I'm practicing the code from 'Web Scraping with Python', and I keep having this certificate problem:
from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
pages = set()
def getLinks(pageUrl):
global pages
html = urlopen("http://en.wikipedia.org"+pageUrl)
bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html)
for link in bsObj.findAll("a", href=re.compile("^(/wiki/)")):
if 'href' in link.attrs:
if link.attrs['href'] not in pages:
#We have encountered a new page
newPage = link.attrs['href']
print(newPage)
pages.add(newPage)
getLinks(newPage)
getLinks("")
The error is:
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 1319, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1049)>
Btw,I was also practicing scrapy, but kept getting the problem: command not found: scrapy (I tried all sorts of solutions online but none works... really frustrating)
This question is related to
python
web-scraping
beautifulsoup
scrapy
ssl-certificate
I'm a relative novice compared to all the experts on Stack Overflow.
I have 2 versions of jupyter notebook running (one through a fresh Anaconda Navigator installation and one through ????). I think this is because Anaconda was installed as a local installation on my Mac (per Anaconda instructions).
I already had python 3.7 installed. After that, I used my terminal to open jupyter notebook and I think that it put another version globally onto my Mac.
However, I'm not sure because I'm just learning through trial and error!
I did the terminal command:
conda install -c anaconda certifi
(as directed above, but it didn't work.)
My python 3.7 is installed on OS Catalina10.15.3 in:
The certificate is at:
I tried to find the Install Certificate.command ... but couldn't find it through looking through the file structures...not in Applications...not in links above.
I finally installed it by finding it through Spotlight (as someone suggested above). And it double clicked automatically and installed ANOTHER certificate in the same folder as:
NONE of the above solved anything for me...I still got the same error.
So, I solved the problem by:
I can't tell you why this worked. But it solved the problem for me.
I just want to save someone the hassle next time. If someone can tell my why it worked, that would be terrific.
I didn't try the other terminal commands because of the 2 versions of jupyter notebook that I knew were a problem. I just don't know how to fix that.
Use requests library.
Try this solution, or just add https://
before the URL:
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
pages = set()
def getLinks(pageUrl):
global pages
html = requests.get("http://en.wikipedia.org"+pageUrl, verify=False).text
bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html)
for link in bsObj.findAll("a", href=re.compile("^(/wiki/)")):
if 'href' in link.attrs:
if link.attrs['href'] not in pages:
#We have encountered a new page
newPage = link.attrs['href']
print(newPage)
pages.add(newPage)
getLinks(newPage)
getLinks("")
Check if this works for you
If you're running on a Mac you could just search for Install Certificates.command
on the spotlight and hit enter.
For anyone who is using anaconda, you would install the certifi
package, see more at:
https://anaconda.org/anaconda/certifi
To install, type this line in your terminal:
conda install -c anaconda certifi
I could find this solution and is working fine:
cd /Applications/Python\ 3.7/
./Install\ Certificates.command
To solve this:
All you need to do is to install Python certificates! A common issue on macOS.
Open these files:
Install Certificates.command
Update Shell Profile.command
Simply Run these two scripts and you wont have this issue any more.
Hope this helps!
Take a look at this post, it seems like for later versions of Python, certificates are not pre installed which seems to cause this error. You should be able to run the following command to install the certifi package: /Applications/Python\ 3.6/Install\ Certificates.command
Two steps worked for me : - going Macintosh HD > Applications > Python3.7 folder - click on "Install Certificates.command"
Install Certificates.command on your mac.
This terminal command:
open /Applications/Python\ 3.7/Install\ Certificates.command
Found here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/57614113/6207266
Resolved it for me. With my config
pip install --upgrade certifi
had no impact.
i didn't solve the problem, sadly. but managed to make to codes work (almost all of my codes have this probelm btw) the local issuer certificate problem happens under python3.7 so i changed back to python2.7 QAQ and all that needed to change including "from urllib2 import urlopen" instead of "from urllib.request import urlopen" so sad...
I am using Debian 10 buster and try download a file with youtube-dl and get this error:
sudo youtube-dl -k https://youtu.be/uscis0CnDjk
[youtube] uscis0CnDjk: Downloading webpage ERROR: Unable to download webpage: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1056)> (caused by URLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1056)')))
Certificates with python2 and python3.8 are installed correctly, but i persistent receive the same error.
finally (which is not the best solution, but works for me was to eliminate the certificate check as it is given as an option in youtube-dl) whith this command
sudo youtube-dl -k --no-check-certificate https://youtu.be/uscis0CnDjk
For me the problem was that I was setting REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE
in my .bash_profile
/Users/westonagreene/.bash_profile:
...
export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=/usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem
...
Once I set REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE
to blank (i.e. removed from .bash_profile
), requests
worked again.
export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=""
The problem only exhibited when executing python requests
via a CLI (Command Line Interface). If I ran requests.get(URL, CERT)
it resolved just fine.
Mac OS Catalina (10.15.6).
Pyenv of 3.6.11.
Error message I was getting: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1056)
My answer elsewhere: https://stackoverflow.com/a/64151964/4420657
to use unverified ssl you can add this to your code:
import ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
This will work. Set the environment variable PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY to 0.
export PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY = 0
OR
import os
os.environ["PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY"] = "0"
I had the same error and solved the problem by running the program code below:
# install_certifi.py
#
# sample script to install or update a set of default Root Certificates
# for the ssl module. Uses the certificates provided by the certifi package:
# https://pypi.python.org/pypi/certifi
import os
import os.path
import ssl
import stat
import subprocess
import sys
STAT_0o775 = ( stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IXUSR
| stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IXGRP
| stat.S_IROTH | stat.S_IXOTH )
def main():
openssl_dir, openssl_cafile = os.path.split(
ssl.get_default_verify_paths().openssl_cafile)
print(" -- pip install --upgrade certifi")
subprocess.check_call([sys.executable,
"-E", "-s", "-m", "pip", "install", "--upgrade", "certifi"])
import certifi
# change working directory to the default SSL directory
os.chdir(openssl_dir)
relpath_to_certifi_cafile = os.path.relpath(certifi.where())
print(" -- removing any existing file or link")
try:
os.remove(openssl_cafile)
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
print(" -- creating symlink to certifi certificate bundle")
os.symlink(relpath_to_certifi_cafile, openssl_cafile)
print(" -- setting permissions")
os.chmod(openssl_cafile, STAT_0o775)
print(" -- update complete")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Source: Stackoverflow.com