How to get a random value from dictionary

Question

How can I get a random pair from a dict  I m making a game where you need to guess a capital of a country and I need questions to appear randomly   The dict looks like   VENEZUELA   CARACAS    How can I do this

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gt  gt  gt  import random  gt  gt  gt  d   dict Venezuela   1  Spain   2  USA   3  Italy   4   gt  gt  gt  random choice d keys     Venezuela   gt  gt  gt  random choice d keys     USA    By calling random choice on the keys of the dictionary  the countries

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Here is a little Python code for a dictionary class that can return random keys in O 1  time   I included MyPy types in this code for readability   from typing import TypeVar  Generic  Dict  List import random  K   TypeVar  K   V   TypeVar  V   class IndexableDict Generic K  V        def   init   self  - gt  None          self keys  List K               self vals  List V               self dict  Dict K  int            def   getitem   self  key  K  - gt  V          return self vals self dict key        def   setitem   self  key  K  val  V  - gt  None          if key in self dict              index   self dict key              self vals index    val         else              self dict key    len self keys              self keys append key              self vals append val       def   contains   self  key  K  - gt  bool          return key in self dict      def   len   self  - gt  int          return len self keys       def random key self  - gt  K          return self keys random randrange len self keys

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If you don t want to use the random module  you can also try popitem      gt  gt  d     a   1   b   5   c   7   gt  gt  gt  d popitem     a   1   gt  gt  gt  d   c   7   b   5   gt  gt  gt  d popitem     c   7    Since the dict doesn t preserve order  by using popitem you get items in an arbitrary  but not strictly random  order from it   Also keep in mind that popitem removes the key-value pair from dictionary  as stated in the docs      popitem   is useful to destructively iterate over a dictionary

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I found this post by looking for a rather comparable solution  For picking multiple elements out of a dict  this can be used  idx picks   np random choice len d   num of picks  replace False    Don t pick the same element twice  result   dict    c keys    d keys     not so efficient - unfortunately  keys   returns a non-indexable object because dicts are unordered for i in idx picks      result c keys i     d i

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Since the original post wanted the pair   import random d     VENEZUELA   CARACAS    CANADA   TORONTO   country  capital   random choice list d items        python 3 style

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If you don t want to use random choice   you can try this way    gt  gt  gt  list myDictionary  i   VENEZUELA   gt  gt  gt  myDictionary     VENEZUELA   CARACAS    IRAN     TEHRAN    gt  gt  gt  import random  gt  gt  gt  i   random randint 0  len myDictionary  - 1   gt  gt  gt  myDictionary list myDictionary  i    TEHRAN   gt  gt  gt  list myDictionary  i   IRAN

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With modern versions of Python since 3   the objects returned by methods dict keys    dict values   and dict items   are view objects   And hey can be iterated  so using directly random choice is not possible as now they are not a list or set  One option is to use list comprehension to do the job with random choice  import random  colors          purple     7A4198        turquoise    9ACBC9        orange     EF5C35        blue     19457D        green     5AF9B5        red      E04160        yellow     F9F985     color random choice  hex color for color value in colors values     print f The new color is   color     References    Python 3 8  Standard Library Documentation - Built-in types  Dictionary view objects Python 3 8   Data Structures - List Comprehensions

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I wrote this trying to solve the same problem   https   github com robtandy randomdict  It has O 1  random access to keys  values  and items

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b      video  0   music  23  picture  12    random choice tuple b items       music   23   random choice tuple b items       music   23   random choice tuple b items       picture   12   random choice tuple b items       video   0

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To select 50 random key values from a dictionary set dict data  sample   random sample set dict data keys     50

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One way would be   import random d     VENEZUELA   CARACAS    CANADA   OTTAWA   random choice list d values       EDIT   The question was changed a couple years after the original post  and now asks for a pair  rather than a single item   The final line should now be   country  capital   random choice list d items

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Since this is homework   Check out random sample   which will select and return a random element from an list  You can get a list of dictionary keys with dict keys   and a list of dictionary values with dict values

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Try this   import random a   dict         a is some dictionary random key   random sample a  1  0    This definitely works

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I am assuming that you are making a quiz kind of application  For this kind of application I have written a function which is as follows   def shuffle q       The input of the function will  be the dictionary of the question and answers  The output will be a random question with answer     selected keys      i   0 while i  lt  len q       current selection   random choice q keys        if current selection not in selected keys          selected keys append current selection          i   i 1         print current selection      str q current selection      If I will give the input of questions     VENEZUELA   CARACAS    CANADA   TORONTO   and call the function shuffle questions  Then the output will be as follows    VENEZUELA  CARACAS CANADA  TORONTO   You can extend this further more by shuffling the options also

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This works in Python 2 and Python 3   A random key   random choice list d keys       A random value  random choice list d values       A random key and value  random choice list d items

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Try this  using random choice from items   import random  a    str     sda     number    123  55    num   random choice list a items          str    sda   random choice list a items     1    getting a value     num

[python] How to get a random value from dictionary?

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