Create a pointer to two-dimensional array

Question

I need a pointer to a static 2-dimensional array  How is this done   static uint8 t l matrix 10  20    void test       uint8 t   matrix ptr   l matrix    wrong idea      I get all kinds of errors like    warning  assignment from incompatible pointer type subscripted value is neither array nor pointer error  invalid use of flexible array member

User · Answer

The basic syntax of initializing pointer that points to multidimentional array is

type (*pointer)[1st dimension size][2nd dimension size][..] = &array_name

The the basic syntax for calling it is

(*pointer_name)[1st index][2nd index][...]

Here is a example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
   // The multidimentional array...
   char balance[5][100] = {
       "Subham",
       "Messi"
   };

   char (*p)[5][100] = &balance; // Pointer initialization...

   printf("%s\n",(*p)[0]); // Calling...
   printf("%s\n",(*p)[1]); // Calling...

  return 0;
}

Output is:

Subham
Messi

It worked...

User · Answer

You want a pointer to the first element  so   static uint8 t l matrix 10  20    void test       uint8 t  matrix ptr   l matrix 0     wrong idea

User · Answer

In C99  supported by clang and gcc  there s an obscure syntax for passing multi-dimensional arrays to functions by reference   int l matrix 10  20    void test int matrix ptr static 10  20        int main void        test l matrix       Unlike a plain pointer  this hints about array size  theoretically allowing compiler to warn about passing too-small array and spot obvious out of bounds access   Sadly  it doesn t fix sizeof   and compilers don t seem to use that information yet  so it remains a curiosity

User · Answer

To fully understand this  you must grasp the following concepts   Arrays are not pointers   First of all  And it s been preached enough   arrays are not pointers  Instead  in most uses  they  decay  to the address to their first element  which can be assigned to a pointer   int a      1  2  3    int  p   a     p now points to a 0    I assume it works this way so that the array s contents can be accessed without copying all of them  That s just a behavior of array types and is not meant to imply that they are same thing       Multidimensional arrays  Multidimensional arrays are just a way to  partition  memory in a way that the compiler machine can understand and operate on   For instance  int a 4  3  5    an array containing 4 3 5  60   chunks  of integer-sized memory   The advantage over using int a 4  3  5  vs plain int b 60  is that they re now  partitioned   Easier to work with their  chunks   if needed   and the program can now perform bound checking   In fact  int a 4  3  5  is stored exactly like int b 60  in memory - The only difference is that the program now manages it as if they re separate entities of certain sizes  Specifically  four groups of three groups of five    Keep in mind  Both int a 4  3  5  and int b 60  are the same in memory  and the only difference is how they re handled by the application compiler       1  2  3  4  5     6  7  8  9  10     11  12  13  14  15         16  17  18  19  20     21  22  23  24  25     26  27  28  29  30         31  32  33  34  35     36  37  38  39  40     41  42  43  44  45         46  47  48  49  50     51  52  53  54  55     56  57  58  59  60      From this  you can clearly see that each  partition  is just an array that the program keeps track of       Syntax  Now  arrays are syntactically different from pointers  Specifically  this means the compiler machine will treat them differently  This may seem like a no brainer  but take a look at this   int a 3  3    printf   p  p   a  a 0      The above example prints the same memory address twice  like this   0x7eb5a3b4 0x7eb5a3b4   However  only one can be assigned to a pointer so directly   int  p1   a 0      RIGHT    int  p2   a     WRONG     Why can t a be assigned to a pointer but a 0  can   This  simply  is a consequence of multidimensional arrays  and I ll explain why   At the level of  a   we still see that we have another  dimension  to look forward to  At the level of  a 0    however  we re already in the top dimension  so as far as the program is concerned we re just looking at a normal array   You may be asking   Why does it matter if the array is multidimensional in regards to making a pointer for it   It s best to think this way   A  decay  from a multidimensional array is not just an address  but an address with partition data  AKA it still understands that its underlying data is made of other arrays   which consists of boundaries set by the array beyond the first dimension   This  partition  logic cannot exist within a pointer unless we specify it   int a 4  5  95  8    int   p  5  95  8    p   a     p    a 0     p   a 0   Otherwise  the meaning of the array s sorting properties are lost   Also note the use of parenthesis around  p  int   p  5  95  8  - That s to specify that we re making a pointer with these bounds  not an array of pointers with these bounds  int  p 5  95  8       Conclusion  Let s review    Arrays decay to addresses if they have no other purpose in the used context Multidimensional arrays are just arrays of arrays - Hence  the  decayed  address will carry the burden of  I have sub dimensions  Dimension data cannot exist in a pointer unless you give it to it    In brief  multidimensional arrays decay to addresses that carry the ability to understand their contents

