I have a bit of an issue with one of my projects.
I have been trying to find a well documented example of using shared memory with fork() but to no success.
Basically the scenario is that when the user starts the program, I need to store two values in shared memory: current_path which is a char* and a file_name which is also char*.
Depending on the command arguments, a new process is kicked off with fork() and that process needs to read and modify the current_path variable stored in shared memory while the file_name variable is read only.
Is there a good tutorial on shared memory with example code (if possible) that you can direct me to?
This question is related to
c
linux
fork
shared-memory
Here's a mmap example:
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
/*
* pvtmMmapAlloc - creates a memory mapped file area.
* The return value is a page-aligned memory value, or NULL if there is a failure.
* Here's the list of arguments:
* @mmapFileName - the name of the memory mapped file
* @size - the size of the memory mapped file (should be a multiple of the system page for best performance)
* @create - determines whether or not the area should be created.
*/
void* pvtmMmapAlloc (char * mmapFileName, size_t size, char create)
{
void * retv = NULL;
if (create)
{
mode_t origMask = umask(0);
int mmapFd = open(mmapFileName, O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 00666);
umask(origMask);
if (mmapFd < 0)
{
perror("open mmapFd failed");
return NULL;
}
if ((ftruncate(mmapFd, size) == 0))
{
int result = lseek(mmapFd, size - 1, SEEK_SET);
if (result == -1)
{
perror("lseek mmapFd failed");
close(mmapFd);
return NULL;
}
/* Something needs to be written at the end of the file to
* have the file actually have the new size.
* Just writing an empty string at the current file position will do.
* Note:
* - The current position in the file is at the end of the stretched
* file due to the call to lseek().
* - The current position in the file is at the end of the stretched
* file due to the call to lseek().
* - An empty string is actually a single '\0' character, so a zero-byte
* will be written at the last byte of the file.
*/
result = write(mmapFd, "", 1);
if (result != 1)
{
perror("write mmapFd failed");
close(mmapFd);
return NULL;
}
retv = mmap(NULL, size,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, mmapFd, 0);
if (retv == MAP_FAILED || retv == NULL)
{
perror("mmap");
close(mmapFd);
return NULL;
}
}
}
else
{
int mmapFd = open(mmapFileName, O_RDWR, 00666);
if (mmapFd < 0)
{
return NULL;
}
int result = lseek(mmapFd, 0, SEEK_END);
if (result == -1)
{
perror("lseek mmapFd failed");
close(mmapFd);
return NULL;
}
if (result == 0)
{
perror("The file has 0 bytes");
close(mmapFd);
return NULL;
}
retv = mmap(NULL, size,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, mmapFd, 0);
if (retv == MAP_FAILED || retv == NULL)
{
perror("mmap");
close(mmapFd);
return NULL;
}
close(mmapFd);
}
return retv;
}
try this code sample, I tested it, source: http://www.makelinux.net/alp/035
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
int main ()
{
int segment_id;
char* shared_memory;
struct shmid_ds shmbuffer;
int segment_size;
const int shared_segment_size = 0x6400;
/* Allocate a shared memory segment. */
segment_id = shmget (IPC_PRIVATE, shared_segment_size,
IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
/* Attach the shared memory segment. */
shared_memory = (char*) shmat (segment_id, 0, 0);
printf ("shared memory attached at address %p\n", shared_memory);
/* Determine the segment's size. */
shmctl (segment_id, IPC_STAT, &shmbuffer);
segment_size = shmbuffer.shm_segsz;
printf ("segment size: %d\n", segment_size);
/* Write a string to the shared memory segment. */
sprintf (shared_memory, "Hello, world.");
/* Detach the shared memory segment. */
shmdt (shared_memory);
/* Reattach the shared memory segment, at a different address. */
shared_memory = (char*) shmat (segment_id, (void*) 0x5000000, 0);
printf ("shared memory reattached at address %p\n", shared_memory);
/* Print out the string from shared memory. */
printf ("%s\n", shared_memory);
/* Detach the shared memory segment. */
shmdt (shared_memory);
/* Deallocate the shared memory segment. */
shmctl (segment_id, IPC_RMID, 0);
return 0;
}
Here is an example for shared memory :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#define SHM_SIZE 1024 /* make it a 1K shared memory segment */
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
key_t key;
int shmid;
char *data;
int mode;
if (argc > 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: shmdemo [data_to_write]\n");
exit(1);
}
/* make the key: */
if ((key = ftok("hello.txt", 'R')) == -1) /*Here the file must exist */
{
perror("ftok");
exit(1);
}
/* create the segment: */
if ((shmid = shmget(key, SHM_SIZE, 0644 | IPC_CREAT)) == -1) {
perror("shmget");
exit(1);
}
/* attach to the segment to get a pointer to it: */
data = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
if (data == (char *)(-1)) {
perror("shmat");
exit(1);
}
/* read or modify the segment, based on the command line: */
if (argc == 2) {
printf("writing to segment: \"%s\"\n", argv[1]);
strncpy(data, argv[1], SHM_SIZE);
} else
printf("segment contains: \"%s\"\n", data);
/* detach from the segment: */
if (shmdt(data) == -1) {
perror("shmdt");
exit(1);
}
return 0;
}
Steps :
Use ftok to convert a pathname and a project identifier to a System V IPC key
Use shmget which allocates a shared memory segment
Use shmat to attache the shared memory segment identified by shmid to the address space of the calling process
Do the operations on the memory area
Detach using shmdt
These are includes for using shared memory
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
int shmid;
int shmkey = 12222;//u can choose it as your choice
int main()
{
//now your main starting
shmid = shmget(shmkey,1024,IPC_CREAT);
// 1024 = your preferred size for share memory
// IPC_CREAT its a flag to create shared memory
//now attach a memory to this share memory
char *shmpointer = shmat(shmid,NULL);
//do your work with the shared memory
//read -write will be done with the *shmppointer
//after your work is done deattach the pointer
shmdt(&shmpointer, NULL);
Source: Stackoverflow.com