Selenium C WebDriver Wait until element is present

Question

I want to make sure that an element is present before the webdriver starts doing stuff  I m trying to get something like this to work  WebDriverWait wait   new WebDriverWait driver  new TimeSpan 0  0  5    wait Until By Id  quot login quot      I m mainly struggling how to setup up the anonymous function

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Explicit Wait   public static  WebDriverWait wait   new WebDriverWait driver  60     Example   wait until ExpectedConditions visibilityOfElementLocated UiprofileCre UiaddChangeUserLink

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The clickAndWait command doesn t get converted when you choose the Webdriver format in the Selenium IDE   Here is the workaround   Add the wait line below   Realistically  the problem was the click or event that happened before this one--line 1 in my C  code   But really  just make sure you have a WaitForElement before any action where you re referencing a  By  object   HTML code    lt a href  http   www google com  gt xxxxx lt  a gt    C  NUnit code   driver FindElement By LinkText  z    Click  driver WaitForElement By LinkText  xxxxx     driver FindElement By LinkText  xxxxx    Click

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new WebDriverWait driver  TimeSpan FromSeconds 10       Until ExpectedConditions PresenceOfAllElementsLocatedBy  By Id  toast-container

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Here is how to wait in Selenium for a condition      WebDriverWait wait   new WebDriverWait m driver  TimeSpan FromSeconds 10        wait Until d   gt  ReadCell row  col      quot  quot     ReadCell row  col      quot  quot  can be any condition  Like this way because   it s mine allows inlining

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Here s a variation of Loudenvier s solution that also works for getting multiple elements  public static class WebDriverExtensions       public static IWebElement FindElement this IWebDriver driver  By by  int timeoutInSeconds                if  timeoutInSeconds  gt  0                        var wait   new WebDriverWait driver  TimeSpan FromSeconds timeoutInSeconds                return wait Until drv   gt  drv FindElement by                      return driver FindElement by              public static ReadOnlyCollection lt IWebElement gt  FindElements this IWebDriver driver  By by  int timeoutInSeconds                if  timeoutInSeconds  gt  0                        var wait   new WebDriverWait driver  TimeSpan FromSeconds timeoutInSeconds                return wait Until drv   gt   drv FindElements by  Count  gt  0    drv FindElements by    null                     return driver FindElements by

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Alternatively you can use an implicit wait  driver Manage   Timeouts   ImplicitWait   TimeSpan FromSeconds 10     An implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available  The default setting is 0  Once set  the implicit wait is set for the life of the WebDriver object instance

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You can find out something like this in C   This is what I used in JUnit - Selenium WebDriverWait wait   new WebDriverWait driver  100   WebElement element   wait until ExpectedConditions elementToBeClickable By id  quot submit quot       Do import related packages

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Using the solution provided by Mike Kwan may have an impact in overall testing performance  since the implicit wait will be used in all FindElement calls  Many times you ll want the FindElement to fail right away when an element is not present  you re testing for a malformed page  missing elements  etc    With the implicit wait these operations would wait for the whole timeout to expire before throwing the exception  The default implicit wait is set to 0 seconds  I ve written a little extension method to IWebDriver that adds a timeout  in seconds  parameter to the FindElement   method  It s quite self-explanatory  public static class WebDriverExtensions       public static IWebElement FindElement this IWebDriver driver  By by  int timeoutInSeconds                if  timeoutInSeconds  gt  0                        var wait   new WebDriverWait driver  TimeSpan FromSeconds timeoutInSeconds                return wait Until drv   gt  drv FindElement by                      return driver FindElement by            I didn t cache the WebDriverWait object as its creation is very cheap  this extension may be used simultaneously for different WebDriver objects  and I only do optimizations when ultimately needed  Usage is straightforward  var driver   new FirefoxDriver    driver Navigate   GoToUrl  quot http   localhost mypage quot    var btn   driver FindElement By CssSelector  quot  login button quot     btn Click    var employeeLabel   driver FindElement By CssSelector  quot  VCC VSL quot    10   Assert AreEqual  quot Employee quot   employeeLabel Text   driver Close