User · Answer

You could also add an offset if you want to use negative indexes   uint8 t l matrix 10  20   uint8 t   matrix ptr  20    l matrix 5  matrix ptr -4  1  7    If your compiler gives an error or warning you could use   uint8 t   matrix ptr  20     uint8 t     20   l matrix

User · Answer

G day   The declaration  static uint8 t l matrix 10  20     has set aside storage for 10 rows of 20 unit8 t locations  i e  200 uint8 t sized locations  with each element being found by calculating 20 x row   column   So doesn t  uint8 t   matrix ptr  20    l matrix    give you what you need and point to the column zero element of the first row of the array   Edit  Thinking about this a bit further  isn t an array name  by definition  a pointer   That is  the name of an array is a synonym for the location of the first element  i e  l matrix 0  0    Edit2  As mentioned by others  the comment space is a bit too small for further discussion  Anyway   typedef uint8 t array of 20 uint8 t 20   array of 20 uint8 t  matrix ptr   l matrix    does not provide any allocation of storage for the array in question   As mentioned above  and as defined by the standard  the statement   static uint8 t l matrix 10  20     has set aside 200 sequential locations of type uint8 t   Referring to l matrix using statements of the form     l matrix    20   rowno    colno    will give you the contents of the colno th element found in row rowno      All pointer manipulations automatically take into account the size of the object pointed to  - K amp R Section 5 4  p 103   This is also the case if any padding or byte alignment shifting is involved in the storage of the object at hand  The compiler will automatically adjust for these  By definition of the C ANSI standard   HTH  cheers

User · Answer

You can always avoid fiddling around with the compiler by declaring the array as linear and doing the  row col  to array index calculation by yourself   static uint8 t l matrix 200    void test int row  int col  uint8 t val         uint8 t  matrix ptr   l matrix     matrix ptr  col y row    val     to assign a value      this is what the compiler would have done anyway

User · Answer

In  int  ptr  l matrix 0     you can access like    p   p 1    p 2    after all 2 dimensional arrays are also stored as 1-d

User · Answer

You can do it like this   uint8 t   matrix ptr  10  20     amp l matrix

User · Answer

Here you wanna make a pointer to the first element of the array  uint8 t   matrix ptr  20    l matrix    With typedef  this looks cleaner  typedef uint8 t array of 20 uint8 t 20   array of 20 uint8 t  matrix ptr   l matrix    Then you can enjoy life again     matrix ptr 0  1           Beware of the pointer array world in C  much confusion is around this     Edit  Reviewing some of the other answers here  because the comment fields are too short to do there  Multiple alternatives were proposed  but it wasn t shown how they behave  Here is how they do  uint8 t   matrix ptr    20    l matrix    If you fix the error and add the address-of operator  amp  like in the following snippet  uint8 t   matrix ptr    20     amp l matrix    Then that one creates a pointer to an incomplete array type of elements of type array of 20 uint8 t  Because the pointer is to an array of arrays  you have to access it with    matrix ptr  0  1           And because it s a pointer to an incomplete array  you cannot do as a shortcut  matrix ptr 0  0  1           Because indexing requires the element type s size to be known  indexing implies an addition of an integer to the pointer  so it won t work with incomplete types   Note that this only works in C  because T   and T N  are compatible types  C   does not have a concept of compatible types  and so it will reject that code  because T   and T 10  are different types      The following alternative doesn t work at all  because the element type of the array  when you view it as a one-dimensional array  is not uint8 t  but uint8 t 20   uint8 t  matrix ptr   l matrix     fail     The following is a good alternative  uint8 t   matrix ptr  10  20     amp l matrix    You access it with     matrix ptr  0  1         matrix ptr 0  0  1            also possible now   It has the benefit that it preserves the outer dimension s size  So you can apply sizeof on it  sizeof   matrix ptr     sizeof uint8 t    10   20     There is one other answer that makes use of the fact that items in an array are contiguously stored  uint8 t  matrix ptr   l matrix 0     Now  that formally only allows you to access the elements of the first element of the two dimensional array  That is  the following condition hold  matrix ptr 0            valid matrix ptr 19            valid  matrix ptr 20            undefined behavior matrix ptr 10 20-1            undefined behavior   You will notice it probably works up to 10 20-1  but if you throw on alias analysis and other aggressive optimizations  some compiler could make an assumption that may break that code  Having said that  i ve never encountered a compiler that fails on it  but then again  i ve not used that technique in real code   and even the C FAQ has that technique contained  with a warning about its UB ness   and if you cannot change the array type  this is a last option to save you

[c] Create a pointer to two-dimensional array

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