see the Matlab GEOMETRY toolbox in the following website: http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/m_src/geometry/geometry.html
ctrl+f and type "segment" to find line segment related functions. the functions "segment_point_dist_2d.m" and "segment_point_dist_3d.m" are what you need.
The GEOMETRY codes are available in a C version and a C++ version and a FORTRAN77 version and a FORTRAN90 version and a MATLAB version.