How to run test methods in specific order in JUnit4

Question

I want to execute test methods which are annotated by  Test in specific order   For example   public class MyTest        Test public void test1          Test public void test2         I want to ensure to run test1   before test2   each time I run MyTest  but I couldn t find annotation like  Test order xx    I think it s quite important feature for JUnit  if author of JUnit doesn t want the order feature  why

User · Answer

JUnit 5 update  and my opinion         I think it s quite important feature for JUnit  if author of JUnit   doesn t want the order feature  why    By default  unit testing libraries don t try to execute tests in the order that occurs in the source file  JUnit 5 as JUnit 4 work in that way  Why   Because if the order matters it means that  some tests are coupled between them and that is undesirable for unit tests  So the  Nested feature introduced by JUnit 5 follows the same default approach     But for integration tests  the order of the test method may matter since a test method may change the state of the application in a way expected by another test method   For example when you write an integration test for a e-shop checkout processing  the first test method to be executed is registering a client  the second is adding items in the basket and the last one is doing the checkout  If the test runner doesn t respect that order  the test scenario is flawed and will fail  So in JUnit 5  from the 5 4 version  you have all the same the possibility to set the execution order by annotating the test class with  TestMethodOrder OrderAnnotation class  and by specifying the order with  Order numericOrderValue  for the methods which the order matters      For example      TestMethodOrder OrderAnnotation class   class FooTest         Order 3       Test     void checkoutOrder             System out println  checkoutOrder                Order 2       Test     void addItemsInBasket             System out println  addItemsInBasket                Order 1       Test     void createUserAndLogin             System out println  createUserAndLogin              Output       createUserAndLogin      addItemsInBasket      checkoutOrder   By the way  specifying  TestMethodOrder OrderAnnotation class  looks like not needed  at least in the 5 4 0 version I tested      Side note About the question   is JUnit 5 the best choice to write integration tests    I don t think that it should be the first tool to consider  Cucumber and co may often bring more specific value and features for integration tests  but in some integration test cases  the JUnit framework is enough  So that is a good news that the feature exists

User · Answer

You can use one of these piece of codes   FixMethodOrder MethodSorters JVM  OR  FixMethodOrder MethodSorters DEFAULT  OR  FixMethodOrder MethodSorters NAME ASCENDING  Before your test class like this   FixMethodOrder MethodSorters NAME ASCENDING  public class BookTest

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What you want is perfectly reasonable when test cases are being run as a suite   Unfortunately no time to give a complete solution right now  but have a look at class    org junit runners Suite   Which allows you to call test cases  from any test class  in a specific order   These might be used to create functional  integration or system tests   This leaves your unit tests as they are without specific order  as recommended   whether you run them like that or not  and then re-use the tests as part of a bigger picture   We re-use inherit the same code for unit  integration and system tests  sometimes data driven  sometimes commit driven  and sometimes run as a suite

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Please check out this one  https   github com TransparentMarket junit  It runs the test in the order they are specified  defined within the compiled class file   Also it features a AllTests suite to run tests defined by sub package first  Using the AllTests implementation one can extend the solution in also filtering for properties  we used to use  Fast annotations but those were not published yet

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Its one of the main issue which I faced when I worked on Junit and I came up with following solution which works fine for me   import java util ArrayList  import java util Collections  import java util Comparator  import java util List   import org junit runners BlockJUnit4ClassRunner  import org junit runners model FrameworkMethod  import org junit runners model InitializationError   public class OrderedRunner extends BlockJUnit4ClassRunner        public OrderedRunner Class lt   gt  clazz  throws InitializationError           super clazz               Override     protected List lt FrameworkMethod gt  computeTestMethods             List lt FrameworkMethod gt  list   super computeTestMethods            List lt FrameworkMethod gt  copy   new ArrayList lt FrameworkMethod gt  list           Collections sort copy  new Comparator lt FrameworkMethod gt                    Override             public int compare FrameworkMethod f1  FrameworkMethod f2                    Order o1   f1 getAnnotation Order class                   Order o2   f2 getAnnotation Order class                    if  o1    null    o2    null                        return -1                                     return o1 order   - o2 order                                      return copy            also create a interface like below     Retention RetentionPolicy RUNTIME     Target   ElementType METHOD    public  interface Order   public int order        Now suppose you have class A where you have written several test cases like below     runWith OrderRunner class  Class A   Test  Order order   1   void method       do something         So execution will start from method named  method     Thanks

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If you get rid of your existing instance of Junit  and download JUnit 4 11 or greater in the build path  the following code will execute the test methods in the order of their names  sorted  in ascending order    FixMethodOrder MethodSorters NAME ASCENDING  public class SampleTest         Test     public void testAcreate             System out println  first               Test     public void testBupdate             System out println  second               Test     public void testCdelete             System out println  third

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Here is an extension to JUnit that can produce the desired behavior  https   github com aafuks aaf-junit  I know that this is against the authors of JUnit philosophy  but when using JUnit in environments that are not strict unit testing  as practiced in Java  this can be very helpful

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I think it s quite important feature for JUnit  if author of JUnit doesn t want the order feature  why     I m not sure there is a clean way to do this with JUnit  to my knowledge JUnit assumes that all tests can be performed in an arbitrary order  From the FAQ      How do I use a test fixture             The ordering of test-method invocations is not guaranteed  so testOneItemCollection   might be executed before testEmptyCollection            Why is it so  Well  I believe that making tests order dependent is a practice that the authors don t want to promote  Tests should be independent  they shouldn t be coupled and violating this will make things harder to maintain  will break the ability to run tests individually  obviously   etc   That being said  if you really want to go in this direction  consider using  TestNG since it supports running tests methods in any arbitrary order natively  and things like specifying that methods depends on groups of methods   Cedric Beust explains how to do this in order of execution of tests in testng

