When to use Interface and Model in TypeScript Angular

Question

I recently watched a Tutorial on Angular 2 with TypeScript  but unsure when to use an Interface and when to use a Model for data structures  Example of interface  export interface IProduct       ProductNumber  number      ProductName  string      ProductDescription  string     Example of Model  export class Product       constructor          public ProductNumber  number          public ProductName  string          public ProductDescription  string            I want to load a JSON data from a URL and bind to the Interface Model  Sometime I want a single data object  other time I want to hold an array of the object  Which one should I use and why

User · Answer

Use Class instead of Interface that is what I discovered after all my research   Why  A class alone is less code than a class-plus-interface   anyway you may require a Class for data model   Why  A class can act as an interface  use implements instead of extends    Why  An interface-class can be a provider lookup token in Angular dependency injection   from Angular Style Guide  Basically a Class can do all  what an Interface will do  So may never need to use an Interface

User · Answer

Interfaces are only at compile time  This allows only you to check that the expected data received follows a particular structure  For this you can cast your content to this interface   this http get             map res   gt   lt Product   gt res json       See these questions    How do I cast a JSON object to a typescript class How to get Date object from json Response in typescript   You can do something similar with class but the main differences with class are that they are present at runtime  constructor function  and you can define methods in them with processing  But  in this case  you need to instantiate objects to be able to use them   this http get             map res   gt          var data   res json          return data map d   gt            return new Product d productNumber            d productName  d productDescription

User · Answer

I personally use interfaces for my models  There hoewver are 3 schools regarding this question  and choosing one is most often based on your requirements  1- Interfaces  interface is a virtual structure that only exists within the context of TypeScript  The TypeScript compiler uses interfaces solely for type-checking purposes  Once your code is transpiled to its target language  it will be stripped from its interfaces - JavaScript isn   t typed  interface User    id  number   username  string       inheritance interface UserDetails extends User    birthdate  Date   biography   string      use the     annotation to mark this property as optionnal    Mapping server response to an interface is straight forward if you are using HttpClient from  HttpClientModule if you are using Angular 4 3 x and above  getUsers    Observable lt User   gt     return this http get lt User   gt  url      no need for   map  res  Response    gt  res json         when to use interfaces   You only need the definition for the server data without introducing additional overhead for the final output  You only need to transmit data without any behaviors or logic  constructor initialization  methods  You do not instantiate create objects from your interface very often  Using simple object-literal notationlet instance  FooInterface             you risk having semi-instances all over the place  That doesn t enforce the constraints given by a class   constructor or initialization logic  validation  encapsulation of private fields   Etc    You need to define contracts configurations for your systems  global configurations   2- Classes  A class defines the blueprints of an object  They express the logic  methods  and properties these objects will inherit  class User    id  number   username  string   constructor id  number  username  string       this id   id    this username   username replace    s   s   g          trim whitespaces and new lines         inheritance class UserDetails extends User    birthdate  Date   biography   string     constructor id  number  username  string  birthdate Date  biography   string         super id username     this birthdate              when to use classes   You instantiate your class and change the instances state over time  Instances of your class will need methods to query or mutate its state When you want to associate behaviors with data more closely  You enforce constraints on the creation of your instaces  If you only write a bunch of properties assignments in your class  you might consider using a type instead   2- Types  With the latest versions of typescript  interfaces and types becoming more similar  types do not express logic or state inside your application  It is best to use types when you want to describe some form of information  They can describe varying shapes of data  ranging from simple constructs like strings  arrays  and objects  Like interfaces  types are only virtual structures that don t transpile to any javascript  they just help the compiler making our life easier  type User      id  number   username  string       inheritance type UserDetails   User  amp      birthDate  Date    biography  string     when to use types   pass it around as concise function parameters describe a class constructor parameters document small or medium objects coming in or out from an API  they don t carry state nor behavior

User · Answer

As  ThierryTemplier said for receiving data from server and also transmitting model between components  to keep intellisense list and make design time error   it s fine to use interface but I think for sending data to server  DTOs  it s better to use class to take advantages of auto mapping DTO from model

User · Answer

The Interface describes either a contract for a class or a new type  It is a pure Typescript element  so it doesn t affect Javascript   A model  and namely a class  is an actual JS function which is being used to generate new objects      I want to load JSON data from a URL and bind to the Interface Model    Go for a model  otherwise it will still be JSON in your Javascript

[angular] When to use Interface and Model in TypeScript / Angular

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