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Used Rn222 s answer and aknuds1 s answer to use an ISearchContext that returns either a single element  or a list  And a minimum number of elements can be specified  public static class SearchContextExtensions            lt summary gt              Method that finds an element based on the search parameters within a specified timeout           lt  summary gt           lt param name  quot context quot  gt The context where this is searched  Required for extension methods lt  param gt           lt param name  quot by quot  gt The search parameters that are used to identify the element lt  param gt           lt param name  quot timeOutInSeconds quot  gt The time that the tool should wait before throwing an exception lt  param gt           lt returns gt  The first element found that matches the condition specified lt  returns gt      public static IWebElement FindElement this ISearchContext context  By by  uint timeOutInSeconds                if  timeOutInSeconds  gt  0                        var wait   new DefaultWait lt ISearchContext gt  context               wait Timeout   TimeSpan FromSeconds timeOutInSeconds               return wait Until lt IWebElement gt  ctx   gt  ctx FindElement by                      return context FindElement by                  lt summary gt              Method that finds a list of elements based on the search parameters within a specified timeout           lt  summary gt           lt param name  quot context quot  gt The context where this is searched  Required for extension methods lt  param gt           lt param name  quot by quot  gt The search parameters that are used to identify the element lt  param gt           lt param name  quot timeoutInSeconds quot  gt The time that the tool should wait before throwing an exception lt  param gt           lt returns gt A list of all the web elements that match the condition specified lt  returns gt      public static IReadOnlyCollection lt IWebElement gt  FindElements this ISearchContext context  By by  uint timeoutInSeconds                 if  timeoutInSeconds  gt  0                        var wait   new DefaultWait lt ISearchContext gt  context               wait Timeout   TimeSpan FromSeconds timeoutInSeconds               return wait Until lt IReadOnlyCollection lt IWebElement gt  gt  ctx   gt  ctx FindElements by                      return context FindElements by                  lt summary gt              Method that finds a list of elements with the minimum amount specified based on the search parameters within a specified timeout  lt br  gt           lt  summary gt           lt param name  quot context quot  gt The context where this is searched  Required for extension methods lt  param gt           lt param name  quot by quot  gt The search parameters that are used to identify the element lt  param gt           lt param name  quot timeoutInSeconds quot  gt The time that the tool should wait before throwing an exception lt  param gt           lt param name  quot minNumberOfElements quot  gt              The minimum number of elements that should meet the criteria before returning the list  lt para  gt              If this number is not met  an exception will be thrown and no elements will be returned             even if some did meet the criteria          lt  param gt           lt returns gt A list of all the web elements that match the condition specified lt  returns gt      public static IReadOnlyCollection lt IWebElement gt  FindElements this ISearchContext context  By by  uint timeoutInSeconds  int minNumberOfElements                var wait   new DefaultWait lt ISearchContext gt  context           if  timeoutInSeconds  gt  0                        wait Timeout   TimeSpan FromSeconds timeoutInSeconds                         Wait until the current context found the minimum number of elements  If not found after timeout  an exception is thrown         wait Until lt bool gt  ctx   gt  ctx FindElements by  Count  gt   minNumberOfElements               If the elements were successfuly found  just return the list         return context FindElements by             Example usage  var driver   new FirefoxDriver    driver Navigate   GoToUrl  quot http   localhost quot    var main   driver FindElement By Id  quot main quot        It can be now used to wait when using elements to search var btn   main FindElement By Id  quot button quot    10   btn Click       This will wait up to 10 seconds until a button is found var button   driver FindElement By TagName  quot button quot    10     This will wait up to 10 seconds until a button is found  and return all the buttons found var buttonList   driver FindElements By TagName  quot button quot    10     This will wait for 10 seconds until we find at least 5 buttons var buttonsMin   driver FindElements By TagName  quot button quot    10  5   driver Close

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You do not want to wait too long before the element changes  In this code the webdriver waits for up to 2 seconds before it continues     WebDriverWait wait   new WebDriverWait driver  TimeSpan FromMilliseconds 2000    wait Until ExpectedConditions VisibilityOfAllElementsLocatedBy By Name  html-name

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The first answer is good  but my problem was that unhandled exceptions didn t close web driver properly  and it kept the same first value I had used which was 1 second  If you get the same problem  restart your Visual  Studio and ensure that all the exceptions are handled properly

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Since I m separating page elements definitions and page test scenarios using an already-found IWebElement for visibility  it could be done like this  public static void WaitForElementToBecomeVisibleWithinTimeout IWebDriver driver  IWebElement element  int timeout        new WebDriverWait driver  TimeSpan FromSeconds timeout   Until ElementIsVisible element       private static Func lt IWebDriver  bool gt  ElementIsVisible IWebElement element        return driver   gt            try                       return element Displayed                    catch Exception                           If element is null  stale or if it cannot be located             return false

