Using classes with the Arduino

Question

I m trying to use class objects with the Arduino  but I keep running into problems  All I want to do is declare a class and create an object of that class   What would an example be

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On this page  the Arduino sketch defines a couple of Structs  plus a couple of methods  which are then called in the setup loop and main loop  Simple enough to interpret  even for a barely-literate programmer like me

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There is an excellent tutorial on how to create a library for the Arduino platform  A library is basically a class  so it should show you how its all done   On Arduino you can use classes  but there are a few restrictions    No new and delete keywords No exceptions No libstdc    hence no standard functions  templates or classes   You also need to make new files for your classes  you can t just declare them in your main sketch  You also will need to close the Arduino IDE when recompiling a library  That is why I use Eclipse as my Arduino IDE

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http   www arduino cc cgi-bin yabb2 YaBB pl num 1230935955 states      By default  the Arduino IDE and   libraries does not use the operator   new and operator delete   It does   support malloc   and free     So the   solution is to implement new and   delete operators for yourself  to use   these functions       Code    include  lt stdlib h gt     for malloc and free void  operator new size t size    return malloc size      void operator delete void  ptr    free ptr        This let s you create objects  e g   C  c     declare variable c   new C       create instance of class C c- gt M       call method M delete c      free memory   Regards  tamberg

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On Arduino 1 0  this compiles just fine   class A     public     int x     virtual void f     x 1        class B   public A     public      int y      virtual void f     x 2         A  a  B  b  const int TEST PIN   10   void setup        a new A        b new B       pinMode TEST PIN OUTPUT      void loop        a- gt f       b- gt f       digitalWrite TEST PIN  a- gt x    b- gt x    HIGH   LOW

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Can you provide an example of what did not work  As you likely know  the Wiring language is based on C C    however  not all of C   is supported   Whether you are allowed to create classes in the Wiring IDE  I m not sure  my first Arduino is in the mail right now   I do know that if you wrote a C   class  compiled it using AVR-GCC  then loaded it on your Arduino using AVRDUDE  it would work

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My Webduino library is all based on a C   class that implements a web server on top of the Arduino Ethernet shield   I defined the whole class in a  h file that any Arduino code can  include   Feel free to look at the code to see how I do it    I ended up just defining it all inline because there s no real reason to separately compile objects with the Arduino IDE

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I created this simple one a while back  The main challenge I had was to create a good build environment - a makefile that would compile and link deploy everything without having to use the GUI  For the code  here is the header   class AMLed       private            uint8 t  ledPin            long  turnOffTime       public            AMLed uint8 t pin             void setOn              void setOff                 Turn the led on for a given amount of time  relies              on a call to check   in the main loop               void setOnForTime int millis             void check         And here is the main source  AMLed  AMLed uint8 t ledPin     ledPin ledPin    turnOffTime 0        pinMode  ledPin  OUTPUT      void AMLed  setOn         digitalWrite  ledPin  HIGH      void AMLed  setOff         digitalWrite  ledPin  LOW      void AMLed  setOnForTime int p millis         turnOffTime   millis     p millis      setOn       void AMLed  check         if   turnOffTime    0  amp  amp   millis    gt   turnOffTime                  turnOffTime   0          setOff              It s more prettily formatted here  http   amkimian blogspot com 2009 07 trivial-led-class html  To use  I simply do something like this in the  pde file    include  AM Led h    define TIME LED    12      The port for the LED  AMLed test TIME LED

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