How to print Unicode character in C

Question

I am trying to print a Russian      U 0444 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF  character  which is given a code of decimal 1092  Using C    how can I print out this character  I would have thought something along the lines of the following would work  yet     int main        wchar t f    1060      cout  lt  lt  f  lt  lt  endl

User · Answer

In Linux  I can just do   std  cout  lt  lt         I just copy-pasted characters from here and it didn t fail for at least the random sample that I tried on

User · Answer

If you use Windows  note  we are using printf    not cout      Save As UTF8 without signature  include  lt stdio h gt   include lt windows h gt  int main         SetConsoleOutputCP 65001        printf    n        Not Unicode but working - 1251 instead of UTF8     Save As Windows 1251  include  lt iostream gt   include lt windows h gt  using namespace std  int main         SetConsoleOutputCP 1251        cout  lt  lt       lt  lt  endl

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I needed to show the string in UI as well as save that to an xml configuration file  The above specified format is good for string in c    I would add we can have the xml compatible string for the special character by replacing   u  by   amp  x  and adding a     at the end   For example   C       u0444   --  XML     amp  x0444

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Another solution in Linux   string a        cout  lt  lt        xd0 xa4      lt  lt  hex       lt  lt  int static cast lt unsigned char gt  a 0          lt  lt  int static cast lt unsigned char gt  a 1     lt  lt        lt  lt  a length    lt  lt   B    lt  lt  endl   string b    v   cout  lt  lt   v    xe2 x88 x9a      lt  lt  hex       lt  lt  int static cast lt unsigned char gt  b 0          lt  lt  int static cast lt unsigned char gt  b 1          lt  lt  int static cast lt unsigned char gt  b 2     lt  lt        lt  lt  b length    lt  lt   B    lt  lt  endl

User · Answer

To represent the character you can use Universal Character Names  UCNs   The character     has the Unicode value U 0444 and so in C   you could write it   u0444  or   U00000444   Also if the source code encoding supports this character then you can just write it literally in your source code      both of these assume that the character can be represented with    a single char in the execution encoding char b     u0444   char a           this line additionally assumes that the source character encoding supports this character   Printing such characters out depends on what you re printing to  If you re printing to a Unix terminal emulator  the terminal emulator is using an encoding that supports this character  and that encoding matches the compiler s execution encoding  then you can do the following    include  lt iostream gt   int main         std  cout  lt  lt   Hello    or  u0444  n       This program does not require that     can be represented in a single char  On OS X and most any modern Linux install this will work just fine  because the source  execution  and console encodings will all be UTF-8  which supports all Unicode characters    Things are harder with Windows and there are different possibilities with different tradeoffs   Probably the best  if you don t need portable code  you ll be using wchar t  which should really be avoided on every other platform   is to set the mode of the output file handle to take only UTF-16 data    include  lt iostream gt   include  lt io h gt   include  lt fcntl h gt   int main          setmode  fileno stdout    O U16TEXT       std  wcout  lt  lt  L Hello   u0444  n       Portable code is more difficult

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Ultimately  this is completely platform-dependent  Unicode-support is  unfortunately  very poor in Standard C    For GCC  you will have to make it a narrow string  as they use UTF-8  and Windows wants a wide string  and you must output to wcout      GCC std  cout  lt  lt          Windoze wcout  lt  lt  L

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This code works in Linux  C  11  geany  g   7 4 0     include  lt iostream gt   using namespace std    int utf8 to unicode string utf8 code   string unicode to utf8 int unicode     int main         cout  lt  lt  unicode to utf8 36   lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  unicode to utf8 162   lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  unicode to utf8 8364   lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  unicode to utf8 128578   lt  lt  endl       cout  lt  lt  unicode to utf8 0x24   lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  unicode to utf8 0xa2   lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  unicode to utf8 0x20ac   lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  unicode to utf8 0x1f642   lt  lt  endl       cout  lt  lt  utf8 to unicode       lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  utf8 to unicode        lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  utf8 to unicode         lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  utf8 to unicode      lt  lt  endl       cout  lt  lt  utf8 to unicode   x24    lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  utf8 to unicode   xc2 xa2    lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  utf8 to unicode   xe2 x82 xac    lt  lt    t       cout  lt  lt  utf8 to unicode   xf0 x9f x99 x82    lt  lt  endl       return 0      int utf8 to unicode string utf8 code        unsigned utf8 size   utf8 code length        int unicode   0       for  unsigned p 0  p lt utf8 size    p                int bit count    p  6  8 - utf8 size -  utf8 size    1  0  1                shift    p  lt  utf8 size - 1   6  utf8 size - p - 1    0            for  int k 0  k lt bit count    k              unicode      utf8 code p   amp   1  lt  lt  k    lt  lt  shift              return unicode      string unicode to utf8 int unicode        string s       if  unicode gt  0 and unicode  lt   0x7f      7F 16    127 10                s   static cast lt char gt  unicode            return s            else if  unicode  lt   0x7ff      7FF 16    2047 10                unsigned char c1   192  c2   128           for  int k 0  k lt 11    k                        if  k  lt  6   c2     unicode   64   amp   1  lt  lt  k               else c1     unicode  gt  gt  6   amp   1  lt  lt   k - 6                       s   c1     s    c2           return s            else if  unicode  lt   0xffff      FFFF 16    65535 10                unsigned char c1   224  c2   128  c3   128           for  int k 0  k lt 16    k                        if  k  lt  6   c3     unicode   64   amp   1  lt  lt  k               else if  k  lt  12  c2     unicode  gt  gt  6   amp   1  lt  lt   k - 6                else c1     unicode  gt  gt  12   amp   1  lt  lt   k - 12                       s   c1     s    c2     s    c3           return s            else if  unicode  lt   0x1fffff      1FFFFF 16    2097151 10                unsigned char c1   240  c2   128  c3   128  c4   128           for  int k 0  k lt 21    k                        if  k  lt  6   c4     unicode   64   amp   1  lt  lt  k               else if  k  lt  12  c3     unicode  gt  gt  6   amp   1  lt  lt   k - 6                else if  k  lt  18  c2     unicode  gt  gt  12   amp   1  lt  lt   k - 12                else c1     unicode  gt  gt  18   amp   1  lt  lt   k - 18                       s   c1     s    c2     s    c3     s    c4           return s            else if  unicode  lt   0x3ffffff      3FFFFFF 16    67108863 10                      actually  there are no 5-bytes unicodes           else if  unicode  lt   0x7fffffff      7FFFFFFF 16    2147483647 10                      actually  there are no 6-bytes unicodes           else        incorrect unicode   lt  0 or  gt  2147483647       return         More    https   sites google com view technik-informatyk-nysa porady porady-c-cpp h p lz0skneGFILy https   en wikipedia org wiki UTF-8

User · Answer

1060  is four characters  and won t compile under the standard  You should just treat the character as a number  if your wide characters match 1 1 with Unicode  check your locale settings    int main         wchar t f   1060      wcout  lt  lt  f  lt  lt  endl

User · Answer

When compiling with -std c  11  one can simply    const char  s    u8  u0444     cout  lt  lt  s  lt  lt  endl

User · Answer

Special thanks to the answer here for more-or-less the same question  For me  all I needed was setlocale LC ALL   quot en US UTF-8 quot    Then  I could use even raw wchar t characters

[c++] How to print Unicode character in C++?

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