To resolve this problem you first need to check the SSL certificates of the host your are connecting to. For example using ssllabs or other ssl tools. In my case the intermediate certificate was wrong.
If the certificate is ok, make sure the openSSL on your server is up to date. Run openssl -v
to check your version. Maybe your version is to old to work with the certificate.
In very rare cases you might want to disable ssl security features like verify_peer, verify_peer_name or allow_self_signed. Please be very careful with this and never use this in production. This is only an option for temporary testing.