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Inspired by Loudenvier s solution  here s an extension method that works for all ISearchContext objects  not just IWebDriver  which is a specialization of the former  This method also supports waiting until the element is displayed  static class WebDriverExtensions            lt summary gt          Find an element  waiting until a timeout is reached if necessary           lt  summary gt           lt param name  quot context quot  gt The search context  lt  param gt           lt param name  quot by quot  gt Method to find elements  lt  param gt           lt param name  quot timeout quot  gt How many seconds to wait  lt  param gt           lt param name  quot displayed quot  gt Require the element to be displayed  lt  param gt           lt returns gt The found element  lt  returns gt      public static IWebElement FindElement this ISearchContext context  By by  uint timeout  bool displayed false                var wait   new DefaultWait lt ISearchContext gt  context           wait Timeout   TimeSpan FromSeconds timeout           wait IgnoreExceptionTypes typeof NoSuchElementException            return wait Until ctx   gt                var elem   ctx FindElement by               if  displayed  amp  amp   elem Displayed                  return null               return elem                       Example usage  var driver   new FirefoxDriver    driver Navigate   GoToUrl  quot http   localhost quot    var main   driver FindElement By Id  quot main quot     var btn   main FindElement By Id  quot button quot     btn Click    var dialog   main FindElement By Id  quot dialog quot    5  displayed  true   Assert AreEqual  quot My Dialog quot   dialog Text   driver Close

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This is the reusable function to wait for an element present in the DOM using an explicit wait  public void WaitForElement IWebElement element  int timeout   2        WebDriverWait wait   new WebDriverWait webDriver  TimeSpan FromMinutes timeout        wait IgnoreExceptionTypes typeof NoSuchElementException        wait IgnoreExceptionTypes typeof StaleElementReferenceException        wait Until lt bool gt  driver   gt                try                       return element Displayed                    catch  Exception                        return false

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Python  from selenium import webdriver from selenium webdriver support import expected conditions as EC from selenium webdriver support ui import WebDriverWait from selenium webdriver common by import By  driver find element by id  someId   click    WebDriverWait driver  timeout  until EC presence of element located  By ID   someAnotherId     From EC  import of expected conditions   you can choose other conditions as well  Try this  Expected conditions Support

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public bool doesWebElementExist string linkexist         try                driver FindElement By XPath linkexist            return true              catch  NoSuchElementException e                 return false

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You can use the following  WebDriverWait wait   new WebDriverWait driver  new TimeSpan 0 0 5    wait Until ExpectedConditions ElementToBeClickable  By Id  login

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Try this code     New WebDriverWait driver  TimeSpan FromSeconds 10   Until Function d  d FindElement By Id  controlName    Displayed

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Wait up to 5 seconds with no minimum for a UI element to be found WebDriverWait wait   new WebDriverWait  pagedriver  TimeSpan FromSeconds 5    IWebElement title   wait Until lt IWebElement gt   d    gt        return d FindElement By ClassName  quot MainContentHeader quot

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You can also use   ExpectedConditions ElementExists  So you will search for an element availability like that  new WebDriverWait driver  TimeSpan FromSeconds timeOut   Until ExpectedConditions ElementExists  By Id login        Source

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WebDriverWait won t take effect  var driver   new FirefoxDriver      new FirefoxOptions   PageLoadStrategy   PageLoadStrategy Eager    driver Navigate   GoToUrl  quot xxx quot    new WebDriverWait driver  TimeSpan FromSeconds 60        Until d   gt  d FindElement By Id  quot xxx quot         A tag that close to the end  This would immediately throw an exception once the page was  quot interactive quot   I don t know why  but the timeout acts as if it does not exist  Perhaps SeleniumExtras WaitHelpers works  but I didn t try  It s official  but it was split out into another NuGet package  You can refer to C  Selenium   39 ExpectedConditions is obsolete  39   I use FindElements and check Count    0  If true  use await Task Delay  It s really not quite efficient

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We can achieve that like this    public static IWebElement WaitForObject IWebDriver DriverObj  By by  int TimeOut   30        try               WebDriverWait Wait1   new WebDriverWait DriverObj  TimeSpan FromSeconds TimeOut            var WaitS   Wait1 Until SeleniumExtras WaitHelpers ExpectedConditions PresenceOfAllElementsLocatedBy by            return WaitS 0             catch  NoSuchElementException                Reports TestStep  Wait for Element s  with xPath was failed in current context page             throw

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I see multiple solutions already posted that work great   However  just in case anyone needs something else  I thought I would post two solutions that I personally used in Selenium C  to test if an element is present  public static class IsPresent       public static bool isPresent this IWebDriver driver  By bylocator                 bool variable   false          try                       IWebElement element   driver FindElement bylocator               variable   element    null                    catch  NoSuchElementException                      return variable           Here is the second  public static class IsPresent2       public static bool isPresent2 this IWebDriver driver  By bylocator                bool variable   true          try                       IWebElement element   driver FindElement bylocator                     catch  NoSuchElementException                        variable   false                    return variable

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I confused an anonymous function with a predicate  Here s a little helper method     WebDriverWait wait      private void waitForById string id                if  wait    null              wait   new WebDriverWait driver  new TimeSpan 0  0  5               wait Until driver           wait Until d   gt  d FindElement By Id id

[c#] Selenium C# WebDriver: Wait until element is present

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