Source is zsh manual on visual effects: http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Prompt-Expansion.html#Visual-effects
So, for example, the following two commands
autoload -U colors && colors
export PS1="%F{214}%K{000}%m%F{015}%K{000}:%F{039}%K{000}%~%F{015}%K{000}\$ "
present the hostname in orange with black background, followed by a colon in white with black background, followed by the current working directory in bright blue with black background, followed by the dollar sign in white with black background.
More related information is found below.
Prompt information on the right-hand side. For example, adding a timestamp. See https://superuser.com/a/1251045/290299. Of course, this can be color-coded, for example with some light blue/purple-ish color, like this:
RPROMPT="%F{111}%K{000}[%D{%f/%m/%y}|%@]"
Colors for ls. After reading the manual for ls, one for example can activate the colors for ls using the following two commands:
export CLICOLOR=1
export LSCOLORS=gafacadabaegedabagacad
Finally, as a last remark that I have not tested as I am happy with my configuration, another avenue might be for someone to install the port coreutils from MacPorts and then use gdircolors (source: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/174596/194343). (I may edit this last part in the future as all the above are related pieces that make every-day life much more fun and easier to cope with.)
man zshall and search for PROMPT EXPANSION
After reading the existing answers here, several of them are conflicting. I've tried the various approaches on systems running zsh 4.2 and 5+ and found that the reason these answers are conflicting is that they do not say which version of ZSH they are targeted at. Different versions use different syntax for this and some of them require various autoloads.
So, the best bet is probably to man zshall and search for PROMPT EXPANSION to find out all the rules for your particular installation of zsh. Note in the comments, things like "I use Ubuntu 11.04 or 10.4 or OSX" Are not very meaningful as it's unclear which version of ZSH you are using. Ubuntu 11.04 does not imply a newer version of ZSH than ubuntu 10.04. There may be any number of reasons that an older version was installed. For that matter a newer version of ZSH does not imply which syntax to use without knowing which version of ZSH it is.
Put this in ~/.zshrc:
autoload -U colors && colors
PS1="%{$fg[red]%}%n%{$reset_color%}@%{$fg[blue]%}%m %{$fg[yellow]%}%~ %{$reset_color%}%% "
Supported Colors:
red, blue, green, cyan, yellow, magenta, black, & white (from this answer) although different computers may have different valid options.
Surround color codes (and any other non-printable chars) with %{....%}. This is for the text wrapping to work correctly.
Additionally, here is how you can get this to work with the directory-trimming from here.
PS1="%{$fg[red]%}%n%{$reset_color%}@%{$fg[blue]%}%m %{$fg[yellow]%}%(5~|%-1~/.../%3~|%4~) %{$reset_color%}%% "
Try my favorite: put in
~/.zshrc
this line:
PROMPT='%F{240}%n%F{red}@%F{green}%m:%F{141}%d$ %F{reset}'
don't forget
source ~/.zshrc
to test the changes
you can change the colors/color codes, of course :-)
To complement all of the above answers another convenient trick is to place the coloured prompt settings into a zsh function. There you may define local variables to alias longer commands, e.g. rc=$reset_color or define your own colour variables. Don't forget to place it into your .zshrc file and call the function you have defined:
# Coloured prompt
autoload -U colors && colors
function myprompt {
local rc=$reset_color
export PS1="%F{cyan}%n%{$rc%}@%F{green}%m%{$rc%}:%F{magenta}%~%{$rc%}%# "
}
myprompt
I have found that, with zsh5 (the default one on Debian Jessie), all those solutions works:
$'\e[00m$fg[white]$fg{white}
Now, they have a problem: they will move the cursor, resulting in ugly decal when tabbing (for auto-completion). The solution is simply to surround the escape sequences with %{FOOBAR%}. Took me a while to figure this.
For 2nd and 3rd solutions loading colors module is mandatory.
To keep the 1st solution readable, just define variables for the colors you use.
Source: Stackoverflow.com