On my Gentoo/Funtoo linux system I am having similar problems:
I gotting always not the correct device description and insufficient permissions:
# sudo ./adb devices
List of devices attached
???????????? no permissions
# ./adb usb
error: insufficient permissions for device
For me helps the howto from Google. In my case I needed to add the udev rule:
# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="18d1", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
and setting up the filesystem rights
# chmod a+r /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules
After replugging my smartphone the access to the phone was successful, it also appears now in Eclipse' Android Device Chooser:
# sudo ./adb devices
List of devices attached
3XXXXXXXXXXXXXC device
# sudo ./adb usb
restarting in USB mode
You also have to check the membership of your user to the plugdev-group.