It depends on the specific use case.
If your table is static and only has a short list of values (and there is just a small chance that this would change during a lifetime of DB), I would recommend this construction:
CREATE TABLE Foo
(
FooCode VARCHAR(16), -- short code or shortcut, but with some meaning.
Name NVARCHAR(128), -- full name of entity, can be used as fallback in case when your localization for some language doesn't exist
LocalizationCode AS ('Foo.' + FooCode) -- This could be a code for your localization table...
)
Of course, when your table is not static at all, using INT as primary key is the best solution.