[python] What is the most compatible way to install python modules on a Mac?

I'm starting to learn python and loving it. I work on a Mac mainly as well as Linux. I'm finding that on Linux (Ubuntu 9.04 mostly) when I install a python module using apt-get it works fine. I can import it with no trouble.

On the Mac, I'm used to using Macports to install all the Unixy stuff. However, I'm finding that most of the python modules I install with it are not being seen by python. I've spent some time playing around with PATH settings and using python_select . Nothing has really worked and at this point I'm not really understanding, instead I'm just poking around.

I get the impression that Macports isn't universally loved for managing python modules. I'd like to start fresh using a more "accepted" (if that's the right word) approach.

So, I was wondering, what is the method that Mac python developers use to manage their modules?

Bonus questions:

Do you use Apple's python, or some other version? Do you compile everything from source or is there a package manger that works well (Fink?).

This question is related to python macos module packages macports

The answer is


There's nothing wrong with using a MacPorts Python installation. If you are installing python modules from MacPorts but then not seeing them, that likely means you are not invoking the MacPorts python you installed to. In a terminal shell, you can use absolute paths to invoke the various Pythons that may be installed. For example:

$ /usr/bin/python2.5         # Apple-supplied 2.5 (Leopard)
$ /opt/local/bin/python2.5   # MacPorts 2.5
$ /opt/local/bin/python2.6   # MacPorts 2.6
$ /usr/local/bin/python2.6   # python.org (MacPython) 2.6
$ /usr/local/bin/python3.1   # python.org (MacPython) 3.1

To get the right python by default requires ensuring your shell $PATH is set properly to ensure that the right executable is found first. Another solution is to define shell aliases to the various pythons.

A python.org (MacPython) installation is fine, too, as others have suggested. easy_install can help but, again, because each Python instance may have its own easy_install command, make sure you are invoking the right easy_install.


You may already have pip3 pre-installed, so just try it!


Please see Python OS X development environment. The best way is to use MacPorts. Download and install MacPorts, then install Python via MacPorts by typing the following commands in the Terminal:

sudo port install python26 python_select
sudo port select --set python python26

OR

sudo port install python30 python_select
sudo port select --set python python30

Use the first set of commands to install Python 2.6 and the second set to install Python 3.0. Then use:

sudo port install py26-packagename

OR

sudo port install py30-packagename

In the above commands, replace packagename with the name of the package, for example:

sudo port install py26-setuptools

These commands will automatically install the package (and its dependencies) for the given Python version.

For a full list of available packages for Python, type:

port list | grep py26-

OR

port list | grep py30-

Which command you use depends on which version of Python you chose to install.


When you install modules with MacPorts, it does not go into Apple's version of Python. Instead those modules are installed onto the MacPorts version of Python selected.

You can change which version of Python is used by default using a mac port called python_select. instructions here.

Also, there's easy_install. Which will use python to install python modules.


I use easy_install with Apple's Python, and it works like a charm.


If you use Python from MacPorts, it has it's own easy_install located at: /opt/local/bin/easy_install-2.6 (for py26, that is). It's not the same one as simply calling easy_install directly, even if you used python_select to change your default python command.


I use MacPorts to install Python and any third-party modules tracked by MacPorts into /opt/local, and I install any manually installed modules (those not in the MacPorts repository) into /usr/local, and this has never caused any problems. I think you may be confused as to the use of certain MacPorts scripts and environment variables.

MacPorts python_select is used to select the "current" version of Python, but it has nothing to do with modules. This allows you to, e.g., install both Python 2.5 and Python 2.6 using MacPorts, and switch between installs.

The $PATH environment variables does not affect what Python modules are loaded. $PYTHONPATH is what you are looking for. $PYTHONPATH should point to directories containing Python modules you want to load. In my case, my $PYTHONPATH variable contains /usr/local/lib/python26/site-packages. If you use MacPorts' Python, it sets up the other proper directories for you, so you only need to add additional paths to $PYTHONPATH. But again, $PATH isn't used at all when Python searches for modules you have installed.

$PATH is used to find executables, so if you install MacPorts' Python, make sure /opt/local/bin is in your $PATH.


Have you looked into easy_install at all? It won't synchronize your macports or anything like that, but it will automatically download the latest package and all necessary dependencies, i.e.

easy_install nose

for the nose unit testing package, or

easy_install trac

for the trac bug tracker.

There's a bit more information on their EasyInstall page too.


Your question is already three years old and there are some details not covered in other answers:

Most people I know use HomeBrew or MacPorts, I prefer MacPorts because of its clean cut of what is a default Mac OS X environment and my development setup. Just move out your /opt folder and test your packages with a normal user Python environment

MacPorts is only portable within Mac, but with easy_install or pip you will learn how to setup your environment in any platform (Win/Mac/Linux/Bsd...). Furthermore it will always be more up to date and with more packages

I personally let MacPorts handle my Python modules to keep everything updated. Like any other high level package manager (ie: apt-get) it is much better for the heavy lifting of modules with lots of binary dependencies. There is no way I would build my Qt bindings (PySide) with easy_install or pip. Qt is huge and takes a lot to compile. As soon as you want a Python package that needs a library used by non Python programs, try to avoid easy_install or pip

At some point you will find that there are some packages missing within MacPorts. I do not believe that MacPorts will ever give you the whole CheeseShop. For example, recently I needed the Elixir module, but MacPorts only offers py25-elixir and py26-elixir, no py27 version. In cases like these you have:

pip-2.7 install --user elixir

( make sure you always type pip-(version) )

That will build an extra Python library in your home dir. Yes, Python will work with more than one library location: one controlled by MacPorts and a user local one for everything missing within MacPorts.

