How do I copy an entire directory of files into an existing directory using Python

Question

Run the following code from a directory that contains a directory named bar  containing one or more files  and a directory named baz  also containing one or more files    Make sure there is not a directory named foo   import shutil shutil copytree  bar    foo   shutil copytree  baz    foo     It will fail with     python copytree test py  Traceback  most recent call last     File  copytree test py   line 5  in  lt module gt      shutil copytree  baz    foo     File   System Library Frameworks Python framework Versions 2 5 lib python2 5 shutil py   line 110  in copytree   File   System Library Frameworks Python framework Versions 2 5 lib python2 5 os py   line 172  in makedirs OSError   Errno 17  File exists   foo    I want this to work the same way as if I had typed     mkdir foo   cp bar   foo    cp baz   foo    Do I need to use shutil copy   to copy each file in baz into foo   After I ve already copied the contents of  bar  into  foo  with shutil copytree      Or is there an easier better way

User · Answer

A merge one inspired by atzz and Mital Vora      usr bin python import os import shutil import stat def copytree src  dst  symlinks   False  ignore   None     if not os path exists dst       os makedirs dst      shutil copystat src  dst    lst   os listdir src    if ignore      excl   ignore src  lst      lst    x for x in lst if x not in excl    for item in lst      s   os path join src  item      d   os path join dst  item      if symlinks and os path islink s         if os path lexists d           os remove d        os symlink os readlink s   d        try          st   os lstat s          mode   stat S IMODE st st mode          os lchmod d  mode        except          pass   lchmod not available     elif os path isdir s         copytree s  d  symlinks  ignore      else        shutil copy2 s  d     Same behavior as shutil copytree  with symlinks and ignore parameters Create directory destination structure if non existant Will not fail if dst already exists

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i would assume fastest and simplest way would be have python call the system commands      example    import os cmd     lt command line call gt   os system cmd    Tar and gzip up the directory     unzip and untar the directory in the desired place    yah

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Here is a version inspired by this thread that more closely mimics distutils file util copy file   updateonly is a bool if True  will only copy files with modified dates newer than existing files in dst unless listed in forceupdate which will copy regardless   ignore and forceupdate expect lists of filenames or folder filenames relative to src and accept Unix-style wildcards similar to glob or fnmatch   The function returns a list of files copied  or would be copied if dryrun if True    import os import shutil import fnmatch import stat import itertools  def copyToDir src  dst  updateonly True  symlinks True  ignore None  forceupdate None  dryrun False        def copySymLink srclink  destlink           if os path lexists destlink               os remove destlink          os symlink os readlink srclink   destlink          try              st   os lstat srclink              mode   stat S IMODE st st mode              os lchmod destlink  mode          except OSError              pass    lchmod not available     fc          if not os path exists dst  and not dryrun          os makedirs dst          shutil copystat src  dst      if ignore is not None          ignorepatterns    os path join src   x split       for x in ignore      else          ignorepatterns          if forceupdate is not None          forceupdatepatterns    os path join src   x split       for x in forceupdate      else          forceupdatepatterns          srclen   len src      for root  dirs  files in os walk src           fullsrcfiles    os path join root  x  for x in files          t   root srclen 1           dstroot   os path join dst  t          fulldstfiles    os path join dstroot  x  for x in files          excludefiles   list itertools chain from iterable  fnmatch filter fullsrcfiles  pattern  for pattern in ignorepatterns            forceupdatefiles   list itertools chain from iterable  fnmatch filter fullsrcfiles  pattern  for pattern in forceupdatepatterns            for directory in dirs              fullsrcdir   os path join src  directory              fulldstdir   os path join dstroot  directory              if os path islink fullsrcdir                   if symlinks and dryrun is False                      copySymLink fullsrcdir  fulldstdir              else                  if not os path exists directory  and dryrun is False                      os makedirs os path join dst  dir                       shutil copystat src  dst          for s d in zip fullsrcfiles  fulldstfiles               if s not in excludefiles                  if updateonly                      go   False                     if os path isfile d                           srcdate   os stat s  st mtime                         dstdate   os stat d  st mtime                         if srcdate  gt  dstdate                              go   True                     else                          go   True                     if s in forceupdatefiles                          go   True                     if go is True                          fc append d                          if not dryrun                              if os path islink s  and symlinks is True                                  copySymLink s  d                              else                                  shutil copy2 s  d                  else                      fc append d                      if not dryrun                          if os path islink s  and symlinks is True                              copySymLink s  d                          else                              shutil copy2 s  d      return fc

