[c#] How can I find the last element in a List<>?

The following is an extract from my code:

public class AllIntegerIDs 
{
    public AllIntegerIDs() 
    {            
        m_MessageID = 0;
        m_MessageType = 0;
        m_ClassID = 0;
        m_CategoryID = 0;
        m_MessageText = null;
    }
    
    ~AllIntegerIDs()
    {
    }

    public void SetIntegerValues (int messageID, int messagetype,
        int classID, int categoryID)
    {
        this.m_MessageID = messageID;
        this.m_MessageType = messagetype;
        this.m_ClassID = classID;
        this.m_CategoryID = categoryID;
    }
    
    public string m_MessageText;
    public int m_MessageID;
    public int m_MessageType;
    public int m_ClassID;
    public int m_CategoryID;
}

I am trying to use the following in my main() function code:

List<AllIntegerIDs> integerList = new List<AllIntegerIDs>();

/* some code here that is ised for following assignments*/
{
   integerList.Add(new AllIntegerIDs());
   index++;
   integerList[index].m_MessageID = (int)IntegerIDsSubstring[IntOffset];
   integerList[index].m_MessageType = (int)IntegerIDsSubstring[IntOffset + 1];
   integerList[index].m_ClassID = (int)IntegerIDsSubstring[IntOffset + 2];
   integerList[index].m_CategoryID = (int)IntegerIDsSubstring[IntOffset + 3];
   integerList[index].m_MessageText = MessageTextSubstring;
}

Problem is here: I am trying to print all elements in my List using a for loop:

for (int cnt3 = 0 ; cnt3 <= integerList.FindLastIndex ; cnt3++) //<----PROBLEM HERE
{
   Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}\t{4}\n", integerList[cnt3].m_MessageID,integerList[cnt3].m_MessageType,integerList[cnt3].m_ClassID,integerList[cnt3].m_CategoryID, integerList[cnt3].m_MessageText);
}

I want to find the last element so that I equate cnt3 in my for loop and print out all entries in the List. Each element in the list is an object of the class AllIntegerIDs as mentioned above in the code sample. How do I find the last valid entry in the List?

Should I use something like integerList.Find(integerList[].m_MessageText == null;?

If I use that it will need an index that will range from 0 to whatever maximum. Means I will have to use another for loop which I do not intend to use. Is there a shorter/better way?

Though this was posted 11 years ago, I'm sure the right number of answers is one more than there are!

You can also doing something like;

if (integerList.Count > 0) 
   var item = integerList[^1];

See the tutorial post on the MS C# docs here from a few months back.

I would personally still stick with LastOrDefault() / Last() but thought I'd share this.

EDIT; Just realised another answer has mentioned this with another doc link.

Lets get at the root of the question, how to address the last element of a List safely...

Assuming

List<string> myList = new List<string>();

Then

//NOT safe on an empty list!
string myString = myList[myList.Count -1];

//equivalent to the above line when Count is 0, bad index
string otherString = myList[-1];

"count-1" is a bad habit unless you first guarantee the list is not empty.

There is not a convenient way around checking for the empty list except to do it.

The shortest way I can think of is

string myString = (myList.Count != 0) ? myList [ myList.Count-1 ] : "";

you could go all out and make a delegate that always returns true, and pass it to FindLast, which will return the last value (or default constructed valye if the list is empty). This function starts at the end of the list so will be Big O(1) or constant time, despite the method normally being O(n).

//somewhere in your codebase, a strange delegate is defined
private static bool alwaysTrue(string in)
{
    return true;
}

//Wherever you are working with the list
string myString = myList.FindLast(alwaysTrue);

The FindLast method is ugly if you count the delegate part, but it only needs to be declared one place. If the list is empty, it will return a default constructed value of the list type "" for string. Taking the alwaysTrue delegate a step further, making it a template instead of string type, would be more useful.

Change

for (int cnt3 = 0 ; cnt3 <= integerList.FindLastIndex ; cnt3++)

to

for (int cnt3 = 0 ; cnt3 < integerList.Count; cnt3++)

Why not just use the Count property on the List?

for(int cnt3 = 0; cnt3 < integerList.Count; cnt3++)

Use the Count property. The last index will be Count - 1.

for (int cnt3 = 0 ; cnt3 < integerList.Count; cnt3++)

In C# 8.0 you can get the last item with ^ operator full explanation

List<char> list = ...;
var value = list[^1]; 

// Gets translated to 
var value = list[list.Count - 1];

int lastInt = integerList[integerList.Count-1];

To get the last item of a collection use LastOrDefault() and Last() extension methods

var lastItem = integerList.LastOrDefault();

OR

var lastItem = integerList.Last();

Remeber to add using System.Linq;, or this method won't be available.

I would have to agree a foreach would be a lot easier something like

foreach(AllIntegerIDs allIntegerIDs in integerList)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}\t{4}\n", allIntegerIDs.m_MessageID,
allIntegerIDs.m_MessageType,
allIntegerIDs.m_ClassID,
allIntegerIDs.m_CategoryID,
allIntegerIDs.m_MessageText);
}

Also I would suggest you add properties to access your information instead of public fields, depending on your .net version you can add it like public int MessageType {get; set;} and get rid of the m_ from your public fields, properties etc as it shouldnt be there.

Independent of your original question, you will get better performance if you capture references to local variables rather than index into your list multiple times:

AllIntegerIDs ids = new AllIntegerIDs();
ids.m_MessageID = (int)IntegerIDsSubstring[IntOffset];
ids.m_MessageType = (int)IntegerIDsSubstring[IntOffset + 1];
ids.m_ClassID = (int)IntegerIDsSubstring[IntOffset + 2];
ids.m_CategoryID = (int)IntegerIDsSubstring[IntOffset + 3];
ids.m_MessageText = MessageTextSubstring;
integerList.Add(ids);

And in your for loop:

for (int cnt3 = 0 ; cnt3 < integerList.Count ; cnt3++) //<----PROBLEM HERE
{
   AllIntegerIDs ids = integerList[cnt3];
   Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}\t{4}\n",
      ids.m_MessageID,ids.m_MessageType,ids.m_ClassID,ids.m_CategoryID, ids.m_MessageText);
}