Now notice that I favor pip over easy_install. There is a good reason you should avoid setuptools and easy_install. Here is a good explanation and I try to keep away from them. One very useful feature of pip is giving you a list of all the modules (along their versions) that you installed with MacPorts, easy_install and pip itself:

pip-2.7 freeze

If you already started using easy_install, don't worry, pip can recognize everything done already by easy_install and even upgrade the packages installed with it.

If you are a developer keep an eye on virtualenv for controlling different setups and combinations of module versions. Other answers mention it already, what is not mentioned so far is the Tox module, a tool for testing that your package installs correctly with different Python versions.

Although I usually do not have version conflicts, I like to have virtualenv to set up a clean environment and get a clear view of my packages dependencies. That way I never forget any dependencies in my setup.py

If you go for MacPorts be aware that multiple versions of the same package are not selected anymore like the old Debian style with an extra python_select package (it is still there for compatibility). Now you have the select command to choose which Python version will be used (you can even select the Apple installed ones):

$  port select python
Available versions for python:
    none
    python25-apple
    python26-apple
    python27 (active)
    python27-apple
    python32

$ port select python python32

Add tox on top of it and your programs should be really portable


Regarding which python version to use, Mac OS usually ships an old version of python. It's a good idea to upgrade to a newer version. You can download a .dmg from http://www.python.org/download/ . If you do that, remember to update the path. You can find the exact commands here http://farmdev.com/thoughts/66/python-3-0-on-mac-os-x-alongside-2-6-2-5-etc-/


Directly install one of the fink packages (Django 1.6 as of 2013-Nov)

fink install django-py27
fink install django-py33

Or create yourself a virtualenv:

fink install virtualenv-py27
virtualenv django-env
source django-env/bin/activate
pip install django
deactivate # when you are done

Or use fink django plus any other pip installed packages in a virtualenv

fink install django-py27
fink install virtualenv-py27
virtualenv django-env --system-site-packages
source django-env/bin/activate
# django already installed
pip install django-analytical # or anything else you might want
deactivate # back to your normally scheduled programming

For MacPython installations, I found an effective solution to fixing the problem with setuptools (easy_install) in this blog post:

http://droidism.com/getting-running-with-django-and-macpython-26-on-leopard

One handy tip includes finding out which version of python is active in the terminal:

which python

Examples related to python

programming a servo thru a barometer Is there a way to view two blocks of code from the same file simultaneously in Sublime Text? python variable NameError Why my regexp for hyphenated words doesn't work? Comparing a variable with a string python not working when redirecting from bash script is it possible to add colors to python output? Get Public URL for File - Google Cloud Storage - App Engine (Python) Real time face detection OpenCV, Python xlrd.biffh.XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported Could not load dynamic library 'cudart64_101.dll' on tensorflow CPU-only installation

Examples related to macos

Problems with installation of Google App Engine SDK for php in OS X dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/libssl.1.0.0.dylib dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/opt/icu4c/lib/libicui18n.62.dylib error running php after installing node with brew on Mac Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] How do I install Java on Mac OSX allowing version switching? Git is not working after macOS Update (xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools) Can't compile C program on a Mac after upgrade to Mojave You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0 directory. (mac user) How can I install a previous version of Python 3 in macOS using homebrew? Could not install packages due to a "Environment error :[error 13]: permission denied : 'usr/local/bin/f2py'"

Examples related to module

How to fix: fatal error: openssl/opensslv.h: No such file or directory in RedHat 7 How to import functions from different js file in a Vue+webpack+vue-loader project Typescript ReferenceError: exports is not defined ImportError: No module named tensorflow ModuleNotFoundError: What does it mean __main__ is not a package? ES6 modules in the browser: Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token import module.exports vs. export default in Node.js and ES6 What's the difference between an Angular component and module Export multiple classes in ES6 modules Python - Module Not Found

Examples related to packages

How to install Python packages from the tar.gz file without using pip install Package name does not correspond to the file path - IntelliJ Can I force pip to reinstall the current version? The import android.support cannot be resolved How to solve java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError? How to list all installed packages and their versions in Python? Importing packages in Java Check for installed packages before running install.packages() How do I find a list of Homebrew's installable packages? Installing a local module using npm?

Examples related to macports

pip installs packages successfully, but executables not found from command line What is the difference/usage of homebrew, macports or other package installation tools? Xcode is not currently available from the Software Update server sudo: port: command not found How do I upgrade PHP in Mac OS X? What is the most compatible way to install python modules on a Mac?