User · Answer

Here is my version of the same task    import os  glob  shutil  def make dir path       if not os path isdir path           os mkdir path    def copy dir source item  destination item       if os path isdir source item           make dir destination item          sub items   glob glob source item                 for sub item in sub items              copy dir sub item  destination item         sub item split      -1       else          shutil copy source item  destination item

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This limitation of the standard shutil copytree seems arbitrary and annoying  Workaround   import os  shutil def copytree src  dst  symlinks False  ignore None       for item in os listdir src           s   os path join src  item          d   os path join dst  item          if os path isdir s               shutil copytree s  d  symlinks  ignore          else              shutil copy2 s  d    Note that it s not entirely consistent with the standard copytree    it doesn t honor symlinks and ignore parameters for the root directory of the src tree  it doesn t raise shutil Error for errors at the root level of src  in case of errors during copying of a subtree  it will raise shutil Error for that subtree instead of trying to copy other subtrees and raising single combined shutil Error

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This is inspired from the original best answer provided by atzz  I just added replace file   folder logic  So it doesn t actually merge  but deletes the existing file  folder and copies the new one   import shutil import os def copytree src  dst  symlinks False  ignore None       for item in os listdir src           s   os path join src  item          d   os path join dst  item          if os path exists d               try                  shutil rmtree d              except Exception as e                  print e                 os unlink d          if os path isdir s               shutil copytree s  d  symlinks  ignore          else              shutil copy2 s  d       shutil rmtree src    Uncomment the rmtree to make it a move function

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Here is my pass at the problem   I modified the source code for copytree to keep the original functionality  but now no error occurs when the directory already exists   I also changed it so it doesn t overwrite existing files but rather keeps both copies  one with a modified name  since this was important for my application    import shutil import os   def  copytree src  dst  symlinks False  ignore None               This is an improved version of shutil copytree which allows writing to     existing folders and does not overwrite existing files but instead appends     a  1 to the file name and adds it to the destination path               names   os listdir src      if ignore is not None          ignored names   ignore src  names      else          ignored names   set        if not os path exists dst           os makedirs dst          shutil copystat src  dst      errors          for name in names          if name in ignored names              continue         srcname   os path join src  name          dstname   os path join dst  name          i   1         while os path exists dstname  and not os path isdir dstname               parts   name split                  file name                  file extension   parts -1                make a new file name inserting  1 between name and extension             for j in range len parts -1                   file name    parts j                  if j  lt  len parts -2                      file name                    suffix   file name         str i          file extension             dstname   os path join dst  suffix              i  1         try              if symlinks and os path islink srcname                   linkto   os readlink srcname                  os symlink linkto  dstname              elif os path isdir srcname                    copytree srcname  dstname  symlinks  ignore              else                  shutil copy2 srcname  dstname          except  IOError  os error  as why              errors append  srcname  dstname  str why              catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can           continue with other files         except BaseException as err              errors extend err args 0       try          shutil copystat src  dst      except WindowsError            can t copy file access times on Windows         pass     except OSError as why          errors extend  src  dst  str why        if errors          raise BaseException errors

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Here is a version that expects a pathlib Path as input     Recusively copies the content of the directory src to the directory dst    If dst doesn t exist  it is created  together with all missing parent directories    If a file from src already exists in dst  the file in dst is overwritten    Files already existing in dst which don t exist in src are preserved    Symlinks inside src are copied as symlinks  they are not resolved before copying    def copy dir src  dst       dst mkdir parents True  exist ok True      for item in os listdir src           s   src   item         d   dst   item         if s is dir                copy dir s  d          else              shutil copy2 str s   str d     Note that this function requires Python 3 6  which is the first version of Python where os listdir   supports path-like objects as input  If you need to support earlier versions of Python  you can replace listdir src  by listdir str src