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If the order is important  you should make the order yourself     Test public void test1            Test public void test2     test1            In particular  you should list some or all possible order permutations to test  if necessary    For example    void test1     void test2     void test3        Test public void testOrder1     test1    test3        Test expected   Exception class  public void testOrder2     test2    test3    test1        Test expected   NullPointerException class  public void testOrder3     test3    test1    test2        Or  a full test of all permutations     Test public void testAllOrders         for  Object   sample  permute 1  2  3             for  Object index  sample                switch    Integer  index  intValue                      case 1  test1    break                   case 2  test2    break                   case 3  test3    break                                     Here  permute   is a simple function which iterates all possible permuations into a Collection of array

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Migration to TestNG seems the best way  but I see no clear solution here for jUnit  Here is most readable solution   formatting I found for jUnit    FixMethodOrder MethodSorters NAME ASCENDING  public class SampleTest        Test     void stage1 prepareAndTest            Test     void stage2 checkSomething            Test     void stage2 checkSomethingElse            Test     void stage3 thisDependsOnStage2            Test     void callTimeDoesntMatter         This ensures stage2 methods are called after stage1 ones and before stage3 ones

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I ended up here thinking that my tests weren t run in order  but the truth is that the mess was in my async jobs  When working with concurrency you need to perform concurrency checks between your tests as well  In my case  jobs and tests share a semaphore  so next tests hang until the running job releases the lock   I know this is not fully related to this question  but maybe could help targeting the correct issue

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With  JUnit 5 4  you can specify the order     Test  Order 2  public void sendEmailTestGmail   throws MessagingException     you just need to annotate your class   TestMethodOrder OrderAnnotation class    https   junit org junit5 docs current user-guide  writing-tests-test-execution-order  i m using this in my project and it works very well

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I ve read a few answers and agree its not best practice  but the easiest way to order your tests - and the way that JUnit runs tests by default is by alphabetic name ascending    So just name your tests in the alphabetic order that you want  Also note the test name must begin with the word test  Just watch out for numbers  test12 will run before test2  so   testA MyFirstTest testC ThirdTest testB ATestThatRunsSecond

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See my solution here   Junit and java 7    In this article I describe how to run junit tests in order -  just as in your source code   Tests will be run  in order as your test methods appears in class file   http   intellijava blogspot com 2012 05 junit-and-java-7 html  But as Pascal Thivent said  this is not a good practise

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Not sure I agree  If I want to test  File Upload  and then test  Data Inserted by File Upload  why would I not want these to be independent from each other  Perfectly reasonable I think to be able to run them separately rather than having both in a Goliath test case

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The  as yet unreleased  change https   github com junit-team junit pull 386 introduces a  SortMethodsWith  https   github com junit-team junit pull 293 at least made the order predictable without that  in Java 7 it can be quite random

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JUnit since 5 5 allows  TestMethodOrder OrderAnnotation class  on class and  Order 1  on test-methods  JUnit old versions allow test methods run ordering using class annotations   FixMethodOrder MethodSorters NAME ASCENDING   FixMethodOrder MethodSorters JVM   FixMethodOrder MethodSorters DEFAULT   By default test methods are run in alphabetical order  So  to set specific methods order you can name them like   a TestWorkUnit WithCertainState ShouldDoSomething b TestWorkUnit WithCertainState ShouldDoSomething c TestWorkUnit WithCertainState ShouldDoSomething  Or   1 TestWorkUnit WithCertainState ShouldDoSomething  2 TestWorkUnit WithCertainState ShouldDoSomething  3 TestWorkUnit WithCertainState ShouldDoSomething  You can find examples here

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If you want to run test methods in a specific order in JUnit 5  you can use the below code   TestMethodOrder MethodOrderer OrderAnnotation class  public class MyClassTest          Test      Order 1      public void test1            Test      Order 2      public void test2

User · Answer

Look at a JUnit report   JUnit is already organized by package   Each package has  or can have  TestSuite classes  each of which in turn run multiple TestCases   Each TestCase can have multiple test methods of the form public void test     each of which will actually become an instance of the TestCase class to which they belong   Each test method  TestCase instance  has a name and a pass fail criteria   What my management requires is the concept of individual TestStep items  each of which reports their own pass fail criteria   Failure of any test step must not prevent the execution of subsequent test steps   In the past  test developers in my position organized TestCase classes into packages that correspond to the part s  of the product under test  created a TestCase class for each test  and made each test method a separate  step  in the test  complete with its own pass fail criteria in the JUnit output   Each TestCase is a standalone  test   but the individual methods  or test  steps  within the TestCase  must occur in a specific order   The TestCase methods were the steps of the TestCase  and test designers got a separate pass fail criterion per test step   Now the test steps are jumbled  and the tests  of course  fail   For example   Class testStateChanges extends TestCase  public void testCreateObjectPlacesTheObjectInStateA   public void testTransitionToStateBAndValidateStateB   public void testTransitionToStateCAndValidateStateC   public void testTryToDeleteObjectinStateCAndValidateObjectStillExists   public void testTransitionToStateAAndValidateStateA   public void testDeleteObjectInStateAAndObjectDoesNotExist   public void cleanupIfAnythingWentWrong     Each test method asserts and reports its own separate pass fail criteria  Collapsing this into  one big test method  for the sake of ordering loses the pass fail criteria granularity of each  step  in the JUnit summary report      and that upsets my managers   They are currently demanding another alternative   Can anyone explain how a JUnit with scrambled test method ordering would support separate pass fail criteria of each sequential test step  as exemplified above and required by my management   Regardless of the documentation  I see this as a serious regression in the JUnit framework that is making life difficult for lots of test developers

[java] How to run test methods in specific order in JUnit4?

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