How do I append text to a file

Question

What is the easiest way to append text to a file in Linux   I had a look at this question  but the accepted answer uses an additional program  sed  I m sure there should be an easier way with echo or similar

User · Answer

Other possible way is   echo  text    tee -a filename  gt  dev null   The -a will append at the end of the file   If needing sudo  use   echo  text    sudo tee -a filename  gt  dev null

User · Answer

Follow up to accepted answer   You need something other than CTRL-D to designate the end if using this in a script  Try this instead   cat  lt  lt  EOF  gt  gt  filename This is text entered via the keyboard or via a script  EOF   This will append text to the stated file  not including  EOF      It utilizes a here document  or heredoc    However if you need sudo to append to the stated file  you will run into trouble utilizing a heredoc due to I O redirection if you re typing directly on the command line    This variation will work when you are typing directly on the command line    sudo sh -c  cat  lt  lt  EOF  gt  gt  filename This is text entered via the keyboard  EOF    Or you can use tee instead to avoid the command line sudo issue seen when using the heredoc with cat    tee -a filename  lt  lt  EOF This is text entered via the keyboard or via a script  EOF

User · Answer

cat  gt  gt  filename This is text  perhaps pasted in from some other source  Or else entered at the keyboard  doesn t matter    D   Essentially  you can dump any text you want into the file  CTRL-D sends an end-of-file signal  which terminates input and returns you to the shell

User · Answer

How about   echo  hello   gt  gt   lt filename gt    Using the  gt  gt  operator will append data at the end of the file  while using the  gt  will overwrite the contents of the file if already existing   You could also use printf in the same way   printf  hello   gt  gt   lt filename gt    Note that it can be dangerous to use the above  For instance if you already have a file and you need to append data to the end of the file and you forget to add the last  gt  all data in the file will be destroyed  You can change this behavior by setting the noclobber variable in your  bashrc   set -o noclobber   Now when you try to do echo  hello   gt  file txt you will get a warning saying cannot overwrite existing file   To force writing to the file you must now use the special syntax   echo  hello   gt    lt filename gt    You should also know that by default echo adds a trailing new-line character which can be suppressed by using the -n flag   echo -n  hello   gt  gt   lt filename gt    References   echo 1  - Linux man page noclobber variable I O Redirection

[linux] How do I append text to a file?

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