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docs explicitly state that destination directory should not exist      The destination directory  named by dst  must not already exist  it will be created as well as missing parent directories    I think your best bet is to os walk the second and all consequent directories  copy2 directory and files and do additional copystat for directories  After all that s precisely what copytree does as explained in the docs  Or you could copy and copystat each directory file and os listdir instead of os walk

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In slight improvement on atzz s answer to the function where the above function always tries to copy the files from source to destination    def copytree src  dst  symlinks False  ignore None       if not os path exists dst           os makedirs dst      for item in os listdir src           s   os path join src  item          d   os path join dst  item          if os path isdir s               copytree s  d  symlinks  ignore          else              if not os path exists d  or os stat s  st mtime - os stat d  st mtime  gt  1                  shutil copy2 s  d    In my above implementation   Creating the output directory if not already exists Doing the copy directory by recursively calling my own method  When we come to actually copying the file I check if the file is modified then only we should copy     I am using above function along with scons build  It helped me a lot as every time when I compile I may not need to copy entire set of files   but only the files which are modified

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Here s a solution that s part of the standard library   from distutils dir util import copy tree copy tree   a b c     x y z     See this similar question   Copy directory contents into a directory with python   Reference - https   docs python org 3 distutils apiref html distutils dir util copy tree

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The previous solution has some issue that src may overwrite dst without any notification or exception   I add a predict error method to predict errors before copy copytree mainly base on Cyrille Pontvieux s version   Using predict error to predict all errors at first is best  unless you like to see exception raised one by another when execute copytree until fix all error   def predict error src  dst         if os path exists dst           src isdir   os path isdir src          dst isdir   os path isdir dst          if src isdir and dst isdir              pass         elif src isdir and not dst isdir              yield  dst  src is dir but dst is file            elif not src isdir and dst isdir              yield  dst  src is file but dst is dir            else              yield  dst  already exists a file with same name in dst        if os path isdir src           for item in os listdir src               s   os path join src  item              d   os path join dst  item              for e in predict error s  d                   yield e   def copytree src  dst  symlinks False  ignore None  overwrite False               would overwrite if src and dst are both file     but would not use folder overwrite file  or viceverse             if not overwrite          errors   list predict error src  dst           if errors              raise Exception  copy would overwrite some file  error detail  s    errors       if not os path exists dst           os makedirs dst          shutil copystat src  dst      lst   os listdir src      if ignore          excl   ignore src  lst          lst    x for x in lst if x not in excl      for item in lst          s   os path join src  item          d   os path join dst  item          if symlinks and os path islink s               if os path lexists d                   os remove d              os symlink os readlink s   d              try                  st   os lstat s                  mode   stat S IMODE st st mode                  os lchmod d  mode              except                  pass    lchmod not available         elif os path isdir s               copytree s  d  symlinks  ignore          else              if not overwrite                  if os path exists d                       continue             shutil copy2 s  d

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Python 3 8 introduced the dirs exist ok argument to shutil copytree      Recursively copy an entire directory tree rooted at src to a directory named dst and return the destination directory  dirs exist ok dictates whether to raise an exception in case dst or any missing parent directory already exists    Therefore  with Python 3 8  this should work   import shutil  shutil copytree  bar    foo   shutil copytree  baz    foo   dirs exist ok True

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Try This   import os shutil  def copydir src  dst     h   os getcwd     src   r     format src    if not os path isdir dst        print   n    No Such directory     dst               exit 1     if not os path isdir src        print   n    No Such directory     src               exit 1    if      in src       c             tsrc   src split       -1   0    else      c           tsrc   src split      -1   0     os chdir dst    if os path isdir tsrc       print   n    The Directory Is already exists           exit 1    try      os mkdir tsrc    except WindowsError      print   n    Error  In       nPlease Check Your Dirctory Path      format src       exit 1    os chdir h    files        for i in os listdir src       files append src c i    if len files   gt  0      for i in files          if not os path isdir i               shutil copy2 i  dst c tsrc     print   n    Done         copydir  c  folder1    c  folder2

[python] How do I copy an entire directory of files into an existing directory using Python?

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