How to percent-encode URL parameters in Python

Question

If I do   url    http   example com p     urllib quote query     It doesn t encode   to  2F  breaks OAuth normalization  It doesn t handle Unicode  it throws an exception    Is there a better library

User · Answer

If you re using django  you can use urlquote    gt  gt  gt  from django utils http import urlquote  gt  gt  gt  urlquote u M  ller   u M C3 BCller    Note that changes to Python since this answer was published mean that this is now a legacy wrapper  From the Django 2 1 source code for django utils http   A legacy compatibility wrapper to Python s urllib parse quote   function   was used for unicode handling on Python 2

User · Answer

In Python 3  urllib quote has been moved to urllib parse quote and it does handle unicode by default    gt  gt  gt  from urllib parse import quote  gt  gt  gt  quote   test     test   gt  gt  gt  quote   test   safe       2Ftest   gt  gt  gt  quote   El Ni  o      El 20Ni C3 B1o

User · Answer

Python 2  From the docs   urllib quote string   safe        Replace special characters in string   using the  xx escape  Letters  digits    and the characters    -  are never   quoted  By default  this function is   intended for quoting the path section   of the URL The optional safe parameter   specifies additional characters that   should not be quoted     its default   value is       That means passing    for safe will solve your first issue    gt  gt  gt  urllib quote   test     test   gt  gt  gt  urllib quote   test   safe       2Ftest    About the second issue  there is a bug report about it here  Apparently it was fixed in python 3  You can workaround it by encoding as utf8 like this    gt  gt  gt  query   urllib quote u M  ller  encode  utf8     gt  gt  gt  print urllib unquote query  decode  utf8   M  ller   By the way have a look at urlencode  Python 3  The same  except replace urllib quote with urllib parse quote

User · Answer

My answer is similar to Paolo s answer   I think module requests is much better  It s based on urllib3  You can try this    gt  gt  gt  from requests utils import quote  gt  gt  gt  quote   test     test   gt  gt  gt  quote   test   safe       2Ftest

User · Answer

It is better to use urlencode here  Not much difference for single parameter but IMHO makes the code clearer   It looks confusing to see a function quote plus  especially those coming from other languates   In  21   query  lskdfj sdfkjdf ksdfj skfj   In  22   val 34  In  23   from urllib parse import urlencode  In  24   encoded   urlencode dict p query val val    In  25   print f http   example com  encoded    http   example com p lskdfj 2Fsdfkjdf 2Fksdfj skfj amp val 34   Docs  urlencode  https   docs python org 3 library urllib parse html urllib parse urlencode  quote plus  https   docs python org 3 library urllib parse html urllib parse quote plus

[python] How to percent-encode URL parameters in Python?

Examples related to python

Examples related to url

Examples related to encoding

Examples related to urllib

Examples related to urlencode